GLORIA

GEOMAR Library Ocean Research Information Access

X
feed icon rss

Ihre E-Mail wurde erfolgreich gesendet. Bitte prüfen Sie Ihren Maileingang.

Leider ist ein Fehler beim E-Mail-Versand aufgetreten. Bitte versuchen Sie es erneut.

Vorgang fortführen?

Exportieren
  • 1
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    INCREASES IN SODIUM AND CHLORIDE IN THE MOHAWK RIVER, NEW YORK, FROM THE 1950'S TO THE 1970'S ATTRIBUTED TO ROAD SALT (1981)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of the American Water Resources Association 17 (1981), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1752-1688
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Architektur, Bauingenieurwesen, Vermessung , Geographie
    Notizen: Regression analyses of major ion concentration in relation to specific conductance of water from the Mohawk River during two separate periods, 1951–53 and 1970–74, indicate statistically insignificant changes in the linear relationship of all constituents studied except chloride. Mean values and changes in the slopes of these relationships indicate that sodium and chloride have had consistently higher yields, in kilograms per square kilometer per year, than the other ions, although all ions show a general 20 percent increase in yields during the two decades. This general increase in ion yields is attributed to an accelerated transport rate of ions out of the basin as a result of a 19 percent increase in mean stream discharge. Transport rates of sodium and chloride have increased by 72 and 145 percent, respectively, in the Mohawk River since the early 1950's. Analysis of the sodium and chloride sources indicates rock salt used as a road deicei to be the primary source. This salt use accounts for 96 percent of the sodium transport increase and 69 percent of the chloride transport increase within the basin during the last two decades.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.1981.tb01264.x
    Standort Signatur Einschränkungen Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Artikel (Nationallizenzen)
    Volltext
  • 2
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    The Geochemical Evolution of Riparian Ground Water in a Forested Piedmont Catchment (2003)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Ground water 41 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1745-6584
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Energietechnik , Geologie und Paläontologie
    Notizen: The principal weathering reactions and their rates in riparian ground water were determined at the Panola Mountain Research Watershed (PMRW) near Atlanta, Georgia. Concentrations of major solutes were measured in ground water samples from 19 shallow wells completed in the riparian (saprolite) aquifer and in one borehole completed in granite, and the apparent age of each sample was calculated from chloroflourocarbons and tritium/helium-3 data. Concentrations of SiO2, Na+, and Ca2+ generally increased downvalley and were highest in the borehole near the watershed outlet. Strong positive correlations were found between the concentrations of these solutes and the apparent age of ground water that was modern (zero to one year) in the headwaters, six to seven years midway down the valley, and 26 to 27 years in the borehole, located ∼500 m downstream from the headwaters. Mass-balance modeling of chemical evolution showed that the downstream changes in ground water chemistry could be largely explained by weathering of plagioclase to kaolinite, with possible contributions from weathering of K-feldspar, biotite, hornblende, and calcite. The in situ rates of weathering reactions were estimated by combining the ground water age dates with geochemical mass-balance modeling results. The weathering rate was highest for plagioclase (∼6.4 μmol/L/year), but could not be easily compared with most other published results for feldspar weathering at PMRW and elsewhere because the mineral-surface area to which ground water was exposed during geochemical evolution could not be estimated. However, a preliminary estimate of the mineral-surface area that would have contacted the ground water to provide the observed solute concentrations suggests that the plagioclase weathering rate calculated in this study is similar to the rate calculated in a previous study at PMRW, and three to four orders of magnitude slower than those published in previous laboratory studies of feldspar weathering. An accurate model of the geochemical evolution of riparian ground water is necessary to accurately model the geochemical evolution of stream water at PMRW.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.2003.tb02434.x
    Standort Signatur Einschränkungen Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Artikel (Nationallizenzen)
    Volltext
  • 3
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Hydrological Dynamics of the Panola Mountain Research Watershed, Georgia (2003)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Ground water 41 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1745-6584
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Energietechnik , Geologie und Paläontologie
    Notizen: Relations between stormflow characteristics and soil-moisture content, water table elevation in wells along several transects perpendicular to the stream, and precipitation were evaluated for the Panola Mountain Research Watershed, Georgia, from water years 1986 through 2001 to refine the conceptualization of streamflow generation, including the relations between ground water dynamics and streamflow. For 759 rainstorms during 16 water years, stormflow water yield correlates best with maximum soil-moisture content and with maximum water table elevation; the relations are linear above thresholds for the entire period and vary by season. For moderate to large rainstorms, relations among wetness parameters and stormflow water yield are better (less scatter) and more consistent when the watershed is seasonally wet than when the watershed is dry. During rainstorms, soil-moisture content (minimum or maximum) is highly correlated among soil depths and with water table elevations. The soil-moisture measurements were made at one site at the base of a hillslope, and the values at any depth are likely to vary spatially and with respect to timing, other landscape positions, and soil types. Stormflow water yield is linearly related to soil-moisture content at the deepest location (70 cm) above 37% volumetric moisture content, which occurs ∼20% of the time. Maximum water table elevation is linearly related to maximum soil-moisture content above a threshold, and the soil-moisture threshold increases with upslope position; the soil-moisture threshold for flow to occur at a trench hillslope site is 41%, which occurs 〈0.5% of the time. The general relations among streamflow, soil moisture, and water table response are attributed to variable source areas, particularly the ground water contribution from a riparian zone aquifer ≤5 m thick that expands as the watershed becomes wetter.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.2003.tb02439.x
    Standort Signatur Einschränkungen Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Artikel (Nationallizenzen)
    Volltext
  • 4
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Use of multivariate analysis for determining sources of solutes found in wet atmospheric deposition in the United States (1989)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Environmental science & technology 23 (1989), S. 1263-1268 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-5851
    Quelle: ACS Legacy Archives
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Energietechnik
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es00068a013
    Standort Signatur Einschränkungen Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Artikel (Nationallizenzen)
    Volltext
  • 5
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Biotic and abiotic processes controlling water chemistry during snowmelt at rabbit ears pass, Rocky Mountains, Colorado, U.S.A. (1995)
    Springer
    Water, air & soil pollution 79 (1995), S. 171-190 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2932
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Energietechnik
    Notizen: Abstract The chemical composition of snowmelt, groundwater, and streamwater was monitored during the spring of 1991 and 1992 in a 200-ha subalpine catchment on the western flank of the Rocky Mountains near Steamboat Springs, Colorado. Most of the snowmelt occurred during a one-month period annually that began in mid-May 1991 and mid-April 1992. The average water quality characteristics of individual sampling sites (meltwater, streamwater, and groundwater) were similar in 1991 and 1992. The major ions in meltwater were differentially eluted from the snowpack, and meltwater was dominated by Ca2+, SO 4 2− , and NO 3 − . Groundwater and streamwater were dominated by weathering products, including Ca2+, HCO 3 − (measured as alkalinity), and SiO2, and their concentrations decreased as snowmelt progressed. One well had extremely high NO 3 − . concentrations, which were balanced by Ca2+ concentrations. For this well, hydrogen ion was hypothesized to be generated from nitrification in overlying soils, and subsequently exchanged with other cations, particularly Ca2+. Solute concentrations in streamwater also decreased as snowmelt progressed. Variations in groundwater levels and solute concentrations indicate that most of the meltwater traveled through the surficial materials. A mass balance for 1992 indicated that the watershed retained H+, NH 4 + , NO 3 − , SO 4 2− and Cl− and was the primary source of base cations and other weathering products. Proportionally more SO 4 2− was deposited with the unusually high summer rainfall in 1992 compared to that released from snowmelt, whereas NO 3 − was higher in snowmelt and Cl− was the same. The sum of snowmelt and rainfall could account for greater than 90% of the H+ and NH 4 + retained by the watershed and greater than 50% of the NO 3 − .
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01100436
    Standort Signatur Einschränkungen Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Artikel (Nationallizenzen)
    Volltext
  • 6
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Tracing Hydrologic Pathways Using Chloride at the Panola Mountain Research Watershed, Georgia, USA (1998)
    Springer
    Water, air & soil pollution 105 (1998), S. 263-275 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2932
    Schlagwort(e): chloride ; hydrograph separation ; Panola Mountain Research Watershed ; streamflow ; tracer
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Energietechnik
    Notizen: Abstract An analysis of chloride (Cl-) concentrations and fluxes at the 41 ha Panola Mountain Research Watershed indicates that Cl- may be used effectively to differentiate "new" and "old" water flow through the hillslope and their respective contributions to streamwater. Rainfall and throughfall, the "new" water inputs, are marked by low Cl- concentrations (〈15 µeq L-1). Stormwater moves rapidly to depth along preferred pathways in a deciduous forest hillslope, as evidenced by low Cl- concentrations (〈20 µeq L-1) in mobile soil water from zero-tension stainless-steel pan lysimeters. "Old" waters, matrix soil waters and groundwater, typically have high Cl- concentrations (〉30 µeq L-1). Timing of soil water transport is not sufficiently rapid to suggest that soil water from this hillslope site (20 m from the stream) contributes to streamwater during individual rainstorms. The source of streamflow, therefore, must be a combination of channel interception, overland flow and soil water from near-channel areas, and runoff from a 3 ha bedrock outcrop in the headwaters. Groundwater contribution to streamflow was estimated using Cl- concentrations of throughfall and groundwater as the two end members for a two-component hydrograph separation. For the study period, groundwater contributed 79% of the streamflow and from 1985 to 1995, contributed 75% of the streamflow. Rainfall was the source of 45% of the Cl- flux from the watershed in the long term; the remaining Cl- is hypothesized to be derived from dry deposition, consistent with the enrichment noted for throughfall. At peak flow during individual rainstorms, "new" water can contribute 95% of the runoff.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1005082332332
    Standort Signatur Einschränkungen Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Artikel (Nationallizenzen)
    Volltext
  • 7
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Re-evaluation of colorimetric Cl− data from natural waters with DOC (1996)
    Springer
    Water, air & soil pollution 91 (1996), S. 283-298 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2932
    Schlagwort(e): dry deposition ; charge density ; chloride ; colorimetry ; ion balance ; ion chromatography ; recycling ; watershed budgets
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Energietechnik
    Notizen: Abstract Colorimetric Cl− data from natural solutions that contain dissolved organic carbon (DOC) may be biased high. We evaluated aquatic Cl- concentrations in ecosystem compartments at the Bear Brook Watershed, Maine, and from lakes in Maine, using ion chromatography and colorimetry. DOC imparts a positive interference on colorimetric Cl− results proportional to DOC concentrations at approximately 0.8 µeq Cl−/L per mg DOC/L. The interference is not a function of Cl− concentration. The resulting bias in concentrations of Cl− may be 50% or more of typical environmental values for Cl− in areas remote from atmospheric deposition of marine aerosols. Such biased data in the literature appear to have led to spurious conclusions about recycling of Cl− by forests, the usefulness of Cl− as a conservative tracer in watershed studies, and calculations of elemental budgets, ion balance, charge density of DOC, and dry deposition factors.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00666264
    Standort Signatur Einschränkungen Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Artikel (Nationallizenzen)
    Volltext
  • 8
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Above-Ground Sulfur Cycling in Adjacent Coniferous and Deciduous Forests and Watershed Sulfur Retention in the Georgia Piedmont, U.S.A. (1998)
    Springer
    Water, air & soil pollution 103 (1998), S. 151-171 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2932
    Schlagwort(e): atmospheric deposition ; coniferous ; deciduous ; dendrochemistry ; dry deposition ; foliage ; loblolly pine ; precipitation ; stemflow ; sulfur ; sulfur dioxide ; throughfall
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Energietechnik
    Notizen: Abstract Atmospheric deposition and above-ground cycling of sulfur (S) were evaluated in adjacent deciduous and coniferous forests at the Panola Mountain Research Watershed (PMRW), Georgia, U.S.A. Total atmospheric S deposition (wet plus dry) was 12.9 and 12.7 kg ha-1 yr-1 for the deciduous and coniferous forests, respectively, from October 1987 through November 1989. Dry deposition contributes more than 40% to the total atmospheric S deposition, and SO2 is the major source (∼55%) of total dry S deposition. Dry deposition to these canopies is similar to regional estimates suggesting that 60-km proximity to emission sources does not noticeably impact dry deposition at PMRW. Below-canopy S fluxes (throughfall plus stemflow) in each forest are 37% higher annually in the deciduous forest than in the coniferous forest. An excess in below-canopy S flux in the deciduous forest is attributed to leaching and higher dry deposition than in the coniferous forest. Total S deposition to the forest floor by throughfall, stemflow and litterfall was 2.4 and 2.8 times higher in the deciduous and coniferous forests, respectively, than annual S growth requirement for foliage and wood. Although S deposition exceeds growth requirement, more than 95% of the total atmospheric S deposition was retained by the watershed in 1988 and 1989. The S retention at PMRW is primarily due to SO4 2- adsorption by iron oxides and hydroxides in watershed soils. The S content in white oak and loblolly pine boles have increased more than 200% in the last 20 yr, possibly reflecting increases in emissions.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1004902816609
    Standort Signatur Einschränkungen Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Artikel (Nationallizenzen)
    Volltext
  • 9
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Hydrogeologic comparison of an acidic-lake basin with a neutral-lake basin in the West-Central Adirondack Mountains, New York (1985)
    Springer
    Water, air & soil pollution 26 (1985), S. 387-402 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2932
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Energietechnik
    Notizen: Abstract Two small headwater lake basins that receive similar amounts of acidic atmospheric deposition have significantly different lake outflow pH values; pH at Panther Lake (neutral) ranges from about 4.7 to 7; that at Woods Lake (acidic) ranges from about 4.3 to 5. A hydrologic analysis, which included monthly water budgets, hydrograph analysis, examination of flow duration and runoff recession curves, calculation of ground-water storage, and an analysis of lateral flow capacity of the soil, indicates that differences in lakewater pH can be attributed to differences in the ground-water contribution to the lakes. A larger percentage of the water discharged from the neutral lake is derived from ground water than that from the acidic lake. Ground water has a higher pH resulting from a sufficiently long residence time for neutralizing chemical reactions to occur with the till. The difference in ground-water contribution is attributed to a more extensive distribution of thick till (〈3 m) in the neutral-lake basin than in the acidic-lake basin; average thickness of till in the neutral-lake basin is 24 m whereas that in the other is 2.3 m. During the snowmelt period, as much as three months of accumulated precipitation may be released within two weeks causing the lateral flow capacity of the deeper mineral soil to be exceeded in the neutral-lake basin. This excess water moves over and through the shallow acidic soil horizons and causes the lakewater pH to decrease during snowmelt
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00280693
    Standort Signatur Einschränkungen Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Artikel (Nationallizenzen)
    Volltext
  • 10
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Atmospheric deposition effects on the chemistry of a stream in Northeastern Georgia (1988)
    Springer
    Water, air & soil pollution 39 (1988), S. 275-291 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2932
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Energietechnik
    Notizen: Abstract The quantity and quality of precipitation and streamwater were measured from August 1985 through September 1986 in the Brier Creek watershed, a 440-ha drainage in the Southern Blue Ridge Province of northeastern Georgia, to determine stream sensitivity to acidic deposition. Precipitation samples collected at 2 sites had a volume-weighted average pH of 4.40 whereas stream samples collected near the mouth of Brier Creek had a discharge-weighted average pH of 6.70. Computed solute fluxes through the watershed and observed changes in streamwater chemistry during storm flow suggest that cation exchange, mineral weathering, SO4 2− adsorption by the soil, and groundwater discharge to the stream are probable factors affecting neutralization of precipitation acidity. Net solute fluxes for the watershed indicate that, of the precipitation input, 〉 99% of the H+, 93% of the NH4 + and NO3 −, and 77% of the SO4 2− were retained. Sources within the watershed yielded base cations, Cl−, and HCO3 − and accounted for 84, 47, and 100% of the net transport, respectively. Although streamwater SO4 2− and NO3 − concentrations increased during stormflow, peak concentrations of these anions were much less than average concentrations in the precipitation. This suggests retention of these solutes occurs even when water residence time is short.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00279474
    Standort Signatur Einschränkungen Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Artikel (Nationallizenzen)
    Volltext
Schließen ⊗
Diese Webseite nutzt Cookies und das Analyse-Tool Matomo. Weitere Informationen finden Sie hier...