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  • 1
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    A 1‐Million‐Year Record of Environmental Change in the Central Mediterranean Sea From Organic Molecular Proxies (2021)
    Wiley-Agu
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-11-26
    Description: The Mediterranean Sea is particularly sensitive to climate oscillations and represents a key location to study past climatic and oceanographic changes. One valuable source of paleoceanographic information is through molecular biomarkers in deep sea sediments. This approach has been applied in a number of studies in this basin, but only covering the most recent glacial/interglacial cycles. Here we present, for the first time in the Mediterranean Sea, a molecular biomarker record from the Strait of Sicily that covers the last million years until the present, almost continuously. We present data on alkenone derived urn:x-wiley:25724517:media:palo21102:palo21102-math-0001 index sea surface temperatures (SST) and provide insights on the evolution of the phytoplankton community composition and terrestrial inputs through the analysis of the concentrations of alkenones, brassicasterol and long-chain alcohols. The urn:x-wiley:25724517:media:palo21102:palo21102-math-0002-SST record followed a climatic evolution modulated by glacial/interglacial cycles with a marked increase in the 100 kyr-amplitude of the glacial cycles at ∼430 ka, coincident with the Mid-Brunhes transition. In addition, SSTs were consistently higher compared with other records in the western Mediterranean, indicative of the progressive warming that surface waters experience along their transit from the Strait of Gibraltar to the Central Mediterranean. Regarding the concentrations of alkenones and brassicasterol, they displayed distinct alternate peaks, some of them coeval with the deposition of sapropels. This suggests that different environmental and oceanographic conditions characterized each sapropel which, together with changes in terrestrial inputs and the degree of oligotrophy, induced the alternate proliferation of coccolithophores and diatoms.
    Description: Published
    Description: e2021PA004289
    Description: 1A. Geomagnetismo e Paleomagnetismo
    Description: JCR Journal
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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    PAPER (OA)
  • 2
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    Differential response of two Mediterranean cold-water coral species to ocean acidification (2014)
    Springer
    In:  Coral Reefs, 33 (3). pp. 675-686.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-06-19
    Description: Cold-water coral (CWC) reefs constitute one of the most complex deep-sea habitats harboring a vast diversity of associated species. Like other tropical or temperate framework builders, these systems are facing an uncertain future due to several threats, such as global warming and ocean acidification. In the case of Mediterranean CWC communities, the effect may be exacerbated due to the greater capacity of these waters to absorb atmospheric CO2 compared to the global ocean. Calcification in these organisms is an energy-demanding process, and it is expected that energy requirements will be greater as seawater pH and the availability of carbonate ions decrease. Therefore, studies assessing the effect of a pH decrease in skeletal growth, and metabolic balance are critical to fully understand the potential responses of these organisms under a changing scenario. In this context, the present work aims to investigate the medium- to long-term effect of a low pH scenario on calcification and the biochemical composition of two CWCs from the Mediterranean, Dendrophyllia cornigera and Desmophyllum dianthus. After 314 d of exposure to acidified conditions, a significant decrease of 70 % was observed in Desmophyllum dianthus skeletal growth rate, while Dendrophyllia cornigera showed no differences between treatments. Instead, only subtle differences between treatments were observed in the organic matter amount, lipid content, skeletal microdensity, or porosity in both species, although due to the high variability of the results, these differences were not statistically significant. Our results also confirmed a heterogeneous effect of low pH on the skeletal growth rate of the organisms depending on their initial weight, suggesting that those specimens with high calcification rates may be the most susceptible to the negative effects of acidification.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    DOI: 10.1007/s00338-014-1159-9
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    OceanRep: Article in a Scientific Journal - peer-reviewed
  • 3
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    Resistance of Two Mediterranean Cold-Water Coral Species to Low-pH Conditions (2013)
    MDPI
    In:  Water, 6 (1). pp. 59-67.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-06-19
    Description: Deep-water ecosystems are characterized by relatively low carbonate concentration values and, due to ocean acidification (OA), these habitats might be among the first to be exposed to undersaturated conditions in the forthcoming years. However, until now, very few studies have been conducted to test how cold-water coral (CWC) species react to such changes in the seawater chemistry. The present work aims to investigate the mid-term effect of decreased pH on calcification of the two branching CWC species most widely distributed in the Mediterranean, Lophelia pertusa and Madrepora oculata. No significant effects were observed in the skeletal growth rate, microdensity and porosity of both species after 6 months of exposure. However, while the calcification rate of M. oculata was similar for all colony fragments, a heterogeneous skeletal growth pattern was observed in L. pertusa, the younger nubbins showing higher growth rates than the older ones. A higher energy demand is expected in these young, fast-growing fragments and, therefore, a reduction in calcification might be noticed earlier during long-term exposure to acidified conditions.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    DOI: 10.3390/w6010059
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    OceanRep: Article in a Scientific Journal - peer-reviewed
  • 4
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    Uncoupled seasonal variability of transparent exopolymer and Coomassie stainable particles in coastal Mediterranean waters (2021)
    University of California Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-02-07
    Description: Transparent exopolymer particles (TEP) and Coomassie stainable particles (CSP) are gel-like particles, ubiquitous in the ocean, that affect important biogeochemical processes including organic carbon cycling by planktonic food webs. Despite much research on both groups of particles (especially TEP) over many years, whether they exist as distinctly stainable fractions of the same particles or as independent particles, each with different driving factors, remains unclear. To address this question, we examined the temporal dynamics of TEP and CSP over 2 complete seasonal cycles at 2 coastal sites in the Northwestern Mediterranean Sea, the Blanes Bay Microbial Observatory (BBMO) and the L’Estartit Oceanographic Station (EOS), as well as their spatial distribution along a coast-to-offshore transect. Biological, chemical, and physical variables were measured in parallel. Surface concentrations (mean ± standard deviation [SD]) of TEP were 36.7 ± 21.5 µg Xanthan Gum (XG) eq L–1 at BBMO and 36.6 ± 28.3 µg XG eq L–1 at EOS; for CSP, they were 11.9 ± 6.1 µg BSA eq L–1 at BBMO and 13.0 ± 5.9 µg BSA eq L–1 at EOS. Seasonal variability was more evident at EOS, where surface TEP and CSP concentrations peaked in summer and spring, respectively, and less predictable at the shore-most station, BBMO. Vertical distributions between surface and 80 m, monitored at EOS, showed highest TEP concentrations within the surface mixed layer during the stratification period, whereas CSP concentrations were highest before the onset of summer stratification. Phytoplankton were the main drivers of TEP and CSP distributions, although nutrient limitation and saturating irradiance also appeared to play important roles. The dynamics and distribution of TEP and CSP were uncoupled both in the coastal sites and along the transect, suggesting that they are different types of particles produced and consumed differently in response to environmental variability.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    Format: text
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    OceanRep: Article in a Scientific Journal - peer-reviewed
  • 5
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    Molecular biomarkers, UK'37-derived sea surface temperature, δ²H of C37-alkenones and δ¹⁸O-seawater of Globigerinoides ruber from ODP Site 202-1240 (2020)
    PANGAEA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-01-13
    Description: Down core marine sediment samples from ODP Site 1240 have been used for the analysis of the C28 and C30 1,14-diols, the C37:2 and C37:3 long chain ketones (alkenones) and the 24-methylcholesta-5,22-dien-3β-ol (brassicasterol) as proxies of primary productivity. Alkenones were also used to infer past sea surface temperatures through the unsaturation index UK'37. The C29 n-alkane was measured to obtain information on continental material inputs. δD of C37-alkenones and δ¹⁸O-seawater of Globigerinoides ruber were used as indicators of relative salinity changes. This data has been used for the study of the period between 150 and 110 ka (sediment depth from ca. 13 to 17 m), according to the age model from Rippert et al. (2017).
    Type: Dataset
    Format: application/zip, 3 datasets
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    DATA PANGAEA
  • 6
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    (Table 1) Age determination of sediment core SO136-003GC
    PANGAEA
    In:  Supplement to: Barrows, Timothy T; Juggins, Stephen; De Deckker, Patrick; Calvo, Eva; Pelejero, Carles (2007): Long-term sea surface temperature and climate change in the Australian-New Zealand region. Paleoceanography, 22(2), PA2215, https://doi.org/10.1029/2006PA001328
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-06-27
    Description: We compile and compare data for the last 150,000 years from four deep-sea cores in the midlatitude zone of the Southern Hemisphere. We recalculate sea surface temperature estimates derived from foraminifera and compare these with estimates derived from alkenones and magnesium/calcium ratios in foraminiferal carbonate and with accompanying sedimentological and pollen records on a common absolute timescale. Using a stack of the highest-resolution records, we find that first-order climate change occurs in concert with changes in insolation in the Northern Hemisphere. Glacier extent and inferred vegetation changes in Australia and New Zealand vary in tandem with sea surface temperatures, signifying close links between oceanic and terrestrial temperature. In the Southern Ocean, rapid temperature change of the order of 6°C occurs within a few centuries and appears to have played an important role in midlatitude climate change. Sea surface temperature changes over longer periods closely match proxy temperature records from Antarctic ice cores. Warm events correlate with Antarctic events A1-A4 and appear to occur just before Dansgaard-Oeschger events 8, 12, 14, and 17 in Greenland.
    Keywords: Age, 14C AMS; Age, calibrated; Age, dated; Age, dated, error to older; Age, dated, error to younger; Calendar age; Confidence interval; Depth, bottom/max; DEPTH, sediment/rock; Depth, top/min; GC; Globigerina bulloides, δ13C; Gravity corer; Mass spectrometer Finnigan MAT 251; Sample ID; SO136; SO136_003GC; Sonne; TASQWA; δ13C, standard deviation
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 194 data points
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    DATA PANGAEA
  • 7
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    Seawater δ¹⁸O measured on Globigerinoides ruber of ODP Site 202-1240 (2020)
    PANGAEA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-06-27
    Keywords: 202-1240; AGE; COMPCORE; Composite Core; DEPTH, sediment/rock; Equatorial East Pacific; Joides Resolution; Leg202; δ18O, seawater, reconstructed
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 179 data points
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    DATA PANGAEA
  • 8
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    Molecular biomarkers and UK'37-derived sea surface temperature of ODP Site 202-1240 (2020)
    PANGAEA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-06-27
    Keywords: 202-1240; 24-Methylcholesta-5,22E-dien-3beta-ol; AGE; Alkenone, C37:3+C37:2; Alkenone, unsaturation index UK'37; C28+C30 1,14-diols; COMPCORE; Composite Core; DEPTH, sediment/rock; Equatorial East Pacific; Joides Resolution; Leg202; n-Alkane C29; Sea surface temperature; SST, from UK'37
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 512 data points
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    DATA PANGAEA
  • 9
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    δ13C and δ18O isotopes of Globigerina bulloides from ODP Site 177-1090 (2021)
    PANGAEA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-07-20
    Description: Over the last deglaciation there were two transient intervals of pronounced atmospheric CO2 rise; Heinrich Stadial 1 (17.5-15 kyr) and the Younger Dryas (12.9-11.5 kyr). Leading hypotheses accounting for the increased accumulation of CO2 in the atmosphere at these times invoke deep ocean carbon being released from the Southern Ocean and an associated decline in the global efficiency of the biological carbon pump. From core ODP1090 we present new G. bulloidies carbon and oxygen isotope records. These stable isotopic analyses were performed on a Thermo Finnigan MAT253 coupled with a Kiel IV carbonate device at the University of Southampton.
    Keywords: 177-1090; AGE; Alkenones; boron isotopes; Calculated; COMPCORE; Composite Core; deglacial; Depth, bottom/max; DEPTH, sediment/rock; Depth, top/min; Globigerina bulloides, δ13C; Globigerina bulloides, δ13C/12C ratio, standard deviation; Globigerina bulloides, δ18O; Globigerina bulloides, δ18O/16O ratio, standard deviation; Joides Resolution; Leg177; Normalized; ODP 1090; South Atlantic Ocean; Sub-Antarctic; TAN1106-28
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 174 data points
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    DATA PANGAEA
  • 10
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    (Table 2) C37 Alkenone composition in the water particulate samples collected in the Gulf of Lions (1999)
    PANGAEA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-07-20
    Keywords: Aegeo_PUMP5; Aegeo_PUMP6; Aegeo_PUMP8; Alkenone, C37; Alkenone, C38; Alkenone, unsaturation index UK37; Calculated from UK'37 (Müller et al, 1998); Calculated from UK37 (Ternois et al, 1997); CTD; DEPTH, water; Event label; Methlyheptatriaconta-15E,22E-dien-2-one; Methlyheptatriaconta-15E,22E-trien-2-one; Octatriaconta-16E,23E-dien-2-one; Octatriaconta-16E,23E-dien-3-one; Octatriaconta-9E,16E,23E-trien-2-one; Octatriaconta-9E,16E,23E-trien-3-one; PUMP; Temperature, calculated; Temperature, water; Water pump
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 108 data points
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    DATA PANGAEA
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