Note: Intro -- FrontMatter -- Preface -- Acknowledgments -- Contents -- List of Boxes, Tables, and Figure -- Summary -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Mapping the Landscape -- 3 Overview of Citizen Science as a Context for Learning -- 4 Processes of Learning and Learning in Science -- 5 Citizen Science as an Opportunity for Science Learning -- 6 Designing for Learning -- 7 Conclusions and Recommendations -- Appendix A: Demographic Analyses of Citizen Science -- Appendix B: The Evolution of Learning for Design -- Appendix C: Characteristics of Science Learning in Citizen Science Projects: An Ad Hoc Review -- Appendix D: Biographical Sketches of Committee Members and Staff.

Note: Intro -- Preface -- Contents -- Introduction: climate change and indigenous peoples of the USA -- Justice forward: Tribes, climate adaptation and responsibility -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Formal and retrospective justice -- 2.1 Climate change and collective continuance -- 2.2 Institutions and collective continuance -- 2.3 Coupled political obstructions and ecological challenges -- 2.4 Injustice and responsibility -- 3 Justice and systems of responsibilities -- 3.1 Justice and institutions -- 3.2 The function of institutions -- 4 Interpreting four policies as systems of responsibilities -- 4.1 Beyond compliance -- 4.2 Government-to-government relationship -- 4.3 Trust responsibility -- 4.4 Integrating tribal and non-tribal sciences -- 4.5 Multiparty governance -- 5 Conclusion -- References -- Culture, law, risk and governance: contexts of traditional knowledge in climate change adaptation -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Traditional knowledge in the context of climate change -- 3 Cultural contexts of traditional knowledge -- 4 Legal contexts of traditional knowledge -- 4.1 Intellectual property laws -- 4.1.1 Copyrights -- 4.2 Non-intellectual property laws: freedom of information Act (USA) / freedom of expression / the common heritage of humankind -- 5 Risk contexts of traditional knowledge -- 5.1 Free, Prior and Informed Consent (FPIC) -- 5.2 Risks of sharing climate-relevant traditional knowledge in the coast Salish -- 6 Traditional knowledge governance -- 7 Respect for indigenous governance in a climate change context -- 8 Conclusion -- References -- The impacts of climate change on tribal traditional foods -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Cultural context: understanding the impacts of climate change on traditional foods -- 2.1 Indigenous people, berry plants, and climate change -- 3 Climate impacts on traditional foods -- 4 Tribal adaptation in a changing environment. , 4.1 Historic tribal approaches to adaptation -- 4.2 Informing contemporary adaptation strategies -- 5 Conclusion -- References -- Indigenous frameworks for observing and responding to climate change in Alaska -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Traditional knowledge as a lens for observing climate change -- 3 Climate-change impacts on Alaskan indigenous communities -- 4 Interactions of climate change and development -- 5 Preparing for the future -- References -- Climate change impacts on the water resources of American Indians and Alaska Natives in the U.S. -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Framework for understanding impacts -- 3 Hazards and vulnerability context -- 3.1 Climate, hydrologic, and ecosystem change hazards -- 3.2 Socioeconomic factors -- 3.3 Political factors -- 3.4 Infrastructural factors -- 3.5 Ecosystem services and land-use factors -- 3.6 Spiritual and cultural factors -- 4 Impacts -- 4.1 Alaska -- 4.2 Pacific Northwest -- 4.3 Southwest -- 4.4 Great Plains -- 4.5 Midwest -- 4.6 East -- 5 Concluding thoughts -- References -- Climate change in arid lands and Native American socioeconomic vulnerability: The case of the Pyramid Lake Paiute Tribe -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Methods -- 2.1 Surveys and interviews -- 2.2 Vulnerability assessment framework -- 3 Context and community life -- 4 Results for socio-economic vulnerability factors -- 4.1 Internal factors -- 4.1.1 Education and employment -- 4.1.2 Climate change perceptions -- 4.1.3 Institutional capacity -- 4.1.4 Technology -- 4.1.5 Physical capital -- 4.1.6 Economic resources and financial capital -- 4.1.7 Social capital -- 4.1.8 Natural capital -- 4.2 External factors In our analysis, the external socio-economic vulnerability factors were linked to social, economic, legal, -- 4.2.1 Federal support and entitlement -- 4.2.2 Power relation and legal stressor -- 4.2.3 Job opportunity and migration. , 5 Discussion -- 6 Conclusion -- References -- The impact of climate change on tribal communities in the US: displacement, relocation, and human rights -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Case studies -- 2.1 Kivalina -- 2.2 Isle de Jean Charles -- 2.3 Newtok -- 3 Legal aspects and policy implications -- 4 Lessons learned from past relocations -- 5 A human rights approach to relocation -- 6 Concluding statement -- References -- Cultural impacts to tribes from climate change influences on forests -- 1 Introduction -- 1.1 Traditional ecological knowledge and climate impacts on forests -- 1.2 Tribal adaptation to changing fire regimes and climate -- 2 Climate impacts on tribally-valued forest resources -- 2.1 Climate-related impacts from invasive species and pests -- 3 Tribal adaptation in response to forest changes and wildfire threats -- 3.1 Tribal engagement in Landscape Conservation -- 3.2 Collaboration in tribal forest management -- 4 Conclusion -- Forest disruption and changes in species composition resulting from climate change could lead to the loss of culturally importan -- Tribal involvement in agency resource management and climate change initiatives could include monitoring for species changes in -- always [be] preceded by trust-building, development of working relationships, and respect for areas that should not be researche -- indigenous knowledge systems seem to build holistic pictures of the environment by considering a large number of variables quali -- References -- Changing streamflow on Columbia basin tribal lands-climate change and salmon -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Methods -- 2.1 Temperature and precipitation -- 2.2 Flow data -- 2.3 Tributary basins Thirty-two snowmelt-dominant basins located on or near tribal ceded lands, were selected (Fig. 1, Online Re -- 2.4 Flow measures -- 2.5 Trend analysis and hydroclimatology -- 3 Results. , 3.1 Temperature and precipitation data -- 3.2 Seasonal flow fraction -- 3.3 Center timing -- 3.4 Spring flow onset -- 3.5 High flows -- 3.6 Low flows -- 3.7 Basin elevation analysis -- 4 Discussion -- 4.1 Trends in streamflow timing -- 4.2 Pacific Ocean and Pacific Northwest hydroclimatology -- 4.3 Fishery restoration -- 5 Conclusions -- References -- Exploring effects of climate change on Northern Plains American Indian health -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Crow elder observations -- 3 Confirmation of Elders' observations of recent climate change using monitoring data -- 4 Anticipated vulnerabilities for the Crow community and local ecosystems -- 5 Conclusion -- References -- The effect of climate change on glacier ablation and baseflow support in the Nooksack River basin and implications on Pacific salmonid species protection -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Recorded trends in climate, streamflow, and glaciers -- 2.1 Climate trends of the PNW -- 2.2 Climate trends in the Nooksack River watershed -- 2.3 Trends in glacier mass balance -- 2.4 Trends in Nooksack River streamflow and temperature -- 3 Climate projections with climate change -- 3.1 Climate projections for the PNW -- 3.2 Projections for the North Cascade and Mount Baker glaciers -- 3.3 Projected changes in streamflow -- 4 Implications for salmonids -- 5 Conclusions -- References -- Re-thinking colonialism to prepare for the impacts of rapid environmental change -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Key ecological concepts and contemporary environmental change -- 2.1 Coupled human and natural systems -- 2.2 Feedback loops -- 2.3 Thresholds -- 3 Linked environmental and social change in colonial New England -- 3.1 Pre-contact coupled human and natural systems -- 3.2 Contact and rapid demographic change -- 3.3 A tipping point for New England CHANS -- 3.4 Amplifying feedbacks in colonial CHANS -- 4 Discussion -- 5 Conclusions. , In this paper, we demonstrated a line of research that studies colonial history to gain insights for responding to rapid environ -- The challenge remains to develop an outline for comprehensive, integrated models that convincingly explicate past socio-ecologic -- Climatic Change -- focuses on tribal communities in the U.S., our recommendations for future research are applicable in any location where colonial -- References.