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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Foraging strategies of incubating and brooding king penguins Aptenodytes patagonicus (1998)
    Springer
    Oecologia 114 (1998), S. 194-201 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1939
    Keywords: Key wordsAptenodytes patagonicus ; Breeding stage ; Diving ; Foraging strategy ; Penguin
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract For oceanic birds like king penguins, a major constraint is the separation of foraging areas from the breeding colony, largely because swimming increases foraging costs. However, the relationship between foraging strategy and breeding stage has been poorly investigated. Using time-depth recorders, we studied the diving behaviour of two groups of king penguins that were either incubating or brooding chicks at Crozet Islands (Southern Indian Ocean) at the same period of the year. Although birds with chicks had the highest predicted energy demand, they made foraging trips half as long as incubating birds (6 vs. 14 days) and modified their time and depth utilisation. Birds with chicks dived deeper during daylight (mean maximum depth of 280 m vs. 205 m for those incubating). At night, birds with chicks spent twice as much time diving as those incubating, but birds at both stages never dived beyond 30 m. Movements to greater depths by brooding birds are consistent with the vertical distribution of myctophid fish which are the main prey. As chick provisioning limits trip duration, it is suggested that it is more efficient for parents to change their diving patterns rather than to restrict their foraging range.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004420050436
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Core temperature variability in diving king penguins (Aptenodytes patagonicus): a preliminary analysis (1996)
    Springer
    Polar biology 16 (1996), S. 371-378 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2056
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract  Core temperature was determined in two king penguins living in the wild at Ile de la Possession, Crozet Archipelago, using implantable four-channel temperature loggers. Core temperatures derived from bird no. 1 (sensor placed under the sternum, in the vicinity of the liver and upper stomach) were closely correlated with diving activity (as determined by an external light recorder), and ranged from 38.3°C, (on land) to a minimum of 37.2°C during a dive. Core temperatures measured in bird no. 2 showed that temperatures near the heart were generally 1°C lower than those under the sternum or in the lower abdomen. Core temperatures declined continuously during dives (by 0.8, 1.2 and 2.7°C in the lower abdomen, under the sternum and near the heart, respectively) and showed precipitous drops to 35°C, probably associated with ingestion of food. Temperatures measured near the heart fluctuated over a period of 288 s, corresponding to the duration (from the literature) of the surface/dive cycle. The relevance of these findings with respect to diving physiology, blood perfusion of tissues, tissue metabolism and aerobic dive limits is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003000050067
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Comparative ultrastructure of the cuticle of some pelagic, nektobenthic and benthic malacostracan crustaceans (1991)
    Springer
    Marine biology 110 (1991), S. 49-58 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The ultrastructure of malacostracan integument was examined and compared in 11 species collected primarily from the western Baltic Sea in 1989, of which eight species were studied for the first time (indicated below by an asterisk). We attempted to relate cuticle structure and thickness to swimming aptitude. The pelagic euphausiidMeganyctiphanes norvegia and the mysidsPraunus flexuosus * andNeomysis integer * displayed a thin, little-mineralized, and thus light-weight cuticle. Laminae of the endocuticle were very thin (0.1µm) relative to those of the exocuticle (1µm). In contrast, laminae in the procuticles of the benthic amphipodsGammarus locusta, Caprella linearis *,Corophium volutator *,Orchestia gammarellus *, and the isopodIdotea baltica were evenly distributed, comparatively thick (1 to 2µm), and more heavily mineralized. The nektobenthic amphipodHyperia galba *, the cumaceanDiastylis rathkei * and the decapodCrangon crangon * migrate between pelagic and benthic regions. Only near the hypodermis did these organisms exhibit the characteristically pelagic fine-layered endocuticle. A membranous layer was lacking in all species investigated. In contrast to the less-mineralized cuticles of the species analyzed here, a membranous layer appears to be restricted to crustaceans with heavily calcified shells. Ultrastructural results were substantiated by morphometric calculations, which indicated differences in thickness of the total cuticle relative to body volume. In the pelagic malacostracans, thickness of the cuticle did not increase with body volume over the size range investigated.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01313091
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Short retention times of stomach temperature loggers in free-living seabirds: is there hope in the spring? (1998)
    Springer
    Marine biology 130 (1998), S. 559-566 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Stomach temperature loggers have proved useful for the study of feeding activity in free-living seabirds, but their usage has been restricted because they are frequently dislodged and lost during the seabirds' regular regurgitation of indigestible prey remains. In the present study we examine the incidence of spontaneous regurgitation (pellet production) in free-living seabirds, consider the effect this has on the likely retrieval of stomach temperature loggers and present a structural modification of the logger housings which leads to a much lower incidence of regurgitation. Systems were tested on albatrosses, cormorants, gannets and penguins.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002270050277
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Core temperature variability in diving king penguins (Aptenodytes patagonicus): a preliminary analysis (1996)
    Springer
    Polar biology 16 (1996), S. 371-378 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2056
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Core temperature was determined in two king penguins living in the wild at Ile de la Possession, Crozel Archipelago, using implantable four-channel temperature loggers. Core temperatures derived from bird no. 1 (sensor placed under the sternum, in the vicinity of the liver and upper stomach) were closely correlated with diving activity (as determined by an external light recorder), and ranged from 38.3°C, (on land) to a minimum of 37.2°C during a dive. Core temperatures measured in bird no. 2 showed that temperatures near the heart were generally 1°C lower than those under the sternum or in the lower abdomen. Core temperatures declined continuously during dives (by 0.8, 1.2 and 2.7°C in the lower abdomen, under the sternum and near the heart, respectively) and showed precipitous drops to 35°C, probably associated with ingestion of food. Temperatures measured near the heart fluctuated over a period of 288 s, corresponding to the duration (from the literature) of the surface/dive cycle. The relevance of these findings with respect to diving physiology, blood perfusion of tissues, tissue metabolism and aerobic dive limits is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02342186
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 6
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    Foraging strategy of King Penguins (Aptenodytes patagonicus) during summer at the Crozet Islands (1998)
    Ecological Society of America
    In:  Ecology, 79 (6). pp. 1905-1921.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-05-05
    Description: The foraging ecology of King Penguins (Aptenodytes patagonicus) at Possession Island, Crozet Archipelago, was studied between January and March 1993 and between February and March 1994. Diving activity and position of the birds were determined via externally attached logging units. Feeding behavior was detected using stomach temperature sensors. All calculated positions of the birds occurred south of Possession Island. The area most frequented was situated 250 km south of the island (48.5° S), where birds stayed for 40 h during a foraging trip, on average. The overall swim speed differed with time into the foraging trip, being lowest during the central part and highest (10 km/h) during the last night at sea, when birds were returning to the colony. Diving activities showed a clear diurnal pattern, with maximum dive depth being dependent on ambient light levels. During the night, only shallow dives 〈30 m were made, whereas deep dives occurred only during daylight. Preferred dive depths during deep diving ranged from 100 to 200 m. Maximum dive depth was 323 m, and maximum dive duration was 9.2 min. Vertical velocity (rate of change of depth) and dive duration were significantly correlated with increasing dive depth. Time spent at depth changed with time into the foraging trip, with most time being spent in deep water strata during the central phase, whereas predominately shallow dives were executed at the beginning and at the end of the foraging trips. Feeding success was closely linked to time of day, dive depth, and time into the foraging trip. Overall, 〉85% of the feeding events occurred during daylight and at twilight. Mean food mass ingested was calculated to be ∼2350 g/d, with the highest amounts ingested during the central and penultimate days of the foraging trip. Foraging success (grams ingested per unit time underwater) was also highest (〉370 g/h) at this time. The relationships between foraging strategy, inter‐ and intraspecific competition, and King Penguin body mass are discussed.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    DOI: 10.1890/0012-9658(1998)079[1905:FSOKPA]2.0.CO;2
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    OceanRep: Article in a Scientific Journal - peer-reviewed
  • 7
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    Foraging habitat and food intake of satellite-tracked king penguins during the austral summer at Crozet Archipelago (1997)
    InterResearch
    In:  Marine Ecology Progress Series, 150 . pp. 21-33.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-04-16
    Description: The relationships between the foraging strategy of seabirds, hydrographic features and food availability are poorly understood. We investigated the movements at sea, time spent per oceanic sector, food intake, and diet of king penguins Aptenodytes patagonicus in the Crozet Islands (Southern Indian Ocean) during summer, as a function of the position of major frontal zones. Fifteen trips at sea were monitored using satellite transmitters over 3 austral summers (1992 to 1994). During each season, satellite transmitters were used in conjunction with stomach temperature recorders in order to investigate feeding activity. The at-sea distribution of king penguins was closely related to the localisation of major hydrographic frontal systems. Intense prospecting areas were observed mainly in zones corresponding to the northern limit of the Polar Front (50° to 51° S), southern limit of the Sub-Antarctic Front (44.50° to 45° S), and a zone between 47° and 48° S. During trips directed south, 2 distinct phases based on travelling speed were detected. The myctophids Electrona carlsbergi, Krefftichtys anderssoni and Protomyctophum tenisoni dominated the diet. The estimated average amount of food ingested per day at sea was 2.4 kg. Between 17 and 64 kg of food was captured during 7 to 25 d at sea. Approximately 80% of the food intake occurred during the first phase of the trip. Food intake was related to trip duration and relative amount of time spent in particular oceanic sectors. The sections 47° to 48° S and 48.5° to 50.50° S appeared particularly favorable for food intake, the latter coinciding with the northern limit of the Polar Front. King penguins fed intensively on several distinct patches when traveling towards the Polar Front. The foraging range seems to be related to the foraging success during the first phase of the trip. The foraging strategy of king penguins during the summer favors displacements toward frontal zones where food availability is optimal.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    DOI: 10.3354/meps150021
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    OceanRep: Article in a Scientific Journal - peer-reviewed
  • 8
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    Unknown
    Quo vadis? Seevögel und ihr mariner Lebensraum (1995)
    Institut für Polarökologie Kiel
    In:  Mitteilungen zur Kieler Polarforschung, 11 . pp. 18-20.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-09-23
    Type: Article , NonPeerReviewed
    Format: text
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    OceanRep: Article in a Scientific Journal - without review
  • 9
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    Foraging areas of king penguins (Aptenodytes patagonicus) breeding at Possession Island in the Southern Indian Ocean (2000)
    Marine Ornithology
    In:  Marine Ornithology, 27 . pp. 77-84.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-09-18
    Description: Between January and March 1994 and between January and June 1995 we used Global Location Sensors(GLS) to determine the feeding areas of King Penguins Aptenodytes patagonicus breeding at Possession Island, Crozet Archipalago. In both years, the preferred feeding area during summer was located about 300 km south of the island, being slightly more distant in 1995. Mean foraging trip duration was 5.7±1.1 days (n = 6) during summer 1994 and 8.9±3.7 days (n = 9) during summer 1995, respectively. During summer the travelling speed of the King Penguins studied was highest at the first and last days of the foraging trip (c. 8 km/h). During the middle days of foraging trips travelling speeds were much lower (〈 5 km/h). In early winter, between late April and mid-June 1995, two King Penguins equipped with GLSs executed foraging trips with durations of 53 and 59 days, respectively. Both birds travelled beyond 60°S with maximum distances to the colony of 1600 and 1800 km, respectively, and total distances covered of about 5000 km. The winter trips were characterized by alternating periods of higher and lower distances covered, indicating a highly variable feeding success at different localities. The relationships between foraging trip duration (days) and maximum distance to the colony (km) and total distance covered (km) were calculated to be maximum distance = 210 + 27 d and total distance = 340 + 85 d.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    Location Call Number Limitation Availability
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    OceanRep: Article in a Scientific Journal - peer-reviewed
  • 10
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    Comparative ultrastructure of the cuticle of some pelagic nektobenthic and benthic Malacostracan Crustaceans (1990)
    In:  EPIC3Marine Biology, 110, pp. 49-58
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-17
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , isiRev
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