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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Scandinavian journal of immunology 54 (2001), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-3083
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Secretory immunoglobulin A (SIgA) provides the first line of defence against pathogens initiating infection via the mucosal route, e.g. the influenza virus. The aim of this study was to examine the basal level of influenza-specific antibody-secreting cell (ASC) in the local mucosa of the upper respiratory tract. Nineteen patients scheduled for tonsillectomy were enrolled for the study, and they had not experienced influenza during the previous year. Tonsils, blood, oral fluid and a nasal biopsy were sampled, and the basal levels of ASC and antibodies (Abs) were determined. We found low numbers of influenza-specific ASC in the blood and tonsils, but there were about 10–100 times higher numbers of specific ASC in the nasal mucosa tissue despite no recent influenza exposure. Thus, the basal level of influenza-specific ASC in the mucosa of the respiratory tract may be important in the protection against influenza infection.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1365-3083
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The secretion of interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6 and tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α were compared when freshly isolated autologous monocytes or monocytederived macrophages (MDMs) were co-cultured in vitro with autologous fragment (F)-spheroids established from a series of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) patients. F-spheroids were generated from the malignant tumour (M-spheroids) or from benign mucosa (B-spheroids) from which the tumour originated control. If monocytes maturated towards MDMs before co-culture, the IL-6 secretion declined dependent on the extent of the MDM maturation by both M- and B-spheroid stimulation. When MDMs maturated in continuous co-culture, a steady-state secretion of IL-6 continued for several days but diminished when the culture medium was changed every 24 h. No co-culture-induced IL-1β or TNF-α was determined. Both the cytokine secretion and the mRNA gene expression revealed a different monocyte/MDM activation when co-culture and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulation were compared. Addition of anti-CD14 (10 µg/ml) decreased monocyte LPS-stimulated, but increased monocyte co-culture stimulated IL-6 secretion. In conclusion, M- and B-spheroids similarly stimulated monocytes and to a lesser extent MDMs. MDMs that maturated with F-spheroids present, retained responsiveness at the monocyte level. Co-culture-induced monocyte stimulation, as measured by IL-6 secretion, was not dependent on activation via the CD14 molecule.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Plant pathology 43 (1994), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-3059
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: In a 4-year disease survey in commercial spinach fields, pathogens were isolated from spinach root pieces placed on selective agar media. Aphanomyces cladogamus was the most abundant pathogen, followed by Phytophthora. cryptogea and Fusarium oxysporum. Rhizoctonia solani was found only occasionally. Other pathogens isolated were F. redolens, F. sambucinum and Cylindrocarpon destructans. P. cryptogea was the most severe pathogen, causing death of most plants, but A. cladogamus also caused severe root damage. Isolates of F. oxysporum ranged from highly pathogenic, i.e. P. oxysporum f.sp. spinaciae race 1. to moderately pathogenic and non-pathogenic, Rhizoctonia solani isolates also varied widely in their pathogenicity. Only a small number of the F. redotens and F. sambucinum isolates were pathogenic and most C. destructans isolates were weakly pathogenic. Isolation frequencies were relatively stable from year to year, but P. cryptogea was isolated more frequently in autumn than in spring. No clear relationships were found between pathogen prevalence and disease severity index of surveyed field plants, between pathogen prevalence and plant developmental stage, or between prevalence of the different pathogens isolated.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology 100 (1994), S. 87-91 
    ISSN: 0303-7207
    Keywords: Autocrine ; Corpus luteum ; Paracrine ; Prostaglandin ; Steroidogenesis
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry 12 (1966), S. 564-572 
    ISSN: 0022-0728
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    ISSN: 0090-6980
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Prostaglandins 35 (1988), S. 31-40 
    ISSN: 0090-6980
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    ISSN: 1433-0458
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Onkogene ; Tumormarker ; DNA-Ploidie ; Ultrastruktur ; Laryxkarzinom ; Key words Oncogenes ; Proliferative markers ; DNA-ploidy ; Laryngeal cancer
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary A comparison was made of the staining intensities of selected immunohistochemical proliferating antigens (p53, PCNA, Ki67), DNA flow-cytometry and ultrastructures of neoplastic cells from 120 cases of laryngeal cancers. Clinically very advanced tumors were in the majority (T3, 43%; T4, 18%). A 5-grade scale was adopted to evaluate the level of immunohistochemical staining of the carcinoma cell nuclei. Positive staining was obtained in 70% for p53, 57% for Ki67 and 80% for PCNA. Sixty-two percent of the cases were DNA-diploid and 38% DNA-aneuploid. The DNA-diploid carcinomas were accompanied by enlargement of the cell nuclei, preservation of wide margins of nuclear heterochromatin, enlargements of the nuclear areas and increases in the number of nuclei. In the aneuploid-polyploid cancers the nuclei had a substantial polymorphism, with large cleaved nuclei showing significant variations in size and having a nuclear envelope. A frequent finding was euchromatization of chromatin. Dense chromatin appeared in the form of small clumps spread over the whole area of these irregular nuclei. Enlargement and activation of nucleoli were found. There was a positive (chi-square) correlation between T- and N-stage and immunohistochemical staining. There was also a positive correlation in staining intensity between p53, Ki67 and PCNA markers and strong correlation between these markers for proliferative activity and the degree of aggressiveness of a tumor.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Dieser Beitrag setzt sich um Ziel, die Profilierungsaktivität der Kehlkopfkrebszellen in bezug auf klinische Befunde zu bestimmen. Im Mittelpunkt unserer Untersuchungen stand das Krebsgewebe von 120 Larynxkarzinompatienten, bei denen eine chirurgische Behandlung, Radiotherapie bzw. kombinierte Therapie vorgenommen wurde. Das klinische Fortschreiten der Krankheit stuften wir bei 39 Kranken als Grad III und bei 31 Fällen als Grad IV ein. Immunhistochemische Untersuchungen führten wir mit der „Avidin-biothin-Methode” durch, wobei Peroxydase als Enzym und Diaminobezidin als Chromogen angewandt wurden. Für die Bestimmung der immunohistochemischen Färbung der Krebszellen benutzten wir eine 5stufige Skala. Eine positive Färbung der Zellkerne des Laynxkrebses mit p53 wurde in 70%, mit Ki67 in 57% und mit PCNA in 80% der Fälle festgestellt. Wir fanden in 38% der Fälle aneuploidale und in 62% diploidale DNA. Mit den ultrastrukturellen Untersuchungen ermittelten wir den individuellen Charakter des Plasmas und der Kerne. Alle aneuploidalen Tumoren zeigten eine starke Färbung der Zellkerne der p53- und Ki67-Gene. Bei der PCNA wurden keine Reaktionen beobachtet. Dabei wurde eine statistisch hoch signifikante Korrelation (p〈0,001) zwischen der Aneuploidie und dem T und N nachgewiesen. Man kann behaupten, daß der angewandte Komplex von Untersuchungstechniken des Krebsgewebes zu einer präziseren Einschätzung seiner biologischen Aktivität beitragen kann.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Salivary gland neoplasms ; Cytokines ; bcl-2 ; Apoptosis ; NK cells
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Certain cytokines are involved in the generation of natural killer (NK) cells and participate in the regulation of the proto-oncogene bcl-2. We aimed to study the mRNA expression of interleukin (IL) -2, IL-4 and IL-5, the composition of the tumour infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL), and the expression of bcl-2 in 14 benign and malignant human parotid tumours. T IL were predominantly composed of T lymphocytes and NK cells. We found evidence for the homing of T cells, and for generation of NK cells in the vicinity of the tumours. mRNA for IL-2 and IL-12, were identified but IL-4 mRNA was not found. The cytokine profiles and the composition of TIL of the two tumour categories were indistinguishable, suggesting that these host-response variables do not explain the differences in biological behaviour of these particular tumours. The results support a shift towards Th1 (T helper 1) cells and interferon-γ production, and that IL-12 also in vivo may play an important role in the regulatory interaction between innate resistance and adaptive immunity in tumour diseases. Most infiltrating lymphocytes showed strong expression of bcl-2; an interesting observation with regard to lymphocytic apoptosis in neoplastic diseases. The immunoreactivity fot the bcl-2 protein varied considerably between and within tumours, and almost all benign tumours showed strong bcl-2 positively whereas several of the malignant tumours showed weak or absent staining. The variable expression of bcl-2 protein suggests a different susceptibility of tumour cells to apoptosis. The results also indicate that bcl-2 cannot play a major role as protective agent in the specific apoptotic pathway induced by NK cells.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    ISSN: 1432-119X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The grading of nuclear atypia has a great and well recognized value when predicting the malignancy of neoplastic processes. Although the basic criteria for the grading are generally agreed upon, in the individual case, the final judgement is to some extent still a matter of subjectivity, which naturally impairs reproducibility. The present paper describes a method for quantification of variability of nuclear size and Feulgen-stainability. By plotting the mean optical density against the area value in a scatterdiagram, a cluster is obtained, the size of which reflects the degree of nuclear atypia. The measurements are performed in tissue sections using stage scanning cytophotometry. A computer program — HISTOSCAN — has been developed which enables measurements in highly cellular tissues. The system is also insensitive to the influence of light scattering, a factor of importance when measuring in tissue sections. The performance of the program is tested in both imprints and tissue sections.
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