Note: Front Cover -- Current Topics in Developmental Biology, Volume 20 -- Copyright Page -- CONTENTS -- Contributors -- Foreword -- Preface -- Introduction: Can Specialized Cells Change Their Phenotype? -- Acknowledgments -- CHAPTER 1. Conversion of Retina Glia Cells into Lenslike Phenotype Following Disruption of Normal Cell Contacts -- I. Introduction -- ll. Keratogenesis in the Chorioallantoic Membrane -- lll. Modification of Retina Cells into Lenslike Phenotype -- References -- CHAPTER 2. Instability in Cell Commitment of Vertebrate Pigmented Epithelial Cells and Their Transdifferentiation into Lens Cells -- I. Introduction -- ll. Stable Differentiated State of Pigmented Epithelial Cells (PECs) -- lll. Transdifferentiation of PECs in Vitro -- IV. Dedifferentiated State of Chick Embryo PECs -- V. Gene Expression in the Process of Transdifferentiation -- VI. Concluding Remarks -- References -- CHAPTER 3. Transdifferentiation of Skeletal Muscle into Cartilage: Transformation or Differentiation? -- I. Introduction -- ll. Skeletal Muscle Differentiation -- lll. Formation of Cartilage by Skeletal Muscle -- IV. Skeletal Muscle Differentiation and Relationship to Satellite Cells -- V. Synthesis of Cartilage Extracellular Matrix -- VI. Origin of the Stimulus to Form Cartilage -- VII. Conclusions -- References -- CHAPTER 4. Transdifferentiated Hepatocytes in Rat Pancreas -- I. Introduction -- ll. Induction of Pancreatic Hepatocytes in Rats -- lll. Morphology of Pancreatic Hepatocytes -- IV. Induction of Peroxisome Proliferation in Pancreatic Hepatocytes -- V. Stability of Pancreatic Hepatocytes -- VI. Histogenesis of Pancreatic Hepatocytes -- VII. Concluding Remarks -- References -- CHAPTER 5. Transdifferentiation of Amphibian Chromatophores -- I. Introduction -- ll. Stability of Cell Commitment in Cultured Melanophores. , lll. Transdifferentiation from Iridophores into Melanophoresin in Clonal Culture -- IV. Transdifferentiation from Xanthophores into Melanophores in Clonal Culture -- V. Proliferation of lridophores without Transdifferentiation into Melanophores -- VI. Reflecting Platelet Formation in Cultured Melanophores -- VII.Concluding Remarks: Conversion between Different Chromatophore Types -- References -- CHAPTER 6. Multipotentiality in Differentiation of the Pineal as Revealed by Cell Culture -- I. Introduction -- ll. "Oculopotency" in Pineal Cells -- lll. Myogenic Potency in Pineal Cells -- IV. Repertoire of Differentiation of Pineals -- References -- CHAPTER 7. Transdifferentiation of Endocrine Chromaffin Cells into Neuronal Cells -- I. Introduction -- ll. Transdifferentiation of Adrenal Chromaffin Cells in Culture -- lll. Transdifferentiation of Adrenal Chromafin Cells in Situ and in Ectopic Sites -- IV. Concluding Remarks -- References -- CHAPTER 8. Neural Crest and Thymic Myoid Cells -- I. Introduction -- ll. Hypotheses on the Origin of Thymic Myoid Cells (TMC) -- lll. Neural Crest and Thymus -- IV. Interspecific Transplantation -- References -- CHAPTER 9. The Potential for Transdifferentiation of Differentiated Medusa Tissues in Vitro -- I. Introduction -- ll. The Isolation of Medusa Tissues -- lll. The Potential for Transdifferentiation -- IV. The Role of Cell Cycles -- V. Concluding Remarks -- References -- CHAPTER 10. The Presence of Extralenticular Crystallins and Its Relationship with Transdifferentation to Lens -- I. Introduction -- ll. Crystallin RNAs in Retina and Other Nonlens Tissues -- lll. Detection of δ-Crystallin RNA by in Situ Hybridization -- IV. Noncoordinate Regulation of Crystallin RNAs during Transdifferentiation -- V. Evolutionary Considerations -- VI. Regulation of δ-Crystallin Gene Expression: Concluding Remarks -- References. , CHAPTER 11. Dual Regulation of Expression of Exogenous δ-Crystallin Gene in Mammalian Cells: A Search for Molecular Background of Instability in Differentiation -- I. Introduction -- ll. The Experimental System -- lll. Dual Regulation of δ-Crystallin Gene -- IV. Expression of Exogenous δ-Crystallin Gene in various Cell Types -- V. Correspondence to the Natural Situation -- VI. Concluding Remarks -- References -- CHAPTER 12. Neurotransmitter Phenotypic Plasticity in the Mammalian Embryo -- I. Introduction -- ll. Transient Expression of Neurotransmitter Phenotype during Normal Development -- lll. Factors Affecting Neurotransmitter Phenotype -- IV. Concluding Remarks -- References -- CHAPTER 13. Development of Neuronal Properties in Neural Crest Cells Cultured in Vitro -- I. Introduction -- ll. Emergence of Cholinergic and Adrenergic Phenotypes in Explanted Neural Crest Cells -- lll. Influence of Environment on Autonomic Differentiation in Cultured Neural Crest Cells -- IV. Plasticity of Neurotransmitter Expression in Developing Peripheral Ganglia -- V. Concluding Remarks -- References -- CHAPTER 14. Phenotypic Diversification in Neural Crest-Derived Cells: The Time and Stability of Commitment during Early Development -- I. Introduction: Cellular Metaplasia Provides an Opportunity to Analyze Phenotypic Stability and Commitment -- ll. The Neural Crest Gives Rise to Diverse Cellular Phenotypes during Embryonic Development -- lll. Neural Crest Cells Undergo a Progressive Series of Developmental Restrictions -- IV. Environmental Modulation of Phenotype in Cultured Crest-Derived Cells Probably Does Not Cause Qualitative Changesin Gene Regulation -- V. Metaplasia by Neural Crest-Derived Cells May Be Useful for Understanding Progressive Developmental Restrictions -- References. , CHAPTER 15. On Neuronal and Glial Differentiation of a Pluripotent Stem Cell Line, RT4-AC: A Branch Determination -- I. Introduction -- ll. Dual or Precocious Expression of Neuronal and Glial Properties in the Stem Cell Type, RT4-AC -- lll. Cell Type Conversion and Coordinate Gene Expression -- IV. Cell Type Conversion of RT4-AC and Enhancement of Gene Expression -- V. Maturational Expression of Genes That Are Not Closed by Cell Type Conversion (or Branch Determination) -- VI. The RT4 System Supports the Notion That the Tumor Has Originated from a Single Neural Stem Cell -- VII. Concluding Remarks -- References -- CHAPTER 16. Transitory Differentiation of Matrix Cells and Its Functional Role in the Morphogenesis of the Developing Vertebrate CNS -- I. Introduction -- ll.Matrix Cells and their proliferation Kinetics -- lll.Major vs Minor Differentiation of Matrix Cells -- IV. Progression of the Major Differentiation in Matrix Cells -- V. Intermediate Filaments as Markers of Cell Differentiation in the Developing CNS -- VI. Bundle Formation of Matrix Cells at Stage II and Its Function in Corticogenesis of the Vertebrate CNS -- VII. Transitory Expression of the Matrix Cell Abnormality in the Reeler Mutation -- VIII. Concluding Remarks -- References -- CHAPTER 17. Prestalk and Prespore Differentiation During Development of Dictyostelium Discoideum -- I. Introduction -- ll. Prestalk and Prespore Cells -- lll. Regulation of Prestalk/Prespore Differentiation -- IV. Differentiation Patterns of Prestalk/Prespore Cells -- V. Prestalk/Prespore Differentiation Tendencies -- VI. Reproductive Strategy of Cell Differentiation -- VII. Concluding Remarks -- References -- CHAPTER 18. Transdifferentiation Occurs Continuously In Adult Hydra -- I. Introduction -- ll. Growth Dynamics -- lll. Epitheliomuscular Cells -- IV. The Nervous System -- V. Conclusion -- References. , CHAPTER 19. Nematocyte Differentiation in Hydra -- I. Introduction -- ll. Position-Dependent Nematocyte Differentiation -- lll. The Instability of Commitment to Nematocytes -- IV. Summary -- References -- CHAPTER 20. The Microenvironment of T And B Lymphocyte Differentiation in Avian Embryos -- I. Introduction -- ll. Cellular Composition of the Early Thymic and Bursa1 Primordia -- lll. The Origin of Lymphocytes in Thymus and Bursa of Fabricius -- IV. The Role of the Bursa of Fabricius in B Lymphocyte Production -- V. Mechanisms of the Seeding of the Primary Lymphoid Organs by Hemopoietic Cells -- VI. Expression of Class II Antigens of the Major Histocompatibility Complex in the Thymus as Studied by the Quail-Chick System -- VII. Concluding Remarks -- References -- CHAPTER 21. Differential Commitment of Hemopoietic Stem Cells Localized in Distinct Compartments of Early Xenopus Embryos -- I. Introduction -- ll. Interstitial Immigration of Lymphoid Stem Cells in Early Thymus Rudiments -- lll. Localization of Hemopoietic Stem Cells in Embryos -- IV. Differential Commitment of VBI and DLP Mesoderms as Hemopoietic Stem Cells -- V. Concluding Remarks -- References -- CHAPTER 22. Probable Dedifferentiation of Mast Cells in Mouse Connective Tissues -- I. Introduction -- ll. Useful Mutant Mice -- lll. In Vitro Cultures -- IV. Differentiation Process -- V. Probable Dedifferentiation -- References -- CHAPTER 23. Instability and Stabilization in Melanoma Cell Differentiation -- I. Introduction: Cell Types -- ll. Commitment in Mouse Melanoma and Other Pigment Cells -- Ill. Perspectives -- IV. Concluding Remarks -- References -- CHAPTER 24. Differentiation of Embryonal Carcinoma Cells: Commitment, Reversibility, and Refractoriness -- I. Introduction -- ll. Criteria for Assessing Differentiation of EC Cells -- lll. Commitment of EC Cells. , IV. Is Differentiation of EC Cells Reversible?.

Note: Front Cover -- Dynamics and Mechanisms of Photoinduced Electron Transfer and Related Phenomena -- Copyright Page -- Table of Contents -- Preface -- The Organizing Committee -- Participants List -- Welcome Address -- Yamada Science Foundation and the Scope of Yamada Conference -- Executive Members of Yamada Science Foundation -- Part 1: FUNDAMENTAL ASPECTS OF ELECTRON TRANSFER AND RELATED PROCESSES I -- Chapter 1. Photoinduced Electron Transfer and Dynamics of Transient Ion Pair States -- Abstract -- 1. INTRODUCTION -- 2. PHOTOINDUCED CS IN LINKED SYSTEMS -- 3. PHOTOINDUCED CS IN UN-LINKED D, A SYSTEMS -- 4. CR DECAY OF GEMINATE IP'S PRODUCED BY PHOTOINDUCED CS -- 5. SPECIAL CASE OF PHOTOINDUCED CS BY VERY WEAK INTERACTION -- ACKNOWLEDGMENT -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 2. Ultrafast Studies on Electron Transfer -- Abstract -- 1. INTRODUCTION -- 2. A SOLVENT COORDINATE FOR ADMA -- 3. EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS -- 4. AN ADIABATIC LE/CT MODEL -- 5. DYNAMICAL SIMULATIONS AND THE PHOTODYNAMICS -- 6. SUMMARY -- ACKNOWLEDGEMENT -- REFERENCES -- DISCUSSION -- Chapter 3. Solvent Dynamics and Charge Transfer Reactions -- Abstract -- 1. INTRODUCTION -- 2. SOLVATION DYNAMICS -- 3. ELECTRON TRANSFER REACTIONS -- 4. NONADIABATIC PROTON TRANSFER -- 5. SN1 IONIC DISSOCIATION -- REFERENCES -- DISCUSSION -- Chapter 4. Photoinduced Electron Transfer in Twisted π-Systems -- Abstract -- 1. INTRODUCTION -- 2. SOLVATOKINETICS AND VARIATION OF INITIAL CONDITIONS IN DIALKYLAMINOBENZONITRILES -- 3. SOLVATOKINETICS AND THE INFLUENCE OF HYPERSURFACE TOPOLOGY -- 4. INTERNAL AND SOLVATION COORDINATE: A MULTIDIMENSIONAL PICTURE -- 5. MULTIDIMENSIONAL TICT FORMATION: PARALLEL PATHWAYS -- 6. REFERENCES -- DISCUSSION -- Chapter 5. On the Energy Gap Law in Electron Transfer Reaction -- Abstract -- 1. INTRODUCTION -- 2. R-DEPENDENCE OF A -- 3. ENERGY GAP LAWS IN THERMAL EQUILIBRIUM. , 4. ENERGY GAP LAW OF THE ET REACTION IN NON-THERMAL EQUILIBRIUM -- 5. SOLVENT DYNAMICAL EFFECTS IN THE NON-LINEAR RESPONSE SYSTEMS -- 6. DISCUSSIONS -- 7. REFERENCES -- DISCUSSION -- Chapter 6. Solvent Effects on the Rate vs Free Energy Dependence of Photoinduced Charge Separation in Fixed-Distance Donor-Acceptor Molecules -- Abstract -- 1. INTRODUCTION -- 2. EXPERIMENTAL -- 3. RESULTS -- 4. DISCUSSION -- 5. CONCLUSIONS -- 6. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT -- 7. REFERENCES -- DISCUSSION -- Chapter 7. Primary Charge Separation in Photosynthetic Bacterial Reaction Centers and Femtosecond Solvation Dynamics -- 1. INTRODUCTION -- 2. EXPERIMENTAL -- 3. PRIMARY ELECTRON TRANSFER IN BACTERIAL REACTION CENTERS -- 4. SOLVATION DYNAMICS ON FEMTOSECOND TIME SCALES -- ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS -- REFERENCES -- DISCUSSION -- Chapter 8. Picosecond Solvation Dynamics of Electrons in Several Alcohols -- Abstract -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Experimental -- 3. Results and Discussion -- Chapter 9. Monte Carlo Simulation Study on Solvation Energy of Ionic Molecule, Reorganization Energy of Electron Transfer Reactions and Mean Ion-pair Potential -- Abstract -- 1. INTRODUCTION -- 2. SOLVATION ENERGY -- 3. REORGANIZATION ENERGY -- 4. MEAN ION-PAIR POTENTIAL -- 5. CONCLUSION -- Acknowledgement -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 10. TICT Molecules in a Free Jet -- Abstract -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Potential Energy Curve for the Twisting Motion -- 3. Typical TICT Molecules -- Acknowledgment -- References -- Chapter 11. Femtosecond-Picosecond Laser Photolysis Studies on Proton Transfer Dynamics in Solutions -- ABSTRACT -- 1. PREFACE -- 2. EXPERIMENTAL -- 3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION -- ACKNOWLEDGEMENT -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 12. Dynamics of Double Proton Transfer Reaction in the Excited State of Hydrogen Bonded Dimers as Studied in a Supersonic Jet -- Abstract -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Experimental. , 3. Results and Discussion -- 4. Conclusions -- 5. Acknowledgement -- 6. References -- Part 2: FUNDAMENTAL ASPECTS OF ELECTRON TRANSFER AND RELATED PROCESSES II -- Chapter 13. Effects of Fast Intramolecular Vibrations on Rates of Nonthermalized Reactions Dependent on Solvation Dynamics through Viscosity -- Abstract -- 1. SLOW FLUCTUATIONS OF MOLECULAR ARRANGEMENTS IN THE SOLVATED STATE -- 2. FRACTIONAL-POWER DEPENDENCE OF THE RATE CONSTANT ON THE SOLVENT VISCOSITY -- 3. EFFECTS OF FAST VIBRATIONAL FLUCTUATIONS OF INTRAMOLECULAR ATOMIC ARRANGEMENTS IN THE SOLVATED STATE -- 4. SUMI-MARCUS MODEL FOR k(X) -- 5. DISCUSSION -- 6. REFERENCES -- DISCUSSION -- Chapter 14. Solvation Dynamics in Electron-Transfer and Femtosecond Nonlinear Spectroscopy -- Abstract -- I. Introduction -- II. Response Functions in Nonlinear Optical Spectroscopy and Electron-Transfer -- III. A Multimode Brownian Oscillator Model for Hole-Burning Spectroscopy -- IV. The Multimode Electron-Transfer Rate -- Acknowledgements -- References -- Chapter 15. Intramolecular Charge Transfer as Revealed by Results from the Measurement of Ground and Excited State Dipole Moments -- Abstract -- 1. INTRODUCTION -- 2. THEORETICAL -- 3. EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS AND DISCUSSION -- 4. REFERENCES -- DISCUSSION -- Chapter 16. Inter- and Intramolecular Exciplexes Studied by Single Photon Timing and Laser Induced Optoaccoustic Spectroscopy -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Experimental -- Results and Discussion -- Intramolecular exciplex formation of 1-(1-pyrenyl)-3-(indolyl)propanes -- The decay of intramolecular exciplexes with indole chromophores -- Acknowledgments -- References -- DISCUSSION -- Chapter 17. On the Non-exponential Behavior of Intramolecular Electron Transfer Processes in Polar Solvents -- Abstract -- 1. INTRODUCTION -- 2. EXPERIMENTAL -- 3. TIME RESOLVED ABSORPTION SPECTRA. , 4. DECAY CURVES OF THE LE FLUORESCENCE -- ACKNOWLEDGEMENT -- REFERENCES -- DISCUSSION -- Chapter 18. Condensed Phase Studies of Radical Ions in Photoionization and Radiolysis -- Abstract -- 1. INTRODUCTION -- 2. RADICAL IONS IN PHOTOIONIZATION -- 3. MECHANISM OF "HIGH-ENERGY" CHEMISTRY -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- REFERENCES -- DISCUSSION -- Chapter 19. Magnetokinetic Investigations of Spin-forbidden Electron Back Transfer in Exciplexes and Radical Pairs -- Abstract -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Solvent Dependence of Free Radical Yield -- 3. Magnetokinetic Effects on Spinforbidden BET -- 4. Solvent Viscosity Dependence of Magnetic Field Effect -- 5. Solvent Polarity Dependence of Magnetic Field Effect -- Acknowledgement -- References -- DISCUSSION -- Chapter 20. Intramolecular Electron Transfers in Bimetalated Compounds of Ru(ll) and Rh(III) -- Abstract -- 1. Introduction -- 2. CT excited state of binuclear ruthenium compounds [Ru(bpy)2]2(bpbimH2)4+ and [Ru(bpy)2]2(dpimbH2)4+ -- 3. Intramolecular ET in Photoexcited RuL2(L-L)Rhl'2 5+ -- 4. Intramolecular ET in Excited RuL2(L-LH2)4+ -- 5. Role of Vibronic Interaction between Electron Acceptor and Electron Donor in ET -- ACKNOWLEDGEMENT -- REFERENCES -- DISCUSSION -- Chapter 21. Excited-State Relaxation of Ruthenium (II) Complexes at Low Temperature -- Abstract -- 1. INTRODUCTION -- 2. TEMPERATURE AND PRESSURE EFFECTS ON EMISSION SPECTRA -- 3. SOLVENT INTERACTION IN THE MLCT EXCITED STATE -- 4. EXCITED-STATE RELAXATION OF Ru(II) COMPLEXES -- 5. CONCLUSION -- NOTE AND ACKNOWLEDGEMENT -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 22. Transient Hole-Burning Spectra of Organic Dyes in Solution -- Abstract -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Configuration Coordinate Model -- 3. Experimental Procedures -- 4. Experimental Results and Discussion -- References. , Chapter 23. Theoretical Studies of Excited State Intramolecular Electron Transfer in Polar Solvents -- 1. INTRODUCTION -- 2. FREE ENERGY SURFACES FOR TICT STATE FORMATION OF DMABN -- 3. DIELECTRIC RELAXATION DYNAMICS INDUCED BY THE IONIZATION OF DMA -- 4. GENERALIZED LANGEVIN DESCRIPTION OF SURFACE HOPPING PROCESSES -- 5. CONCLUSION -- 6. REFERENCES -- Chapter 24. Microscopic Solvation of 9,9'-Bianthryl Studied in its Clusters with Polar Molecules -- Abstract -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Experimental -- 3. Results and discussion -- References -- Part 3: ELECTRON AND ENERGY TRANSFER IN MOLECULAR AGGREGATES AND POLYMERS -- Chapter 25. Relaxation in Spatially-Restricted Structures -- Abstract -- 1. INTRODUCTION -- 2. MODELS FOR STRETCHED EXPONENTIALS [15] -- 3. EXTENSIONS OF DET TO RESTRICTED GEOMETRIES [25] -- 4. APPLICATIONS [2,10] -- REFERENCES -- DISCUSSION -- Chapter 26. Photoinduced Charge Transfer Dynamics in Poly(N-vinylcarbazole) Films -- Abstract -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Fluorescence Spectroscopic Study -- 3. Absorption Spectroscopic Study -- 4. Photoinduced Charge Transfer Mechanism -- 5. References -- DISCUSSION -- Chapter 27. Photoinduced Electron Transfer: Fundamental Differences between Homogeneous Phase and Organized Monolayers -- Abstract -- 1. INTRODUCTION -- 2. PHOTOINDUCED ELECTRON TRANSFER IN HOMOGENEOUS SOLUTION -- 3. LONG-RANGE PHOTOINDUCED ELECTRON TRANSFER IN MONOLAYER SYSTEMS -- 4. PARTICULAR PROPERTIES OF MONOLAYER SYSTEMS -- 5. CONCLUSION -- 6. REFERENCES -- DISCUSSION -- Chapter 28. Fractals and Excitation Transfer in Molecular Assemblies -- Abstract -- 1. INTRODUCTION -- 2. EXCITATION RELAXATION PROCESSES IN MOLECULAR ASSEMBLIES -- 3. EXCITATION TRANSFER IN 2D SYSTEM -- 4. INTERLAYER EXCITATION TRANSPORT IN LB MULTILAYERS [ 9 ] -- 5. COMPARISON BETWEEN BIOLOGICAL ANTENNA AND ARTIFICIAL MULTILAYER FILMS [ 3 , 9 ]. , 6. REFERENCES.