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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    William James on the Courage to Believe (1997)
    New York : Fordham University Press
    Details Availability
    Keywords: Electronic books
    Description / Table of Contents: Cover -- WILLIAM JAMES ON THE COURAGE TO BELIEVE -- Title -- Copyright -- Dedication -- Contents -- Preface -- Acknowledgments -- Abbreviations -- Introduction -- 1. The Argument of "The Will to Believe -- 2. On Matter and Manner -- 3. James and Pascal -- 4. Is It "Wishful Thinking"? -- 5. Outcomes and Over-beliefs -- 6. The Precursive Force of Over-beliefs -- 7. The Strata of the Passional -- 8. The Metaphors of Belief -- Epilogue: On Becoming Humanly Wise -- Appendix A: "The Will to Believe" and James's "Deontological Streak -- Appendix B: Faith and Facts in James's "Will to Believe -- Appendix C: James's Voluntarism: Readiness, Willingness, or Will to Believe? -- Index.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: 1 online resource (240 pages)
    Edition: 1st ed.
    ISBN: 9780823282814
    Series Statement: American Philosophy Ser.
    URL: https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/kxp/detail.action?docID=4679925
    DDC: 121/.6
    Language: English
    Note: Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Time: research necessities make it hard to keep track (2007)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 450 (2007), S. 161-161 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Sir Plans to impose effort-reporting on scientists, as mentioned in your Editorial 'On the paper trail' and News story 'Researchers criticized for poor time-keeping' (〈weblink url="/nature/journal/v449/n7162/full/449508a.html"〉Nature 449, 508 and 〈weblink ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/450161a
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Electrophysiological Responses of Olfactory Receptor Neurons to Stimulation with Mixtures of Individual Pheromone Components (1987)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 510 (1987), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1749-6632
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.1987.tb43470.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A Comparative Study of the Neurophysiological Response Characteristics of Olfactory Receptor Neurons in Two Species of Noctuid Moths (1987)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 510 (1987), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1749-6632
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.1987.tb43540.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Responses to pheromone blends in insect olfactory receptor neurons (1985)
    Springer
    Journal of comparative physiology 156 (1985), S. 747-761 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1351
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary 1. The electrical activity of the two olfactory receptor neurons in individual pheromone-sensitive sensilla on the antennae of male cabbage looper moths (Trichoplusia ni) was monitored extracellularly. Responses to single and multiple component stimuli containing up to three of the seven behaviorally active compounds for this species were obtained at several different stimulus intensities. 2. Neurons which produced large amplitude action potentials (A neurons) were more responsive to (Z)7-dodecenyl acetate, a major component of the female pheromone gland, than were their companion B receptor neurons. B receptor neurons were more responsive to (Z)7-dodecenol, a behavioral inhibitor of male orientation to calling females. Neither neuron was particularly responsive to stimuli containing only dodecyl acetate, a minor component of female glands, which has powerful synergistic effects on male behavior. 3. Some blends of these three compounds elicited responses which were not readily predicted from a knowledge of the cells' responses to individual components of the blend. 4. The average A receptor neuron was significantly more responsive to the blend containing (Z)7-dodecenyl acetate and 10% dodecyl acetate than it was to either component alone or, for that matter, to the algebraic sum of their individual responses. These enhancements were intensity-dependent, occurring to a significant extent only in the middle portion of a neuron's dose-response function. Although A recpetor neurons are not particularly responsive to either (Z)7-dodecenol or dodecyl acetate, a binary mixture of these components elicited significantly smaller responses than expected. Blends which contained all three compounds elicited responses in A receptor neurons which were also significantly smaller than those expected. These reductions were dose-dependent and occurred most reliably at the middle of the dose-response function. 5. The responses of B receptor neurons to blends were more variable than those obtained simultaneously in A receptor neurons. Although all of the various alterations in discharge magnitude observed in the typical A receptor neuron response to blend stimulation were seen in some fraction of the B receptor neurons sampled, only the trinary blend elicited responses which were significantly different from those expected. These reductions in the response of B receptor neurons were also intensity-dependent because they were more reliably observed in the middle portion of the neurons' dose-response function. 6. The sensory processing of complex chemical signals by the insect olfactory system has been postulated to involve a set of narrowly tuned, highly specific olfactory receptor neurons, one for each of the behaviorally relevant component compounds in the pheromone blend. Here we show that olfactory receptor neurons may also be responsive in unique ways to multiple component stimuli even in cases where an individual behaviorally relevant pheromone component is not processed by a separate class of receptor neuron.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00610828
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The contribution of olfactory receptor neurons to the perception of pheromone component ratios in male redbanded leafroller moths (1988)
    Springer
    Journal of comparative physiology 163 (1988), S. 641-650 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1351
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary (Z)-11-tetradecenyl acetate (Z-11, 14:AC) must be in a 100∶9 ratio with (E)-11-tetradecenyl acetate (E-11,14:AC) to produce maximal wing fanning and attraction in male redbanded leafrollers. Earlier electrophysiological studies had indicated that mixtures of these pheromone components elicited responses from olfactory receptor neurons that appeared to differ from those expected on the basis of the responses to the individual components. Here we evaluate whether the behavioral sensitivity to particular ratios of Z- and E-11,14:AC has a correlate in the response properties of olfactory receptor neurons. The stimuli included the ratios of Z- and E-11, 14:AC used in earlier behavioral work plus several different mixtures of the seven components found in the pheromone blend, and equivalent amounts of the individual components. These stimuli were presented over a range of intensities to individual trichoid sensilla on the male antenna. In common with earlier results, the receptor neuron with the larger amplitude action potential responded most strongly to Z-11,14:AC, whereas the companion receptor neuron in the sensillum responded most strongly to E-11,14:AC. In contrast with earlier results, each receptor neuron responded exclusively to its own most effective stimulus, without regard to the presence of any other compound. They failed to respond uniquely to any of the other five compounds in the female pheromone blend, or to any of the tested combinations of these compounds. These minor components also failed to modulate the responses elicited in receptor neurons by appropriate ratios of Z- and E-11,14:AC. Thus, the responses of the two types of olfactory receptor neurons found in trichoid sensilla failed to show an optimum at the pheromone ratio known to elicit peak behavioral activity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00603848
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Temporal analysis of adaptation in moth (Trichoplusia ni) pheromone receptor neurons (1992)
    Springer
    Journal of comparative physiology 170 (1992), S. 691-700 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1351
    Keywords: Adaptation ; Temporal pattern ; Olfaction ; Insect ; Pheromone ; Receptor neuron
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The temporal pattern of response in chemoreceptor neurons reflects both the temporal distribution of stimuli and the timing of signal transduction, action potential generation and propagation. Here we analyze the temporal characteristics of the responses elicited in pheromone receptor neurons by computer-controlled rectangular pulses of odorant. Extracellular recordings from the HS sensilla trichodea on the antenna of male Trichoplusia ni reveal the activity of two neurons: the “A” neuron, which responds to the major component of the female pheromone blend, (Z)7-dodecenyl acetate and the “B” neuron, which responds to (Z)7-dodecenol. “B” neurons were divided into two classes (HR, LR), based on the magnitude and temporal pattern of their response to (Z)7-dodecenol. Most “A” and HR “B” neurons responded to rectangular pulses of various durations (0.1–40 s) with an initial phasic burst (∼100 ms), followed by a slowly declining tonic component. At moderate and elevated pheromone doses, prolonged stimulation resulted in significant reductions in the tonic response levels (adaptation); stimuli of increasing duration effected greater adaptation. Most LR “B” neurons lacked a phasic response component and showed virtually no adaptation with prolonged stimulation. Pheromone receptor neurons may differ in both their spectral and temporal response properties which may provide the animal with additional sensory information for blend discrimination and spatial orientation in complex natural pheromone plumes. The potential functional value of adaptation in the moth pheromone communication system is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00198979
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Paradigm lost (1993)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 365 (1993), S. 780-780 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] SIR - Philip Siekevitz, in his letter headed "Love or money"? (Nature 364, 477; 1993), notes the growing habit of pharmaceutical companies who buy the rights to exploit the scientific findings of independent research institutes, many of which have long received substantial support from public ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/365780b0
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A comparative study of pheromone perception in two species of Noctuid moths (1988)
    Springer
    Journal of insect behavior 1 (1988), S. 75-96 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8889
    Keywords: Trichoplusia ni ; Pseudoplusia includens ; Noctuidae ; Plusiinae ; reproductive isolation ; pheromone ; perception ; electrophysiology ; olfactory receptor neurons
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The electrical activity of single olfactory receptor neurons in male soybean looper (SBL) Pseudoplusia includens(Walker) and cabbage looper (CL) Trihoplusia ni(Hübner) moths was evaluated in response to stimulation with fixed amounts of the individual components of their respective pheromone blends. In common with earlier observations in the CL, there are at least two classes of morphologically distinct pheromone sensitive sensilla on the antenna of male SBL, each of which contains two olfactory receptor neurons. In both species, one class of sensilla contains an olfactory receptor neuron sensitive to (Z)-7-dodecen-1-ol acetate (Z-7, 12:AC), the major component in each insect's blend, and a companion receptor neuron which is sensitive to (Z)-7-dodecen-1-ol (Z7,12: OH). In both species the second class of sensilla contains an olfactory receptor neuron which is sensitive to one of the minor components of the pheromone blend. (Z)-5-dodecen-1-ol acetate (Z-5,12:AC) is an effective stimulus in SBL, whereas (Z)-7-tetradecen-1-ol acetate (Z-7,14:AC) is an effective stimulus in CL. However, these two stimulatory compounds have been identified only in the female CL gland; neither has been found in the SBL gland. Thus, in contrast to the CL, which has receptor neurons which are responsive exclusively to conspecific pheromone components, the SBL has a class of receptor neurons which is responsive to a minor component of another species' pheromone blend. Field-trapping assays in which Z-5,12:AC is added to the SBL blend suggest that this single CL component is a powerful inhibitor of male SBL behavioral responses to conspecific pheromone blends. The difference observed in the specificity of the receptor neurons in this second class of sensilla are thus believed to play an integral role in the isolation processes that are maintained between these two species and may well account for the observed behavioral differences in their responses to heterospecific pheromone blends.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01052505
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pheromone-mediated sexual selection in the mothUtetheisa ornatrix: Olfactory receptor neurons responsive to a male-produced pheromone (1989)
    Springer
    Journal of insect behavior 2 (1989), S. 371-385 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8889
    Keywords: Utethesia ; male-produced pheromone ; olfactory receptor neurons ; sexual selection ; electrophysiology
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Male Utetheisa ornatrixhave a pair of eversible glandular brushes (coremata) which are displayed during precopulatory interactions with the female. Earlier studies have shown that a pheromone associated with the coremata, hydroxydanaidal (HD), is derived by the males from pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PAs) that they sequester as larvae from their foodplants (Crotalariaspp.) The PAs impart a “distastefulness” upon Utetheisathat protects both larvae and adults against predation. The receptor neurons specialized for detection of HD are housed in sensilla whose morphological features, as revealed by scanning electron microscopy, classify them as sensilla basiconica. The sensitivity and dynamic range of these receptor neurons were largely unaffected by whether the females were raised on an alkaloid-free diet or on a diet supplemented with Crotalariaseeds. Acetylation of the hydroxyl group of HD substantially reduced the activity of the molecule. None of the antennal sensilla examined contained receptor neurons sensitive to a PA (monocrotaline) or its N-oxide.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01068062
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