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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Apolipoprotein E Polymorphism and Plasma Lipid Levels in Native Mongolian Sheep (1999)
    Springer
    Biochemical genetics 37 (1999), S. 357-368 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4927
    Keywords: APOLIPOPROTEIN E ; GENETIC POLYMORPHISM ; PLASMA LIPIDS ; ISOELECTRIC FOCUSING ; MONGOLIAN NATIVE SHEEP
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Apolipoprotein E (apoE) phenotypes weredetermined in 199 unrelated native sheep (Khalkhas line)of Central Mongolia, using a polyacrylamide gelisoelectric focusing-immunoblotting technique, and theplasma lipid levels in different phenotypes wereassayed enzymatically. Twenty-eight phenotypes wereidentified in this sheep. In addition to all thepreviously detected seven apoE variants composing thephenotypes, four new variants were discovered, which werecalled E8, E9, E10, and E11. From the population data,these were found to be genetically controlled by fourcodominant alleles, designated APOE8,APOE9, APOE10,and APOE11, based on the same modeof inheritance as in the seven variants. These alleleswere detected at a low frequency, in the range of 0.005to 0.0126. The Khalkhas sheep differed mostsignificantly from the Baruwal and Lampuchhre sheep of Nepaland the Vietnamese sheep with respect to the allelefrequencies found in some Asian local sheep previouslyexamined. Type 1/1 and/or 2/7 sheep had significantly higher plasma levels of total cholesterol andlow-density lipoprotein cholesterol than type 7/7 sheep(P 〈 0.05 and/or P 〈0.02).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1018767512483
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Electrophoretically estimated genetic distance and divergence time between chimpanzee and man (1982)
    Springer
    Primates 23 (1982), S. 432-443 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-8332
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Amount of genetic differentiation between chimpanzee and man was estimated from the result of comparative electrophoretic screening of blood protein variations at 32 independent genetic loci. TheNei's genetic distance (D) was calculated as 0.4514, and from this value the divergence time between the two species was estimated as 2.26 million years; considering the variation among amino-acid substitution rate in different proteins, the corrected figures were given as genetic distance of 0.5706 and divergence time of 2.85 million years. This genetic difference is considered too small the two species to be allocated in different families, in accordance with the results of the similar kind of analyses byKing andWilson (1975) and Bruce andAyala (1979). Discussions were made for a discrepancy between the divergence times estimated by using and not by using the splitting time recognized by paleoprimatologists as a reference, and for the difference in the estimations made in different laboratories.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02381325
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Genetic polymorphisms of blood proteins in the troops of Japanese macaques,Macaca fuscata: IV. Erythrocyte esterase polymorphism inMacaca fuscata (1975)
    Springer
    Primates 16 (1975), S. 399-404 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-8332
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Genetic variation at the locus controlling A1 band of erythrocyte esterase was found in the Japanese macaque,Macaca fuscata. Existence of four alleles,Es-A 1 1 ,Es-A 1 2 ,Es-A 1 3 , andEs-A 1 4 , controlling the mobility of the band and codominance relation between them were postulated. A majority of the troops examined were monomorphic inEs-A 1 1-1 phenotype, and the variant phenotypes were observed to occur only in Yugawara-Ihama, Arashiyama, and Koshima areas.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02382738
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Genetic differentiation among three genera of family cercopithecidae (1982)
    Springer
    Primates 23 (1982), S. 272-286 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-8332
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The degree of genetic differentiation among three genera of cercopithecines,Macaca, Papio andCercopithecus, was quantified by the electrophoretic analyses of blood protein variations controlled by 29 genetic loci. The estimates ofNei's standard genetic distance between the pair of species belonging to different genera were in a range of 0.48–0.90. It was found that the degree of genetic differentiation between different genera of cercopithecines was comparable to those between congeneric species of other animal groups. This work failed, however, to determine definitely the branching order of the lineages of the three genera.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02381166
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Genetic polymorphisms in blood proteins in the troops of Japanese macaques,Macaca fuscata: I. cytoplasmic malate dehydrogenase polymorphism inMacaca fuscata and other non-human primates (1974)
    Springer
    Primates 15 (1974), S. 219-226 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-8332
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Asbtract The socio-ecology ofMacaca fuscata has been extensively studied. The existence of field-observational data makes this non-human primate a suitable subject for population genetic studies. Our work focused on an electrophoretic analysis of variants in the blood proteins of Japanese macaques. We detected some variants of cytoplasmic MDH in a few troops of Japanese macaques. These variant phenotypes seem to be controlled by two different mutant alleles and were named MDHmac 2-2, 2-1, 3-3, and 3-1, the normal phenotype being MDHmac 1-1. The MDH mac 2 allele was found in the Yugawara and Ryozenyama troops and the MDH mac 3 allele was found in the Fukushima and Takahama troops. Co-existence of MDH mac 2 and MDH mac 3 alleles in the same troop was not observed. Primate species other thanMacaca fuscata were also tested for MDH isozymes. It was found that the rhesus monkey,Macaca mulatta and the white handed gibbon,Hylobates lar contained mutant alleles of MDH isozymes, MDH mac 2′ and MDH hl 4 , respectively.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01742283
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Book reviews (1984)
    Springer
    Primates 25 (1984), S. 127-129 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-8332
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02382304
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Average coefficient of relationship within troops of the Japanese monkey and other primate species with reference to the possibility of group selection (1984)
    Springer
    Primates 25 (1984), S. 171-184 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-8332
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The average coefficient of relationship within troops of the Japanese monkey (Macaca fuscata) is .1667±.0433; this corresponds to anF ST between troops of .0935±.0277. The estimate is based on polymorphic variation at 12 blood protein loci in a sample of about 1,500 individuals distributed over 33 troops. The average coefficient of relationship among adult females (the sedentary sex) is .1886±.0670 and that among adult males (immigrants) is .1067±.0382. The difference, though not statistically significant, is in the direction expected from the observed sex asymmetry in dispersal. We give an approximate formula for the coefficient of relationship between specified relatives. The coefficient of relationship in the Japanese monkey is compared with corresponding estimates in five other terrestrial primate species and in tribal man. It is suggested that the best informed guess of the average coefficient of relationship within bands of Pleistocene man may have been about 10 to 15%. This estimate is relevant to the possibility of the evolution of altruism in our ancestors by group selection.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02382389
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Probability of paternity exclusion and the number of loci needed to determine the fathers in a troop of macaques (1986)
    Springer
    Primates 27 (1986), S. 103-114 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-8332
    Keywords: Paternity determination ; Probability of paternity exclusion ; Macaques ; Electrophoresis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract We calculated the probability of paternity exclusion (P) in 6 troops of rhesus and Japanese macaques housed in open enclosures and 68 wild troops of Japanese, crab-eating, and toque macaques using 33 genetic loci which encoded the blood protein variations detected by electrophoretic techniques. In the open enclosures, especially of rhesus troops, we obtained a fairly high probability of paternity exclusion and succeeded in determining the fathers of offspring. However, we found significant differences between the observed and calculated probabilities in most of the troops. These differences were ascribed to a situation whereby the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium had not been attained in the troops and/or the numbers of variable loci were too small. In the wild troops of Japanese, crab-eating, and toque macaques, the means ofP were 0.2274 (0.0192–0.5017), 0.4635 (0.1676–0.7151), and 0.7382 (0.6266–0.7954), respectively. We also estimated the number of loci needed to determine the fathers of offspring with a probability of 0.8 assuming that ten males were present in the troop. The estimated number was about 13.5 times, 5 times and 1.8 times the number of loci examined on average in the troops of Japanese, crab-eating and toque macaques, respectively. This means that determination of most of the fathers of offspring in wild troops of these macaques, even of toque macaques which have a rather high probability of paternity exclusion, is difficult so long as we employ only electrophoretic techniques.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02382526
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hb Izu (Macaca)β83 (EF 7) Gly→Cys: The major hemoglobin of the Japanese monkey (Macaca fuscata) in a troop at Shimokita, the northernmost limit of its habitat (1985)
    Springer
    Primates 26 (1985), S. 471-478 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-8332
    Keywords: Hemoglobin ; Variant hemoglobin ; Macaca fuscata ; Hb Izu (Macaca) ; Primates
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract A hemoglobin variant was discovered in Japanese monkeys (Macaca fuscata) of the Wakinosawa A-1 troop of the Shimokita peninsula, the northernmost limit of this species' habitat. The variant was characterized by slow migration on starch gel electrophoresis due to its polymerizing nature. Structural analysis revealed that Gly at the 83rd amino acid residue of theβ chain was substituted by Cys, and the variant was identified as Hb Izu (Macaca). The gene frequency of the variant was extremely high, at 85.7%, and much higher than the 21.3% obtained for the troops of the Izu peninsula. The genotypic frequencies in the troops of both the Izu and Shimokita peninsulas agreed with expectations as calculated from the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02382461
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Population genetical study of Japanese macaques,Macaca fuscata, in the shimokita A1 troop, with special reference to genetic variability and relationships to Japanese macaques in other troops (1987)
    Springer
    Primates 28 (1987), S. 507-516 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-8332
    Keywords: Japanese macaques ; Electrophoresis ; Population structure ; Polymorphism
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The genetic variations of 35 individuals of the Shimokita A1 troop of mainland Japanese macaques,Macaca fuscata fuscata, which live at the northern end of the habitat of the species, were investigated using 33 electrophoretically detectable blood protein loci. Among the loci examined, six were polymorphic. The average heterozygosity per individual was calculated as 0.0442. This was the highest value among all troops of Japanese macaques so far investigated. The mainland macaques of the Shimokita A1 troop were more differentiated genetically from other mainland macaque troops than were Yaku macaques, the subspeciesM. f. yakui.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02380864
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