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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    A New Approach to the Nuclear Fuel Cycle : Best Practices for Security, Nonproliferation, and Sustainable Nuclear Energy. (2015)
    Blue Ridge Summit :Center for Strategic & International Studies,
    Details
    Keywords: Spent reactor fuels - Security measures. ; Electronic books.
    Description / Table of Contents: The Nuclear Threat Initiative and the Center for Strategic and International Studies joined to launch the New Approaches to the Fuel Cycle project. This project sought to build consensus on common goals, address practical challenges, and engage a spectrum of actors that influence policymaking regarding the nuclear fuel cycle.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: 1 online resource (85 pages)
    Edition: 1st ed.
    ISBN: 9781442240544
    Series Statement: CSIS Reports
    URL: https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/geomar/detail.action?docID=1974881
    DDC: 333.7924
    Language: English
    Note: Intro -- Tables and Figures -- Acknowledgments -- About the New Approaches to the Fuel Cycle Project -- Foreword -- Executive Summary -- Introduction -- 1. The Need for a New Approach: Current Proliferation and Security Risks -- The Fuel Cycle and the Current Nonproliferation Regime -- The Politics of Tightening Restrictions -- What Can Be Influenced? -- 2. Current Nuclear Fuel Cycle Market Structure and Dynamics -- 3. Past Proposals to Reduce Risks -- Front End of the Fuel Cycle -- Back End of the Fuel Cycle: Reprocessing and Spent Fuel Disposal -- Storage and Disposal -- 4. A New Approach to the Nuclear Fuel Cycle -- Objectives for Production (Enrichment and Reprocessing) -- Objectives for Use of Fissile Material -- Objectives for Disposal -- Elements of a Best Practices Approach -- Applying Best Practices -- Building Support for a New Approach -- Appendix: Nuclear Fuel Cycle Primer -- About CSIS and NTI -- About the Authors.
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    GEOMAR EBL
  • 2
    Microfilm
    Microfilm
    Geodetic and seismic constraints on some seismogenic zone processes in Costa Rica (2004)
    Associated volumes
    Details Availability
    In: Journal of geophysical research / B, Washington, DC : Union, 1978, 0148-0227
    Description / Table of Contents: New seismic and geodetic data from Costa Rica provide insight into seismogenic zone processes in Central America, where the Cocos and Caribbean plates converge. Seismic data are from combined land and ocean bottom deployments in the Nicoya peninsula in northern Costa Rica and near the Osa peninsula in southern Costa Rica. In Nicoya, inversion of GPS data suggests two locked patches centered at 14 ± 2 and 39 ± 6 km depth. Interplate microseismicity is concentrated in the more freely slipping intermediate zone, suggesting that small interseismic earthquakes may not accurately outline the updip limit of the seismogenic zone, the rupture zone for future large earthquakes, at least over the short (~1 year) observation period. We also estimate northwest motion of a coastal "sliver block" at 8 ± 3 mm/yr, probably related to oblique convergence. In the Osa region to the south, convergence is orthogonal to the trench. Cocos-Caribbean relative motion is partitioned here, with ~8 cm/yr on the Cocos-Panama block boundary (including a component of permanent shortening across the Fila Costeña fold and thrust belt) and ~1 cm/yr on the Panama blockCaribbean boundary. The GPS data suggest that the Cocos platePanama block boundary is completely locked from ~10-50 km depth. This large locked zone, as well as associated forearc and back-arc deformation, may be related to subduction of the shallow Cocos Ridge and/or younger lithosphere compared to Nicoya, with consequent higher coupling and compressive stress in the direction of plate convergence.
    Type of Medium: Microfilm
    Pages: graph. Darst
    ISSN: 0148-0227
    DOI: 10.1029/2003JB002931
    Language: English
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Activation of concanavalin A by lanthanide ions (1975)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Biochemistry 14 (1975), S. 2191-2196 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-4995
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bi00681a023
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Internal promoters of the rpoBC operon of Escherichia coli (1981)
    Springer
    Molecular genetics and genomics 184 (1981), S. 548-550 
    Details
    ISSN: 1617-4623
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Four ribosomal protein genes, rplA, rplJ, rplK and rplL form an operon in E. coli together with the genes rpoB and rpoC which encode the β and β′ subunits of RNA polymerase. Transcription is initiated principally at two promoters, P L11 and P1, the overall structure of the operon being (in the direction of transcription) P L11 rplK rplA P1 rplJ rplL rpoB rpoC. Here we describe studies of phage λ derivatives carrying various segments of this operon, which demonstrate the existence of at least three additional weak internal promoters, and help to define their positions and strengths.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00352538
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Evidence for Co-transcription of the RNA polymerase genes rpoBC with a ribosomal protein gene of Escherichia coli (1979)
    Springer
    Molecular genetics and genomics 169 (1979), S. 195-204 
    Details
    ISSN: 1617-4623
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The adjacent genes rpoB and rpoC code for the β and β′ subunits of RNA polymerase in Escherichia coli, and are cotranscribed in the order given. The nearest known genes to rpoB are rplL and rplA,J,K, which code for ribosomal proteins, and which are transcribed in the same direction as the polymerase genes. It has been suggested that rpoBC may be distal elements of a larger operon including these ribosomal genes. To test this possibility we have cloned a segment of DNA, derived by endoR. HindIII digestion from the rpoBC-transducing bacteriophage λrif d 18, in the replacement vector NMλ761. The structure of the λrpoBC bacteriophages so produced is such that the inserted DNA can be transcribed from λ promoters, allowing us to confirm that it carries intact rplL, rpoB, and rpoC genes. We have studied these bacteriophages as lysogens in rec + and rec bacteria, and by infection of UV-irradiated bacterial strains in which λ promoters are either repressed or active. The results indicate that the cloned DNA contains at most a very weak promoter for the above genes, in contrast to that present in the larger segment of bacterial DNA carried by λrif d 18. We have in the same way cloned the adjacent bacterial HindIII-fragment of λrif d 18 DNA, and have found that it displays vigorous autonomous expression of the tufB, rplA, and rplK genes. We conclude that rpoB and C are obligatorily co-transcribed with rplL, from a promoter located outside the DNA segment cloned in λrpoBC. We discuss the evidence for the existence of a regulatory site, rpoU, located between rplL and rpoB.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00271671
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cloning of DNA of the rpoBC operon from the chromosome of Escherichia coli K12 (1980)
    Springer
    Molecular genetics and genomics 177 (1980), S. 527-533 
    Details
    ISSN: 1617-4623
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary We provide evidence that, in terms of transcriptional organisation, the rpoBC operon carried by λrif d 18 accurately represents the corresponding region of the E. coli K12 chromosome. A restriction fragment of E. coli K12 chromosomal DNA carrying the genes rpoBC (encoding the β and β′ subunits of RNA polymerase) and rplL (coding for ribosomal proteins L7/L12) was cloned in a λ vector, and the resulting phage tested for gene expression. In common with the corresponding fragment of λrif d 18 DNA, the chromosomal fragment has no strong promoter for rplL or rpoBC transcription. Another new phage was constructed by adding, to the restriction fragment carrying the rplL rpoBC structural genes from λrif d 18, a sequence from the E. coli K12 chromosome which includes a promoter for these genes. As in λrif d 18 itself, this promoter is shared with rplJ but not with rplKA. The properties of the latter phage also show that the dominant rifampicin-resistance characteristic of λrif d 18 results from more than one mutation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00271493
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 7
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    Unknown
    Geodetic and seismic constraints on some seismogenic zone processes in Costa Rica (2004)
    AGU (American Geophysical Union)
    In:  Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, 109 . B11403.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-04-25
    Description: New seismic and geodetic data from Costa Rica provide insight into seismogenic zone processes in Central America, where the Cocos and Caribbean plates converge. Seismic data are from combined land and ocean bottom deployments in the Nicoya peninsula in northern Costa Rica and near the Osa peninsula in southern Costa Rica. In Nicoya, inversion of GPS data suggests two locked patches centered at 14 ± 2 and 39 ± 6 km depth. Interplate microseismicity is concentrated in the more freely slipping intermediate zone, suggesting that small interseismic earthquakes may not accurately outline the updip limit of the seismogenic zone, the rupture zone for future large earthquakes, at least over the short (∼1 year) observation period. We also estimate northwest motion of a coastal “sliver block” at 8 ± 3 mm/yr, probably related to oblique convergence. In the Osa region to the south, convergence is orthogonal to the trench. Cocos-Caribbean relative motion is partitioned here, with ∼8 cm/yr on the Cocos-Panama block boundary (including a component of permanent shortening across the Fila Costeña fold and thrust belt) and ∼1 cm/yr on the Panama block–Caribbean boundary. The GPS data suggest that the Cocos plate–Panama block boundary is completely locked from ∼10–50 km depth. This large locked zone, as well as associated forearc and back-arc deformation, may be related to subduction of the shallow Cocos Ridge and/or younger lithosphere compared to Nicoya, with consequent higher coupling and compressive stress in the direction of plate convergence.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    DOI: 10.1029/2003JB002931
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    OceanRep: Article in a Scientific Journal - peer-reviewed
  • 8
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Hypothesis: Bones Toughness Arises from the Suppression of Elastic Waves (2014)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-12-19
    Description: Bone and other natural material exhibit a combination of strength and toughness that far exceeds that of synthetic structural materials. Bone's toughness is a result of numerous extrinsic and intrinsic toughening mechanisms that operate synergistically at multiple length scales to produce a tough material. At the system level however no theory or organizational principle exists to explain how so many individual toughening mechanisms can work together. In this paper, we utilize the concept of phonon localization to explain, at the system level, the role of hierarchy, material heterogeneity, and the nanoscale dimensions of biological materials in producing tough composites. We show that phonon localization and attenuation, using a simple energy balance, dynamically arrests crack growth, prevents the cooperative growth of cracks, and allows for multiple toughening mechanisms to work simultaneously in heterogeneous materials. In turn, the heterogeneous, hierarchal, and multiscale structure of bone (which is generic to biological materials such as bone and nacre) can be rationalized because of the unique ability of such a structure to localize phonons of all wavelengths. Scientific Reports 4 doi: 10.1038/srep07538
    Electronic ISSN: 2045-2322
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Published by Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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  • 9
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Strontium source and depth of uptake shifts with substrate age in semi-arid ecosystems (2015)
    Wiley-Blackwell
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-05-20
    Description: Without exogenous rock-derived nutrient sources, terrestrial ecosystems may eventually regress or reach a terminal steady state, but the degree to which exogenous nutrient sources buffer or slow to a theoretical terminal steady state remains unclear. We used strontium isotope ratios ( 87 Sr/ 86 Sr) as a tracer and measured 87 Sr/ 86 Sr values in aeolian dust, soils, and vegetation across a well-constrained three million year semi-arid substrate age gradient to determine: 1) whether the contribution of atmospheric sources of rock-derived nutrients to soil and vegetation pools varied with substrate age, and 2) to determine if the depth of uptake varied with substrate age. We found that aeolian-derived nutrients became increasingly important, contributing as much as 71% to plant-available soil pools and tree ( Pinus edulis ) growth during the latter stages of ecosystem development in a semi-arid climate. The depth of nutrient uptake increased on older substrates, demonstrating that trees in arid regions can acquire nutrients from greater depths as ecosystem development progresses presumably in response to nutrient depletion in the more weathered surface soils. Our results demonstrate that global and regional aeolian transport of nutrients to local ecosystems is a vital process for ecosystem development in arid regions. Furthermore, these aeolian nutrient inputs contribute to deep soil nutrient pools, which become increasingly important for maintaining plant productivity over long time scales.
    Print ISSN: 0148-0227
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences
    Published by Wiley-Blackwell on behalf of American Geophysical Union (AGU).
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  • 10
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    Unknown
    Toward seamless large domain parameter estimation for hydrologic models (2017)
    Wiley-Blackwell
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-08-19
    Description: Estimating spatially distributed parameters remains one of the biggest challenges for large domain hydrologic modeling. Many large domain modeling efforts rely on spatially inconsistent parameter fields, e.g., patchwork patterns resulting from individual basin calibrations, parameter fields generated through default transfer functions that relate geophysical attributes to model parameters, or spatially constant, default parameter values. This paper provides an initial assessment of a multi-scale parameter regionalization (MPR) method over large geographical domains to derive seamless parameters in a spatially consistent manner. MPR applies transfer functions at the native scale of the geophysical data, and then scales these model parameters to the desired model resolution. We developed a stand-alone framework called MPR-flex for multi-model use and applied MPR-flex to the Variable Infiltration Capacity model to produce hydrologic simulations over the contiguous USA (CONUS). We first independently calibrate 531 basins across the CONUS to obtain a performance benchmark for each basin. To derive the CONUS parameter fields, we perform a joint MPR calibration using all but the poorest behaved basins to obtain a single set of transfer function parameters that are applied to the entire CONUS. Results show that the CONUS-wide calibration has similar performance compared to previous simulations using a patchwork quilt of partially calibrated parameter sets, but without the spatial discontinuities in parameters that characterize some previous CONUS-domain model simulations. Several avenues to improve CONUS-wide calibration remain, including selection of calibration basins, objective function formulation, as well as MPR-flex improvements including transfer function formations and scaling operator optimization.
    Print ISSN: 0043-1397
    Electronic ISSN: 1944-7973
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography
    Published by Wiley-Blackwell on behalf of American Geophysical Union (AGU).
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