Note: Intro -- Foreword -- Contents -- 1 Climate Change Challenge (3C) and Social-Economic-Ecological Interface-Building-Exploring Potential Adaptation Strategies for Bio-resource Conservation and Livelihood Development: Prologue -- 1 Human-Environment Systems -- 2 The Climate Change Challenge -- 3 How Will India Be Affected by Climate Change? -- 4 The Need for Integrated Scientific Approaches -- 5 About the Book -- Acknowledgements -- References -- Food Security, Biodiversity and Law -- 2 The Impacts of Climate Change for Food and Nutrition Security: Issues for India -- Abstract -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Climate Change and the Availability of Food -- 3 Climate Change and People's Access to Food -- 4 Climate Change and the Ability to Utilize Food for Long-Term Health -- 5 Food System Stability -- 6 Conclusion -- References -- 3 Climate Change Strategies and Developing Nations: Prospects and Priorities for India -- Abstract -- 1 Introduction: The Climate Change Prognoses -- 2 Logic of Collective Action and Optimal Country Strategy -- 3 Forest Carbon Sequestration (CDM-AR, REDD) and Climate Change -- 4 Sustainable Development as a Self-Imposed Precaution -- References -- 4 Climate Change, Risk and Food Security: An Analysis of Wheat Crop in Pakistan -- Abstract -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Methodological Framework -- 2.1 Classification of Study Area -- 2.2 Variables and Data -- 2.3 Theoretical Spectrum -- 2.4 Panel Data Model Specification -- 2.5 Stochastic Production Function -- 2.6 Per-Capita Availability -- 3 Results and Discussion -- 3.1 Variation in Climatic Parameters -- 3.2 Risk in Wheat Production -- 3.3 Per-Capita Availability -- 4 Conclusions and Policy Recommendations -- Appendix 1 -- Appendix 2 -- Appendix 3 -- Appendix 4 -- Appendix 5 -- References. , 5 Methodological Issues in Social Science Research for Bioresource Conservation and Livelihood Development Under Global Climate Change -- Abstract -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Scientific Research for Bioresource Conservation and Livelihood Development -- 3 Social Science Research for Bioresource Conservation and Livelihood Development -- 4 Appropriate Technology Development for Bioresource Conservation and Livelihood Development -- 5 Different Types of Research for Bioresource Conservation and Livelihood Development -- 6 Formulation of Research Problem for Bioresource Conservation and Livelihood Development -- 7 Formulation of Hypothesis for Bioresource Conservation and Livelihood Development -- 8 Capacity Building Among Professionals for Bioresource Conservation and Livelihood Development -- 9 Skills Development Among Professionals for Bioresource Conservation and Livelihood Development -- 6 Impact of Ruminants on Global Warming: Indian and Global Context -- Abstract -- 1 Global Warming -- 2 Agriculture and Global Warming -- 2.1 Agriculture Soils -- 2.2 Burning of Crop Residue -- 2.3 Methane Emission from Rice Fields -- 3 Greenhouse Gases in Ruminant Context -- 4 Greenhouse Effect (GHE) -- 4.1 Ruminants and Global Warming -- 5 Ruminants in Indian Context -- 6 Effects of Global Warming -- 7 Mechanism of Methane Production by Ruminants -- 7.1 Mitigation Strategies -- 7.2 Reduction of Methane Mitigation from Ruminants -- 8 Conclusions -- References -- 7 Effects of Demographic Change on Environmental Degradation: Evidence and Implications for India -- Abstract -- 1 Introduction -- 2 India's Demographic Change -- 3 The Changing Age Structure -- 4 The Changing Household Structure and Energy Use -- 5 The Effects of Urbanization -- 6 Summary and Conclusion -- References -- 8 Biodiversity Status and Climate Change Scenario in Northeast India -- Abstract. , 1 Introduction -- 2 Review of Literature -- 3 Application of Geoinformatics in Biodiversity and Climate Change Research -- 4 Vegetation Assessment in Northeast India Using NDVI -- 5 Challenges to Conserve Biodiversity and Climate Change Mitigation of Northeast Region -- 6 Future Research Prospect -- 7 Conclusion -- Acknowledgements -- References -- 9 A Critical Analysis of Law Relating to Biodiversity Conservation and Forest Ecosystem Management in India -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Biodiversity and International Scenario -- 3 Evolution of Forest Law in India -- 4 Legislative Control on Conversation of Forest -- 4.1 Indian Forest Act, 1927 -- 4.2 Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972 -- 4.3 Environment Protection Act, 1986 -- 4.4 The Biological Diversity Act, 2002 -- 4.5 Forest Rights Act (FRA), 2006 -- 4.6 Central and State Policy on Environment and Forest -- 5 Apex Court of India and Protection of Environmental Law Under Sustainable Development -- 6 Conclusion -- 7 Suggestions -- Methodological Issues -- Socioeconomic and Vulnerability Assessments -- 10 Knowledge-Based Climate Economy: Integrated Sciences, Accelerated Convergence and Knowledge Resources Dynamics -- Abstract -- 1 Climate Change Agenda: Knowledge-Based Climate Economy, Risk Society, Rethink-Tanks -- 2 Emergence of Ecology of Subjective and Objective Knowledge -- 3 Debating the Nature of Objective Knowledge, the Resource of All Resources -- 4 Knowledge Resources in the European Union's Lisbon Strategy -- 5 The Convergence Model on the Life Sciences Horizon -- 6 Creating Knowledge-Environments for Accelerated Knowledge Resources Dynamics -- 7 Emerging Frontiers of Problem and Theory-Driven Science: Modelling Biodiversity-Ecosystem Linkages -- 8 Conclusion: A Warning Against Paradigms -- References -- 11 Socio-economic and Agricultural Vulnerability Across Districts of Karnataka -- Abstract. , 1 Introduction -- 2 Vulnerability -- 3 Objectives, Method and Data -- 4 Agricultural Vulnerability Index -- 4.1 Net Sown Area -- 4.2 Commercial Crops -- 4.3 Cropping Intensity -- 4.4 Gross Irrigated Area -- 4.5 Fallow Land -- 4.6 Agricultural Credit Cooperative Societies -- 5 Socio-economic Vulnerability Index -- 5.1 Population Density -- 5.2 SC and ST Population -- 5.3 Literacy Rate -- 5.4 Marginal Landholders -- 5.5 Non-workers -- 5.6 Livestock Units -- 5.7 Per Capita Income -- 6 Approach to Vulnerability Assessment -- 6.1 Principal Component Analysis (PCA) -- 7 Agricultural Vulnerability Index for the Districts of Karnataka -- 8 Socio-economic Vulnerability Index for the Districts of Karnataka -- 9 Discussion and Drivers of Vulnerability -- References -- 12 Knowledge, Perception and Socioeconomic Vulnerability of Urban and Peri-urban Households to Heat Waves in Pakistan -- Abstract -- 1 Background -- 2 Knowledge and Perception About Heat Waves -- 3 Faisalabad Case Study -- 3.1 Socioeconomic Characteristics -- 3.2 Access to Health Facilities -- 3.3 Knowledge About Heat Waves and Its Sources -- 3.4 Perception of Heat Waves Among Respondents -- 4 Conclusions -- References -- 13 The Conflict Between Economy and Environment-An Environmentally Extended Social Accounting Matrix for India -- Abstract -- 1 Introduction -- 1.1 Approaches Available to Integrate Economy and Environment -- 1.2 Rational of Integrating Environmental Indicators in a Social Accounting Matrix -- 1.3 Challenges in Constructing ESAM for India -- 2 Method of Extending ESAM -- 2.1 Estimation of Environmental Data -- 2.2 Estimation of Abatement or Absorption -- 2.3 Estimation for Depletable Natural Resources -- 2.4 Estimation for Environmental Themes -- 3 Multiplier Analysis for Environmental Impact Analysis -- 3.1 Pollution Trade-off Multiplier. , 3.2 Analysis of Results Relating to Output-Pollution Multiplier -- 3.3 Analysis of Income-Pollution Multiplier -- 4 Policy Analysis Using ESAM Multiplier: Some Illustrative Examples -- 4.1 Poverty Alleviation Impact on Environment -- 4.2 Impact of Rural Urban Migration on Environment -- 5 Concluding Remarks -- Appendix 1 -- Appendix 2 -- Appendix 3 -- References -- 14 Climate Change and Uncertainty in Agriculture: Does Crop Insurance Help in India? -- Abstract -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Risk and Mitigation: Findings from NSSO Survey -- 3 Regression Analysis -- 3.1 Selection of Explanatory Variables -- 3.2 Probit Regression -- 3.3 Results -- 4 Sampling Technique and Basic Sample Characteristics -- 5 Production Risk -- 5.1 Uncertain Weather -- 6 Price-Related Uncertainties -- 7 Risk Mitigation -- 7.1 Crop Insurance -- 8 Non Farm Activities -- 9 Conclusion -- Acknowledgement -- References -- 15 Climate Change and Natural Capital: Some Veiled Issues on Sustainable Livelihood in Agriculture Sector -- Abstract -- 1 Introduction -- 1.1 Agriculture-Present Status -- 1.2 Sustainable Agriculture -- 1.3 Livelihood and Sustainable Agriculture-Indian Scenario -- 1.4 Livelihood and Sustainable Agriculture-Scenario in Odisha -- 1.5 Livelihood and Sustainable Agriculture in Western Orissa -- 2 Brief Review of Literature -- 3 Objectives of the Study -- 4 Data and Methods -- 5 Findings and Discussion -- 6 Conclusion and Recommendation -- References -- 16 Economic Impacts of Climate Change in India's Cities -- Abstract -- 1 Introduction and Background -- 2 Role of Cities in Climate Change -- 3 Past Literature -- 4 Data, Model, and Methodology -- 5 Results from Estimations -- 6 Impact of Climate Change on Agricultural Output -- 7 Summary and Policy Implications -- 8 Policy Implications -- References. , 17 Economic Impact of Air Pollution from Agricultural Residue Burning on Human Health.

Note: Intro -- Foreword -- Acknowledgements -- Contents -- Socio-Economic and Eco-Biological Dimensions in Resource Use and Conservation: Prologue -- References -- Climate Change Impacts and Implications: An Indian Perspective -- 1 Background -- 2 Impacts of Climate Change -- 3 Impacts on Agriculture and Agricultural Productivity -- 4 Impacts on Forests and Forestry Sector -- 5 Impacts on Biodiversity -- 6 Impacts on Coastal Ecosystems -- 7 Impacts on Human Health -- 8 Socio-Economic Consequences of Climate Change -- 9 Role of Geoinformation Science in Climate Change Research -- 10 Climate Change Mitigation and Adaptations -- 11 Future Research Prospects and Recommendations -- 12 Conclusion -- References -- Local Socio-Economic Dynamics Shaping Forest Ecosystems in Central Himalayas -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Study Area -- 3 Methodology -- 3.1 Review of Historical Records -- 3.2 Observations and Data Collection -- 4 Results and Discussion -- 4.1 Forest Types in Uttarakhand Part of Central Himalayas -- 4.2 Threats and Challenges to Forest Ecosystems and Biodiversity in Central Himalayas -- 4.3 Increasing Population -- 4.4 Biomass Dependency of Local Communities on Forests in Central Himalaya -- 4.5 Addressing Threats and Challenges for Addressing Socio-Economic Drivers of Biodiversity Loss -- 4.6 Way Forward -- 5 Conclusions -- References -- Forest Resources of Jharkhand, Eastern India: Socio-economic and Bio-ecological Perspectives -- 1 Background -- 2 Forests of Jharkhand -- 3 Forest Resources of Jharkhand -- 4 Economic Prospects of Forest Resources of Jharkhand -- 5 Some Important Forest Resources Based Industries of Jharkhand -- 5.1 Sericulture (Silk) Industry -- 5.2 Lac Industry -- 5.3 Timber Industry -- 5.4 Kendu Leaves Based Industry -- 5.5 Herbal and Medicine Industry -- 5.6 Sal Plates Manufacturing Industry -- 5.7 Bamboo Based Industries. , 6 Current Policies, and Programmes to Protect Forests Biodiversity and Improve Livelihood of Tribal in Jharkhand -- 7 Conclusion -- References -- Traditional Agroforestry Systems of Northeast India -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Traditional Agroforestry Systems -- 3 Economic Aspects of Traditional Agroforestry Systems -- 4 Soil in Different Traditional Agroforestry Systems -- 5 Traditional Management Practices -- 6 Conclusion -- References -- Agrobiodiversity in Northeast India: A Review of the Prospects of Agrobiodiversity Management in the Traditional Rice Fields and Homegardens of the Region -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Agrobiodiversity in Northeast India -- 3 Agrobiodiversity Management in the Traditional Rice Fields -- 4 Agrobiodiversity Management in the Traditional Rice Fields (Case Studies) -- 4.1 Chailta Village in Barak Valley of Cachar District, North-East India -- 4.2 Dorgakona Village in Barak Valley of Cachar District, NorthEast India -- 5 Agrobiodiversity Management in the Traditional Homegardens -- 6 Agrobiodiversity Management in the Traditional Homegardens (Case Studies) -- 6.1 Dorgakona Village in Barak Valley of Cachar District, NorthEast India -- 6.2 Rajubari Village in Barak Valley of Cachar District, NorthEast India -- 6.3 Barak Valley of Assam, NorthEast India -- 7 Conclusions -- References -- Medicinal Plant Biodiversity in India: Harnessing Opportunities for Promoting Livelihood and Food Security -- 1 Background and Context -- 2 Medicinal Plant Cultivation and Economic Viability in India -- 2.1 Objectives of the Study -- 2.2 Methodology -- 3 Definition of Medicinal Plants -- 4 Institutions/Agencies Involved in Development and Promotion of Medicinal Plants in India -- 5 Resource Base, Utilisation and Conservation of Medicinal Plants Across India (Demand and Supply) -- 6 Conservation Efforts. , 7 Constraints in the Cultivation of Medicinal Plants -- 8 Harnessing Medicinal Plant Cultivation for Improved Food Security in India -- 8.1 Model for Harnessing Medicinal Plants Cultivation for Improved Food Security in India -- 9 Economic Potential of Medicinal Plants Contributing to Household Income -- 9.1 Case Studies on the Role of Indigenous Communities in the Conservation of Medicinal Plants and Food Security -- 10 Conclusion -- References -- Plant Diversity and Distribution Pattern in Tropical Dry Deciduous Forest of Eastern Ghats, India -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Materials and Methods -- 2.1 Study Area -- 2.2 Vegetation Analysis -- 3 Results -- 3.1 Species Richness and Diversity -- 3.2 Species Composition -- 3.3 Importance Value Index and Family Diversity -- 3.4 Species-Area Curve -- 3.5 Diameter Class Distribution -- 3.6 Distribution Pattern -- 4 Discussion -- References -- Herpetofaunal Diversity and Conservation Status in Amchang Wildlife Sanctuary of Assam, India -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Materials and Methods -- 3 Results and Discussion -- References -- A Preliminary Checklist of Herpetofauna Occurring in Rowa Wildlife Sanctuary, Tripura, India -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Materials and Methods -- 2.1 Study Site -- 2.2 Data Collection -- 3 Results -- 4 Discussion -- References -- Biology, Uses and Conservation of Trillium govanianum -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Biology -- 2.1 Distribution -- 2.2 Morphology and Life Cycle -- 2.3 Reproduction -- 3 Uses and Active Constituents -- 4 Threats -- 4.1 Over-Exploitation for Trade -- 4.2 Habitat -- 4.3 Herbivory -- 4.4 Reproductive Constraints -- 4.5 Climate Change -- 5 Conservation -- 6 Discussion -- 7 Conclusion -- References -- Assessment of Different Aspects of Elephant Depredation at a Rural Society-Protected Area Interface in Northeast India Based on Public Estimation -- 1 Introduction. , 2 Materials and Methods -- 2.1 Study Area -- 2.2 Data Collection and Analyses -- 3 Results -- 3.1 Socio-economic Condition -- 3.2 Elephants of the Area in General -- 3.3 Depredation -- 3.4 Control Measure -- 4 Discussion -- References -- Exploring Synergistic Inter Linkages Among Three Ecological Issues in the Aquatic Environment -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Materials and Methods -- 3 Results -- 3.1 Species Invasion in the Aquatic Environment -- 3.2 Eutrophication -- 3.3 Synergistic Inter Linkage of Climate Change with the Two Problems -- 3.4 Assessment of Synergistic Effect of Climate Change on Eutrophication and Species Invasion -- 4 Discussion -- References -- Wildlife Conservation Perspective of Fringe Villagers and Their Socio-economic Dependency: A Case Study from Borail Wildlife Sanctuary, Assam, India -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Methodological Framework -- 2.1 Study Area -- 2.2 Data Collection -- 2.3 Perception and Attitude -- 2.4 Socio-economy -- 2.5 Data Analysis -- 3 Results -- 3.1 Perception and Attitude -- 3.2 Socio-economy -- 4 Discussion -- 4.1 Perception and Attitude -- 4.2 Socio-economy -- 5 Conclusions -- References -- Carbon Sequestration Potential of Trees in Kuvempu University Campus Forest Area, Western Ghats, Karnataka -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Study Area -- 3 Materials and Method -- 4 Results -- 5 Discussions -- 6 Conclusion -- References -- Biodiversity and Conservation: India's Panoramic View -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Mega Diverse Countries -- 3 India's Biodiversity Framework -- 3.1 Variety of Floral and Faunal Species -- 3.2 Terrestrial Ecosystems -- 3.3 Aquatic Ecosystems -- 3.4 Agricultural and Genetic Biodiversity -- 4 Effective Management of Factors Affecting India's Biodiversity Loss -- 4.1 Hotspots -- 4.2 Extinction of Species -- 4.3 Climate Change -- 4.4 Pollution -- 4.5 Dwindling Traditional Knowledge -- 4.6 Alien Invasive Species. , 5 Biodiversity Conservation: India's Legislative, Administrative and National Policies -- 6 Case Studies -- 6.1 Case Study 1: Promoting Biodiversity in Neighbourhood Parks in an Urban Landscape (Swamy et al. 2019) -- 6.2 Case Study 2: Conservation of Medicinal Plants (Negi et al. 2018) -- 7 Conclusion -- References -- Impact of Weather Shock on Food Insecurity: A Study on India -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Materials and Methods -- 3 Food Insecurity in India: Extent and Variations -- 4 The Model -- 5 Regression Results -- 6 Conclusion -- Appendix 1 -- Appendix 2 -- References -- Statistical Modelling and Variable Selection in Climate Science -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Multiple Linear Regression Modelling -- 2.1 Model Description -- 2.2 Point Estimation of Parameters -- 2.3 Confidence Interval Estimation -- 2.4 Test of Hypothesis -- 2.5 Coefficient of Determination (R2 ) and Adjusted R2 -- 2.6 Prediction of Values of Study Variable -- 3 Data-Based Example -- 4 Large Number of Explanatory Variables -- 5 Ridge Regression Modelling -- 6 LASSO Regression Modelling -- 6.1 Selecting the λ Value for Ridge and LASSO -- 6.2 Implementation of Ridge Regression and LASSO Using R -- 7 Conclusions -- References -- Climate Change and Adaptation Strategies in the Gir Kesar Mango Region of Gujarat -- 1 Introduction -- 1.1 Data and Methodology -- 2 Climate Change Impact -- 3 Mango Production Scenario in the World and India -- 3.1 Mango Cultivation in Gujarat -- 4 Climate Change Issues Concerning Kesar Mango Cultivation and Mitigation Strategies -- 4.1 Awareness About Climate Change and Adaptation Strategies by Farmers -- 4.2 Climate Change Adaptation Strategies by Farmers -- 4.3 Use of Technological Inputs as an Adaptation Strategy -- 5 Need for Extension Services -- 6 Conclusion -- References -- Spatial Shift in Chickpeas in India -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Review of Literature. , 3 Research Questions.

Note: Intro -- Foreword -- Preface -- Contents -- List of Figures -- List of Tables -- 1 Introduction to Field Margin Vegetation (FMV) -- 1.1 Agroecosystems and Biodiversity -- 1.2 Field Margin Vegetation -- 1.3 Research on FMV -- 1.4 Importance of FMV -- 1.5 Significance in Indian Socioecological Systems -- 1.6 Types of FMV -- References -- 2 Urbanization and Peri-Urbanization in Bengaluru -- 2.1 Pattern of Urbanization in India -- 2.2 Urban Primacy -- The Case of Bengaluru, Karnataka -- 2.3 The Push-Pull Paradigm -- 2.4 Rural-Urban Interface and Concept of Peri-Urbanization -- 2.5 Fate of India's Rural-Urban Interfaces -- 2.6 Bengaluru's Experience in Rural-Urban Interface -- 2.7 Looking Forward -- 2.8 Identifying Agroecosystems in Rural-Urban Interface -- 2.9 Climate, Forest and Physiography -- 2.10 Land Use and Agriculture -- 2.11 Demography and Socioeconomics -- References -- 3 Agroecosystems in Rural-Urban Interface -- 3.1 Trade-offs in Peri-Urban Agroecosystems -- 3.2 Socioecological Household Survey and Assessment of FMV -- 3.3 The Changing Field Margins in Rural-Urban Interface of Bengaluru -- 3.4 Socioeconomic Landscape and Direct Economic Benefits from FMV -- References -- 4 Structure and Functions of FMV in Rural-Urban Interface -- 4.1 Phytosociological Study of Field Margins -- 4.2 FMV Species Richness and Diversity Indices -- 4.3 Manipulation and Management of FMV -- 4.4 Traditional Ecological Knowledge on Field Margin Vegetation -- 4.5 Way Forward for Enhancing FMV Value and Preserving TEK -- References -- 5 Spatio-Temporal Dynamics of Rural-Urban Interface and FMV -- 5.1 Land Use Land Cover Analysis of Rural-Urban Interface of Bengaluru -- 5.2 Methodology and Data Used -- 5.3 LULCC in Rural-Uurban Interface of Bengaluru Over Four Decades -- 5.4 Interclass Decadal Change of LULC -- 5.5 Village-Wise LULC Change -- 5.6 Vegetation Indices. , NDVI and SAVI -- References -- 6 Delineation and Monitoring of FMV -- 6.1 Remote Sensing in Vegetation Study -- Prospect for FMV Mapping -- 6.2 Methodology for Delineating Field Margin Vegetation -- 6.2.1 Post Processing -- 6.3 Delineation of FMV and Accuracy Assessment -- References -- 7 Overview of a Few Important FMV Species and Crop Influencing FMVs of Rural-Urban Interface of Bengaluru -- 7.1 Pongamia pinnata -- 7.2 Eucalyptus spp. in Field Boundaries -- 7.3 Vitis spp. -- References -- 8 Strategizing FMV Conservation for Sustainable Agroecosystems in Rural-Urban Interface -- 8.1 Why to Retain FMVs and Traditional Agroecosystems -- 8.2 Strategies for Developing Sustainable Agroecosystems Through Conserving FMV -- 8.3 Way Forward -- References -- Annexure A: Tree Species in Six Villages of the Northern Transect of Bengaluru -- Annexure B: Shrub Species in Six Villages of the Northern Transect of Bengaluru -- Annexure C: Herb Species Listed in Six Villages of the Northern Transect of Bengaluru -- Annexure D: Percentage of Farms Having Tree in the Field Margins for Different Crop Groups and Presence of FMV Tree Species (From the Selected Fields of the Northern Transect of Bengaluru) -- Annexure E: Relative Density of Herb Species in Six Study Villages of the Northern Transect of Bengaluru -- Annexure F: Relative Frequency of FMV-herb Species in Six Study Villages of the Northern Transect of Bengaluru -- Annexure G: Photo Plates-Some FMV Species Prevalent in the Northern Transect of Bengaluru -- Annexure H: Correlation Between FMV Products and their Economic Benefits in the Northern Transect of Bengaluru -- Bibliography.

Note: Intro -- Foreword -- Preface -- Contents -- List of Figures -- List of Tables -- List of Photoplates -- 1 Introduction -- 1.1 Semiarid Regions and Socio-Ecological Setup -- 1.2 Geography of the Study Area in Semiarid Region of India -- 1.2.1 Climatic Conditions -- 1.2.2 Land Use in the Study Area -- 1.3 Habitat Types in the Arid and Semiarid Regions -- References -- 2 Methodology for Biodiversity (Flora and Fauna) Study -- 2.1 Plant Biodiversity and Phytosociological Study -- 2.1.1 Duration of Survey -- 2.1.2 Field Equipments -- 2.1.3 Methods Used -- 2.1.4 Collection Methods -- 2.1.4.1 Collection of Trees, Shrubs, and Herbs -- 2.1.4.2 Collection of Succulents -- 2.1.4.3 Collection of Minute Plants -- 2.1.4.4 Collection of Large Plants like Palms -- 2.1.4.5 Collection of Aquatic Plants -- 2.1.5 Herbarium Preparation -- 2.1.6 Data Analysis -- 2.1.7 Diversity Indices -- 2.2 Phytoplankton Study Materials and Methods -- 2.2.1 Phytoplankton Preservation -- 2.2.2 Brief Procedure for Phytoplankton Study -- 2.3 Animal Biodiversity -- 2.3.1 Fauna Survey and Study of Insects -- 2.3.1.1 Insects: When and Where to Collect -- 2.3.1.2 Collecting Equipment -- 2.3.1.3 Collection Methods -- 2.3.1.4 Killing of Insects -- 2.3.1.5 Preservation -- 2.3.2 Spider Collection Methods -- 2.3.3 Study of Vertebrates -- 2.3.3.1 Survey and Monitoring of Fishes -- 2.3.3.2 Survey and Monitoring of Amphibians -- 2.3.3.3 Survey and Monitoring of Reptiles -- 2.3.3.4 Survey and Monitoring of Birds -- 2.3.3.5 Survey and Monitoring of Mammals -- 2.3.3.6 Identification -- 2.4 Zooplankton Survey and Monitoring -- References -- 3 Plant Biodiversity -- 3.1 Phytosociological Study -- 3.2 Phenology (Leaf Flushing, Flowering, Fruiting, Leaf-Fall) of the Species -- 3.2.1 Phenology of the Trees -- 3.2.2 Phenology of Shrubs -- 3.3 Diversity Study of the Region. , 3.3.1 Shannon--Wiener Index (Alpha Diversity) -- 3.3.2 Beta-Diversity -- 3.3.3 Simpson's Diversity Indices -- 3.4 Traditional Ecological Knowledge (TEK) Related to Use of Plant Biodiversity -- 3.5 Plants with Other Economic Values in the Study Area -- 3.5.1 Timber Yielding Plants -- 3.5.2 Plant Species for Fuel Wood -- 3.5.3 Plant Species Used as Fodder -- 3.5.4 Edible Species -- 3.5.5 Plants Used in Oral Hygiene -- 3.5.6 Other Uses -- 3.6 Phytoplankton -- 3.7 Description of Plant Species from the Semiarid Region, Karnataka, India, in Alphabetical Family-Wise -- References -- 4 Animal Biodiversity -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Invertebrates -- 4.2.1 Butterflies -- 4.2.2 Vertebrates -- 4.2.2.1 Fishes -- 4.2.2.2 Amphibians -- 4.2.2.3 Reptiles -- 4.2.2.4 Birds -- 4.2.2.5 Mammals -- 4.2.2.6 Zooplankton -- 4.3 Species Description -- References -- 5 Status of Biodiversity as per IUCN, IWPA, and CITES in Studied Semiarid Region, Karnataka, India -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Biodiversity of Study Region -- 5.3 Major Threats to Biodiversity -- 5.4 International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) -- 5.4.1 Conservation Status of Plant Species in Study Region (as per IUCN categories) -- 5.4.2 Conservation Status of Animal Species in the Study Region (as per IUCN categories) -- 5.5 Indian Wildlife Protection Act (IWPA) -- 5.5.1 Fauna Listed Under IWPA from Study Area -- 5.6 The Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES) -- 5.6.1 Species Listed Under CITES from the Study Area -- 5.7 Conservation Methods -- References -- 6 Remote Sensing and GIS in Understanding the Landscape Dynamics -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 Materials and Methods -- 6.2.1 Georectification -- 6.2.2 Image Subset -- 6.2.3 Image Enhancement -- 6.2.4 Generation of Vector Layers -- 6.2.5 Classification -- 6.3 Results. , 6.3.1 Land Use/Land Cover from 1973 to 2008 -- References -- 7 Conclusion and Recommendations -- 7.1 Conservation and Multiplication of Multipurpose Tree Species -- 7.2 Development and Demonstration of Agroforestry Models in the Region -- 7.3 Development of Bird Sanctuary -- 7.4 Conservation of Wild Animals -- 7.5 Carrying Capacity of Grazing Areas/Rangelands for Sustainable Landscape Development -- 7.6 Drinking Water Supply Through Pipeline -- 7.7 Awareness Programs About the Importance of Semiarid Region Under Changing Climate -- Reference -- 8 Erratum to: Plant Biodiversity -- Erratum to: Chapter 3 in: S. Nautiyal et al., Biodiversity of Semiarid Landscape, Environmental Science, DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-15464-0_3 -- Bibliography.

Note: Intro -- Foreword -- Message from Alexander von HumboldtFoundation -- Message from the German ConsulateGeneral in Bangalore -- Contents -- 1 Knowledge Systems of Societies for Adaptation and Mitigation of Impacts of Climate Change: Prologue -- References -- 2 Accepting Climate Change Challenges: Gambling with the Future or Path-Finding for Long-Term Sustainability? -- 1…Introduction -- 2…Are We Asking the Right Questions? -- 3…What Happens When Westernized Lifestyles Spread Over Entire Planet -- 4…Managing Transitions and Making Them Happen -- 5…Summary -- Acknowledgements -- References -- 3 Ethics of International Action on Climate Change: How Would Mahatma Gandhi Have Looked at it? -- 1…Moral Irony of Climate Change -- 2…Kyoto 1997 and After -- 3…Outcome of Action -- 4…An Ethical Assessment -- References -- 4 Ethical Analysis of the Global Climate Dilemma -- 1…What is an Ethical Analysis -- 2…Developed Countries: Lifestyles and Carbon Emissions -- 3…India -- 4…Global (Climate Change) Adaptation Index -- 5…India: Growth and Inflation -- 6…Employment and Poverty -- 7…Ground Water Use -- 8…The Burden of Traditional Fuels in Rural India -- 9…Economic Growth and Requirements of Commercial Energy -- 10…Indian Emissions -- 11…Domestic Political Concerns -- 12…Renewable Energy -- 13…Green House Gas Mitigation -- 14…Technology -- 15…Conclusion -- 5 Ecosystem-Resilience: A Long Journey to Nature Policy -- 1…A Philosophy of Ecology-Based Resource-Management and Development Policy -- 1.1 Domestication of Nature -- 1.2 How Can We at Last Learn to be Domestication Wise? -- 2…Learning from History: Is Growing Prosperous the Main Key? -- 2.1 Whale Oil as a Source of Lighting -- 2.2 Nuclear Energy: The Atomic Power Plants -- 2.3 Building Resilience Through Access to Rights, Resources and Public Understanding of Science. , 3…Recognizing the Scales of Ecological Complexity -- 3.1 The Whole Question of Earth's Carrying Capacity -- 3.2 The Tragedy of the Commons -- 3.3 Adam's Fallacy: A Guide to Economic Theology -- 4…Rethinking Sustainable Development -- 4.1 Building Ecosystem-Resilience -- 4.2 Rural Resilience -- 5…Interface-Building Across Disciplines: Millennium Ecosystem Assessment -- 5.1 Bringing Nature Back in: A Long and Thorny Journey to Nature Policy -- References -- 6 Climate Change Induced Coral Bleaching and Algal Phase Shift in Reefs of the Gulf of Mannar, India -- 1…Introduction -- 2…Materials and Methods -- 3…Results and Discussion -- 4…Conclusion -- Acknowledgments -- References -- 7 Economic Valuation and Sustainability of Dal Lake Ecosystem in Jammu and Kashmir -- 1…Introduction -- 2…Methodology -- 2.1 Specification of Travel Cost Model and Variables -- 2.2 Specification of Willingness to Pay Function and Variables -- 3…Results and Discussion -- 3.1 Profile of Dal Lake -- 3.2 Chemical Health of Dal Lake Water -- 3.3 Dal Lake Economy -- 3.3.1 Crop and Livestock -- 3.3.2 Fishery -- 3.3.3 Shikaras -- 3.3.4 Hotel and Houseboats -- 3.3.5 Transporters and Parking -- 3.3.6 Tourists -- 4…Demand Functions for Dal Lake Visitation Rate and Willingness to Pay -- 4.1 Non-Use Value from Dal Lake -- 5…Economies of Dal Lake Restoration -- 6…Govt Intervention -- 7…Conclusion and Policy Implications -- A.x(118). Annexure I: Sample Structure -- A.x(118). Annexure II: Quarter-Wise Estimated Costs and Returns of Sampled Farms (Average Per Farm) in Dal Lake -- A.x(118). Annexure III: Quarter-Wise Estimated Costs and Returns of Sampled Fishermen in Dal Lake -- A.x(118). Annexure IV: Quarter-Wise Estimated Costs and Returns of Sampled Shikara Owners in Dal Lake -- A.x(118). Annexure V: Quarter-Wise Estimated Costs and Returns of Sampled Hotels in Dal Lake. , A.x(118). Annexure VI: Quarter-Wise Estimated Costs and Returns of Sampled House Boat in Dal Lake -- A.x(118). Annexure VII: Quarter-Wise Estimated Costs and Returns of Sampled Transporters in Dal Lake -- References -- 8 Biodiversity Conservation, Sustainable Agriculture and Climate Change: A Complex Interrelationship -- 1…Introduction -- 2…Mitigating and Adapting to Climate Change: The Role of Biodiversity -- 3…Adaptation in Agricultural Landscapes -- 4…Climate Change, Agriculture and Food Security -- 5…Biodiversity and Sustainable Agriculture -- 5.1 Origin of Landrace Agro Biodiversity -- 5.2 Distribution of the Agro-Biodiversity of Wild Relatives -- 5.3 Sustainable Conservation for Sustainable Use -- 5.4 Appropriate Breeding -- 5.5 Appropriate Conservation -- 5.5.1 The Future of Small Farms: Policy Support -- 5.6 Diversity Through Sustainable Agriculture: Principles and Practices -- 6…Managing Traditional Crop Diversity for Sustainable Agricultural Production: A Scientific Approach for in situ Conservation On-Farm in the Indian Himalayas -- 6.1 On-Farm Conservation of Crop Diversity in Himalaya -- 6.2 Crop Diversity in Traditional Agro-Ecosystems -- 6.3 On-Farm Conservation of Underutilized Crops -- 6.4 Factors Affecting Farmers' Crop and Variety Choices -- 6.5 Benefit Enhancing Options for Farmers from Local Crop Diversity -- 6.6 Scientific and Institutional Challenges for Managing Crop Diversity On-Farm -- 6.7 Role of Informal Seed System in Promoting Landrace Diversity and Their On-Farm Conservation -- 7…Harmonizing Biodiversity Conservation and Agricultural Intensification by Integrating Plant, Animal and Fish Genetic Resources in Himalaya: A Case Study -- 8…Conclusion -- References -- 9 The Potential Impacts of Climate Change on Insect Pests in Cultivated Ecosystems: An Indian Perspective -- 1…Introduction -- 2…Materials and Methods. , 3…Results and Discussion -- 3.1 Observations -- 3.2 Review -- 3.2.1 Density, Distribution and Population Dynamics -- 3.2.2 Insect Diversity and Biodiversity -- 3.2.3 Host Plant Resistance -- 3.2.4 Transgenic Crops for Pest Management -- 3.2.5 Beneficial Insects -- 3.2.6 Biopesticides and Synthetic Insecticides -- 3.2.7 Pest Management Practices -- 3.2.8 What Farmers Can Do? -- 4…Conclusions -- Acknowledgments -- References -- 10 Arsenic Groundwater Contamination Related Socio-Economic Problems in India: Issues and Challenges -- 1…Introduction -- 2…Causes and Sources of Water Pollution and Arsenic Contamination -- 2.1 Water Pollution -- 2.1.1 Arsenic Contamination: Causes and Sources -- 3…Arsenic Scenario -- 3.1 Arsenic Contamination in India -- 4…Resource Depletion and Groundwater Contamination Problem -- 5…Socio-Economic Problems -- 5.1 Social Problems Due to Arsenic Contamination -- 5.2 Economic Problems Due to Arsenic Contamination -- 5.3 Health Issues and Problems -- 5.4 Agricultural Productivity Issues -- 6…Concluding Remarks -- References -- 11 Climate Change and Tomography -- 1…Introduction -- 2…Algebraic Method -- 2.1 Weight Generation for a Test Case -- 2.2 Pixel Updation -- 3…GPU Implementation -- 4…Results -- 5…Conclusion -- References -- 12 Rethinking Sustainable Development in the Context of Climate Change: Self-Development, Social Transformations and Planetary Realizations -- 1…Introduction and Invitation -- 2…Sustainable Development as Transformative Quest in the Context of Climate Change -- 3…Social Transformations -- 4…Planetary Realizations -- References -- 13 Biofuels Utilisation: An Attempt to Reduce GHG's and Mitigate Climate Change -- 1…Introduction -- 1.1 Global Land Availability and Biomass Production -- 1.2 Advantages of Using Biofuels -- 1.3 EU Mandate -- 1.4 Hypothesis -- 1.5 Biofuels Available. , 1.6 Present Status and Future Prospects -- 1.7 Next Generation Biofuels -- 1.8 Objectives of Study -- 2…Methodology -- 2.1 Growth and Cultivation of Biofuel Plants -- 2.2 Bioethanol Production -- 3…Results -- 3.1 Development of Biofuel Resources -- 3.2 Hydrocarbons from Plants -- 3.3 Jatropha curcas -- 3.4 Possible Alternatives -- 4…Future of Bioenergy -- 4.1 Lignocellulosic Biofuels -- 4.2 Why is Cellulose So Difficult to Turn into Fermentable Sugars? -- 4.3 Synthetic Biology for Biofuels -- 4.4 Synthetic Biology -- 5…Metabolic Engineering -- 6…Discussion -- Acknowledgments -- References -- 14 Impact of Forestry Products on Climate Change Mitigation in India -- 1…Introduction -- 2…Scope and Aim -- 3…Literature Survey -- 4…Methodology -- 4.1 Bamboo Mat Corrugated Sheet (BMCS) and Bamboo Mat Ridge Cap (BMRC) -- 4.2 Plywood -- 5…Results and Discussions -- 6…Conclusions -- References -- 15 Climate Change Impact in Cold Arid Desert of North--Western Himalaya: Community Based Adaptations and Mitigations -- 1…Introduction -- 2…Climate Change and its Impact in the Region -- 3…The Issue -- 4…Community Based Adaptations and Mitigations -- 4.1 Water Management -- 4.2 Purpose of Creating Artificial Glaciers -- 4.3 Design and Components of Artificial Glacier -- 4.4 Operational Aspects -- 4.5 Impact of Technology -- 4.6 Constraints in Operation of Technology -- 4.7 Relevance of Artificial Glaciers with Climate Change -- 4.8 Low Carbon Solar Greenhouse Vegetable Production -- 4.9 Conclusions and Policy Suggestions -- A.x(118). Annexure 1: Demography, Land Use and Agriculture Scenario of the Region -- References -- 16 Conservation of Multipurpose Tree Species to Ensure Ecosystem Sustainability and Farmers Livelihood in Indian Arid Zone -- 1…Introduction -- 2…Materials and Methods -- 3…Results and Discussion -- 3.1 Extent of the Arid Zone -- 3.2 Special Habitats. , 3.3 Arid Ecosystem and Climate Change.

Note: Description based upon print version of record , IntroductionMethodology for Biodiversity (Flora and Fauna) Study -- Plant biodiversity -- Animal biodiversity -- Status of biodiversity as per IUCN, IWPA and CITES in studied semi arid region, Karnataka, India -- Remote sensing and GIS in understanding the landscape dynamics -- Conclusion and Recommendations.