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  • 1
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    A review of present techniques and methodological advances in analyzing 234Th in aquatic systems (2006)
    In:  EPIC3Marine chemistry, 100(3), pp. 190-212
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-11-25
    Description: The short-lived thorium isotope 234Th (half-life 24.1 days) has been used as a tracer for a variety of transport processes in aquatic systems. Its use as a tracer of oceanic export on sinking particles has stimulated a rapidly increasing number of studies that require analyses of 234Th, both in marine and in freshwater systems. The original 234Th method is labour intensive. Thus, there has been a quest for simpler techniques that require smaller sample volumes. Here, we review current methodologies in the collection and analysis of 234Th from the water column, discuss their individual strengths and weaknesses, and provide an outlook on possible further improvements and future challenges. Also included in this review are recommendations on calibration procedures and on the production of standard materials as well as a flow chart designed to help researchers find the most appropriate 234Th analytical technique for a specific aquatic regime and known sampling constraints.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , isiRev
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  • 2
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    Intercalibration studies of short lived Thorium-234 in the water column and marine particles (2012)
    AMER SOC LIMNOLOGY OCEANOGRAPHY
    In:  EPIC3Limnology and Oceanography-Methods, AMER SOC LIMNOLOGY OCEANOGRAPHY, 10, pp. 631-644, ISSN: 1541-5856
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-16
    Description: Intercomparision of 234Th measurements in both water and particulate samples was carried out between 15 laboratories worldwide, as a part of GEOTRACES inter-calibration program. Particulate samples from four different stations namely BATS (both shallow and deep) and shelf station (shallow) in Atlantic and SAFE (both shallow and deep) and Santa Barbara station (shallow) in Pacific were used in the effort. Particulate inter-calibration results indicate good agreement between all the participating labs with data from all labs falling within the 95% confidence interval around the mean for most instances. Filter type experiments indicate no significant differences in 234Th activities between filter types and pore sizes (0.2–0.8 μm). The only exception are the quartz filters which are associated with 10-20% higher 234Th activities attributed to sorption of dissolved 234Th. Flow rate experiments showed a trend of decreasing 234Th activities with increasing flow rates (2-9 L min-1) for 〉51μm size particles, indicating particle loss during the pumping process. No change in 234Th activities on small particles was observed with increasing flow-rates. 234Th inter-calibration results from deep water samples at SAFe station indicate a variability of 〈3% amongst labs while dissolved 234Th data from surface water at Santa Barbara Station show a less robust agreement, possibly due to the loss of 234Th from decay and large in-growth corrections as a result of long gap between sample collection and processing.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , isiRev
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effector Mechanisms in Allograft Rejection (1986)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Immunology 4 (1986), S. 119-145 
    Details
    ISSN: 0732-0582
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.iy.04.040186.001003
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effect of walls on instability waves in supersonic shear layers (1991)
    New York, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Fluids 3 (1991), S. 356-358 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7666
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: A spatial stability analysis is performed to determine the effect of wall placement on instability waves in confined supersonic shear layers. It is shown that the growth rates of Kelvin–Helmholtz instability waves are independent of wall height. However, supersonic instability waves are found to exhibit peaks and valleys in their growth rate curve as a result of the reinforcement and cancellation of the reflected Mach waves at the shear layer. Finally, it is shown how the instability growth rates in a ducted shear layer may be maximized by the proper choice of the duct width to height ratio.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.858145
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    METABOLIC EFFECTS OF TOPICAL SILVER NITRATE THERAPY IN BURNS COVERING MORE THAN FIFTEEN PERCENT OF THE BODY SURFACE (1968)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 150 (1968), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1749-6632
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Notes: Electrolyte and water balance studies have been carried out on 20 patients with total body surface burns ranging from 15 to 85%. All patients were treated with 0.5% aqueous AgNo3 applied directly and continuously to the burn wound. The balance studies showed that the loss of Na through the burn wound was directly related to the square area of burn surface and was constant from day to day. Based on this steady and predictable loss of Na in the uninfected burn, a formula has been derived predicting the daily Na replacement necessary to cover the obligatory loss via the burn wound plus the requirements of normal metabolism. This formula has provided an accurate prediction of daily Na requirements in the treatment of thermal burns of widely varying extent, in patients of widely different ages, as judged by water and electrolyte balance studies.The formula provides a useful guide to the level of Na replacement required. Exact tailoring must be carried out to fit the needs of each patient. The direct monitoring of the accuracy of Na replacement by way of the serum Na level has been found cumbersome but intermittently necessary. In the burn patient in metabolic balance and taking a reasonable diet, the level of urinary excretion of Na has been found to be an accurate prediction of serum Na level. A urinary excretion of 40 mEq of Na per liter or above has uniformly reflected a normal serum Na level. The urinary Na has been used as an indicator of accurate replacement therapy replacing the majority of serum Na determinations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.1968.tb14719.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Altered Proximal T-Cell Receptor Signalling Events in Mouse CD4+ T Cells in the Presence of Anti-CD4 Monoclonal Antibodies: Evidence for Reduced Phosphorylation of Zap-70 and LAT (2003)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Scandinavian journal of immunology 57 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3083
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Anti-CD4 monoclonal antibodies are potential therapeutic agents for the prevention of autoimmune disease and treatment of rejection after organ transplantation and are capable of both restoring tolerance to self-antigens and inducing tolerance to antigens introduced under the cover of the antibody therapy in vivo. Tolerance to donor alloantigens can be induced in vivo by administering donor alloantigen in combination with either depleting (YTA 3.1) or nondepleting (YTS 177) anti-CD4, 28 days before heart transplantation in the mouse. The effect of anti-CD4 on proximal T-cell receptor (TCR) signalling pathways and proliferation was investigated in vitro and in vivo in the presence and absence of YTA 3.1 or YTS 177. Anti-CD4 was found to perturb proximal signalling events upon TCR/CD3 ligation, resulting in reduced tyrosine phosphorylation of Zap-70 and LAT (linker for activation of T cells) and reduced association of tyrosine-phosphorylated LAT with lck. This ultimately resulted in severely reduced proliferation of the responding CD4+ T cells. The signalling profile of the anti-CD4-treated cells resembled that of anergic T cells. This could be a result of a common mechanism involving perturbation in the formation of the central supramolecular activation cluster of the immunological synapse by impaired recruitment of CD4 and CD28, thereby resulting in severely reduced lck activation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-3083.2003.01241.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    HLA-A, B, C and HLA-DR antigens in extrinsic allergic alveolitis (budgerigar fancier's lung disease) (1982)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Clinical & experimental allergy 12 (1982), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2222
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Twenty-three patients with extrinsic allergic alveolitis due to an allergy to inhaled budgerigar serum protein (budgerigar fancier's lung disease) were typed for HLA-A, B, C and HLA-DR antigens. Antigen frequencies were compared with those found in 154 healthy control subjects. No statistically significant variation in the frequency of any HLA antigen was detected. Exclusion of two patients who had concurrent coeliac disease, and subdivision of the population into those with acute and chronic disease, failed to reveal any significant association with an HLA specificity. A non-significant increase in B8-DR3 amongst the patients with acute disease was noted. Possible reasons for the apparent HLA associations previously reported by others for extrinsic allergic alveolitis are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2222.1982.tb03125.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    HLA-A, B and C and HLA-DR antigens in intrinsic and allergic asthma (1980)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Clinical & experimental allergy 10 (1980), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2222
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Some 103 patients with asthma and 100 healthy volunteers have been typed for HLA-A, B and C and HLA-DR antigens. The 103 patients consisted of thirty-three with intrinsic asthma, thirty-four with extrinsic asthma, and thirty-six known to have precipitins to Aspergillus fumigatus. No increase in frequency of any of the A, B, C, or DR antigens was found to be significant after correction for the number of comparisons was made. However certain trends comparable to findings in other immunopathic disorders were noted. For example B12 was increased in the allergic asthmatics (46 vs 29% controls) and it is suggested that B12 is associated with the ability to produce the IgE antibodies. A3/B7/DRw2 (which are in linkage disequilibrium) all show a decreased frequency in intrinsic asthma (24, 12 and 9%vs 32, 26 and 24% respectively in controls). Finally B8 and DRw3, which showed a moderate increase in frequency in all three groups of asthmatics, were found in five of seven patients with low atopy but persisting antibodies to A. fumigatus. Further detailed studies of these asthmatic subgroups is warranted.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2222.1980.tb02094.x
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mechanisms of Allograft Rejection: The Roles of Cytotoxic T-Cells and Delayed-Type Hypersensitivity (1984)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Immunological reviews 77 (1984), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-065X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-065X.1984.tb00721.x
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) detection of early renal allograft infection with Candida glabrata—a case report (1999)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Cytopathology 10 (1999), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2303
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Introduction
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2303.1999.00181.x
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