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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    International journal of urology 3 (1996), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1442-2042
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 277 (1976), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1749-6632
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    World journal of urology 3 (1986), S. 209-214 
    ISSN: 1433-8726
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) has achieved an important role in the prophylaxis and treatment of superficial bladder cancer. It has been found effective in the prevention of recurrences after endoscopic surgery as well as in the treatment of residual tumors. The most dramatic responses have been consistently demonstrated in the treatment of carcinoma in situ. Recent experience suggests that prolongation of treatment beyond the 6 weeks advocated in early protocols, significantly increases the anti-tumor activity of BCG. The side effects of intravesical administration of the vaccine are, in the vast majority of patients, well-tolerated, minimal and self-limiting. No permanent functional or structural damage of the bladder has been observed. The effectiveness of BCG is primarily dependent on the strain used as well as the dose, duration and frequency of its administration.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    World journal of urology 8 (1990), S. 80-83 
    ISSN: 1433-8726
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Improved understanding of penile physiology has enabled a better therapeutic approach to the treatment of impotence. The injection of vaso-active drugs into the corpora cavernosa is highly effective in a large proportion of patients, but it has major drawbacks. With the exception of hormonal abnormalities in which supplemental or suppressive medication results in a high proportion of cures, the search for effective oral or transcutaneous medication has not yet resulted in dramatic clinical success. Most research has been centered on adrenoceptor antagonists, which have exhibited only limited activity. Other compounds include vaso-dilators such as nitroglycerine, which have shown the ability to enhance tumescence, but their effectiveness remains to be proven. Dopamine receptor agonists are another group of agents of some efficacy that are now under study. The complexity of interactions among the various central and peripheral neurotransmitters suggests that effective therapy for impotence may require a combination of drugs. Renewed efforts in this direction, with proper clinical trials, are justified and hold significant promise.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    World journal of urology 1 (1983), S. 233-238 
    ISSN: 1433-8726
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary There are few comparative or descriptive studies in the literature regarding aetiological factors in psychogenic impotence. Those that are available have major methodological weaknesses, among which are the lack of rigorous criteria for the selection of psychogenically impotent patients and a suitable control group for comparison. In this study these weaknesses have been overcome, and in addition, a scale has been devised which, it is believed, will have wide application in the assessment of impotence. The results of this pilot study show that no single cause is of paramount importance in the genesis of psychogenic impotence; rather a cluster of factors emerged which, taken together, proved to be excellent indicators of whether or not a patient's impotence was psychogenic. These factors included work, family and economic stress, together with response to stress — anxiety and depression. Alcohol, psychiatric illness, and the presence of premature ejaculation and performance anxiety prior to the onset of erectile difficulties did not emerge as causative factors. It is anticipated that the use of this scale will allow systematic evaluation of impotence and better communication among investigators in the field of sexual dysfunction.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cancer immunology immunotherapy 9 (1980), S. 69-72 
    ISSN: 1432-0851
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Although carcinoma in situ conveys the idea of an early neoplasm, such lesions in the bladder mucosa commonly exhibit a very aggressive behavior and carry a grave prognosis. Seven patients with in situ carcinoma of the bladder have been treated with intravesical and systemic administration of Bacillus Calmette-Guérin. Elimination of tumor was documented by endoscopy, histology and cytology in five patients. These five patients have remained tumor-free for periods ranging between 12 and 33 months (mean: 22.6). This preliminary study indicates that regional and systemic immunotherapy is an alternative worth additional investigation in patients with carcinoma in situ of the bladder.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cancer immunology immunotherapy 21 (1986), S. 156-160 
    ISSN: 1432-0851
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Natural killer (NK) cell activity was generated in the spleen of C3H/HeN mice by i.p. administration of poly I:C, while i.p. injection of BCG primarily promoted the generation of NK-like cells in peritoneal exudates (PE). A single injection of 10 mg of BCG 9 days before s.c. challenge with the MBT-2 murine bladder cancer was found to induce a 45% protection against tumor take. However, a single injection of 100 μg poly I:C 16 h before tumor cell challenge did not protect the animals against tumor take. Intratumoral injection of either PE cells from BCG-immunized or spleen cells from poly I:C-treated mice into mice developing tumor, was capable of suppressing tumor growth in vivo. The mean tumor diameters of these two experimental groups of animals on day 40 were significantly smaller (P〈0.005) than in the controls, and they survived approximately 10 days longer than the controls. Since this in vivo tumor suppressive effect by the lymphoid cell population correlated with the increase in NK-like cell activity assayed in vitro, and most of the adherent cells had been removed before injection, it is suggested that the antitumor function of the lymphoid cell population may be mostly due to the presence of “activated” NK or NK-like cells. These results support the concept of NK therapy for cancer.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    ISSN: 1573-6717
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Psychology
    Notes: Abstract Although there are psychogenic consequences of impotence for all impotent men, it is assumed that the psychogenic causes of impotence will only be evident in those men diagnosed as psychogenically impotent. Research into the psychogenic causes of impotence has been sparse. We developed a model of psychogenic impotence, and compared a group of organically impotent men and a group of psychogenically impotent men. Ninety subjects were selected from those referred to our multi-disciplinary sexual dysfunction clinic. It was hypothesised that psychogenically impotent men would score higher in the categories of problems with sexuality, interactional problems, lovemaking and relationship problems, companionship, friendship and partnership problems, problems in the family situation, and life stresses: and, that organically impotent men would score higher in the health problems category. The results suggested that interactional problems between patient and partner were common to both diagnostic groups, and that in all other categories (with the exception of health problems) psychogenically impotent men experienced more difficulty (p〈.05). Organically impotent men, as expected, exhibited more health problems (p〈.05); however, a large number of psychogenically impotent patients suffered from the same health problems. It was suggested that some psychogenically impotent men suffered from an insidious organic deterioration which was undectable at the time of diagnosis, and that with the progress of time, the diagnosis of some of these patients might change to organic impotence.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 2024-04-22
    Description: In situ measurements were undertaken during two non-upwelling periods (15 days in June 2012 and 7 days in May-June 2013) at a water depth of 1.5 m. pH, pCO2 and seawater temperature were measured with two Submersible Autonomous Moored Instruments (SAMI-pH and SAMI-CO2, deployed at the pier of Marina Papagayo (10.64154,-85.65571). Discrete water samples were used to validate the sensors, and salinity values were obtained from discrete water samples and used for correction of pH values. Wind speed data was obtained from a station of the Instituto Metereológico Nacional (National Metereological Institute of Costa Rica) located at the nearby Liberia airport. Tidal data was provided by Módulo de Información Oceanográfica of the University of Costa Rica.
    Keywords: Alkalinity, total; Aragonite saturation state; Calculated using CO2SYS; Carbon, inorganic, dissolved; Carbonate chemistry; Carbon dioxide; Coastal; COSTACID; Costa Rica; Costa Rican Coral Reefs Under Natural Acidification; CR_Papagayo_2012; CR_Papagayo_2013; DATE/TIME; DEPTH, water; Event label; In situ; Latitude of event; Longitude of event; MOOR; Mooring; pH; pH sensor SAMI-pH, Sunburst Sensors; Temperature, water; Tide level; Wind speed
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 5184 data points
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 2018-03-05
    Description: Within the framework of the JGOFS Pilot Study in 1989 mesozooplankton (0.2–20 mm) was sampled by means of a Hydro-Bios multinet in five depth strata (0–25, 25–50, 50–100, 100–200, 200–500 m) during four Lagrangian drift experiments of 8–14 days' duration at 18, 33, 46 and 58°N, to follow the seasonal progress of the phytoplankton spring bloom development in the northeast Atlantic. Mesozooplankton standing stock, measured as dry weight and ash-free dry weight, increased by a factor of about 6 from 18 to 58°N. Day/night differences amounted to 10–20% of the average and were—with one exception at 18°N—not statistically significant. Using the data on weight-specific respiration rates measured by colleagues on the same cruise, the ingestion rates and potential community grazing of mesozooplankton on phytoplankton within the upper 100 m of the water column were calculated. During all four drift experiments, quasi-steady-state conditions were observed in phyto- and zooplankton standing stock, primary production and daily sedimentation at 100 m depth. The maximum potential grazing rate by mesozooplankton accounted for about half of the daily primary production. Since sedimentation of fresh phytoplankton was negligible, it is concluded that the grazing pressure exercised by mesozooplankton together with micro- and nanozooplankton was responsible for keeping the phytoplankton standing stock at a more or less constant level during the investigated spring bloom in the four areas. Particle flux was thus dominated by zooplankton faecal material.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
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