Note: Dateiformat Volltext: PDF, abstracts

Note: Dateiformat Volltext: PDF, abstracts

Note: Front Cover -- Sediment Provenance -- SEDIMENT PROVENANCE: INFLUENCES ON COMPOSITIONAL CHANGE FROM SOURCE TO SINK -- Copyright -- Dedication -- Contents -- Contributors -- 1 - Sediment Provenance: Influence on Compositional Change From Source to Sink -- Acknowledgment -- References -- 2 - Evolution of Siliciclastic Provenance Inquiries: A Critical Appraisal -- 1. INTRODUCTION -- 2. PURPOSE AND SCOPE -- 3. MATERIALS AND RELEVANT PROPERTIES -- 4. INVESTIGATIVE TECHNIQUES AND INSIGHTFUL RESULTS -- 4.1 Optical Microscopy -- 4.2 Chemical Compositions of Bulk Rocks -- 4.3 Populations of Single Derital Minerals -- 5. THE CRITIQUE -- 5.1 Bulk Mineralogical Compositions -- 5.2 Bulk Chemical Compositions -- 5.3 Properties of Single Minerals -- 6. DISCUSSION -- 7. THE FUTURE -- 8. CONCLUSIONS -- Acknowledgments -- References -- APPENDIX I. DIVERSE CRITERIA FOR MODAL ANALYSIS OF SANDSTONES -- 3 - Tracing the Source of the Bio/Siliciclastic Beach Sands at Rosa Marina (Apulian Coast, SE Italy) -- 1. INTRODUCTION -- 1.1 Beaches as Multiprocess Environments -- 1.2 Characteristics of Beach Sands -- 2. SETTING OF THE STUDY AREA -- 2.1 Geographical Aspects -- 2.2 Stratigraphy and Sedimentology -- 3. METHODS -- 3.1 Sampling of the Beach Sand -- 3.2 Petrographical Methods -- 4. CHARACTERISTICS OF THE BEACH SAND AND OLDER UNITS -- 4.1 Composition of the Beach Sand -- 4.2 Grain-Size Characteristics of the Beach Sand -- 4.3 Older Sedimentary Units -- 4.4 Classification of the Beach Sand -- 5. MARINE LIFE FORMS CONTRIBUTING TO THE BEACH SAND -- 5.1 The Main Biocenoses -- 6. CONCLUSIONS -- References -- 4 - Changes in the Heavy-Mineral Spectra on Their Way From Various Sources to Joint Sinks: A Case Study of Pleistoc ... -- 1. INTRODUCTION -- 2. GEOGRAPHICAL SETTING -- 3. METHODS -- 4. HEAVY-MINERAL SPECTRA -- 4.1 Northern Sources of the Heavy Minerals. , 4.2 The IMV Substratum as a Source -- 4.3 Source Areas in the South -- 4.4 Postdepositional Processes Affecting the Heavy-Mineral Spectra -- 4.5 Sorting as an Important Factor Controlling the Heavy-Mineral Spectra -- 5. DISCUSSION -- 5.1 Factors Influencing Heavy-Mineral Spectra -- 5.2 Sources of the Sediments Under Study -- 6. CONCLUSIONS -- References -- 5 - Reconstructions of Paleohydraulic Conditions From Primary Sedimentary Structures: Problems and Implications for ... -- 1. INTRODUCTION -- 2. ENTRAINMENT AND TRANSPORTATION -- 3. BED FORM STABILITY -- 3.1 Froude Number and the Bed Form Geometry -- 4. ESTIMATION OF PALEOHYDRAULIC PARAMETERS FROM DIFFERENT STRUCTURES -- 4.1 Dunes and Ripples -- 4.2 Cross-Stratification -- 4.3 Antidune -- 5. RANDOMNESS OF EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS -- 6. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS -- References -- 6 - Physico-Chemical Characteristics of the Barremian-Aptian Siliciclastic Rocks in the Pondicherry Embryonic Rift ... -- 1. INTRODUCTION -- 2. GEOLOGICAL BACKGROUND -- 3. METHODOLOGY -- 4. FACIES ANALYSIS -- 4.1 Facies Association I, Scree Cone -- 4.1.1 Interpretation -- 4.2 Facies Association II, Alluvial Fan Apex -- 4.2.1 Interpretation -- 4.3 Facies Association III, Alluvial Fan Base -- 4.3.1 Interpretation -- 4.4 Facies Association IV, Axial Channel Association -- 4.4.1 Interpretation -- 4.5 Facies Association V, Intermediate Flood-Plain Association -- 4.5.1 Interpretation -- 4.6 Facies Association VI, Distal Flood-Plain Association -- 4.6.1 Interpretation -- 5. SANDSTONE PETROGRAPHY -- 6. GEOCHEMISTRY -- 6.1 Results of Major and Trace Element Analysis -- 6.2 Discussion: Implications of Geochemical and Physical Characteristics for Sediments -- 6.2.1 Provenance and Tectonic Setting -- 6.2.2 Comparison With Upper Cratonic Crust Standards -- 6.2.3 Weathering Intensity -- 6.2.4 Rainfall and Temperature. , 6.2.5 Paleogeographic Overprint -- 7. CONCLUSIONS -- Acknowledgments -- References -- 7 - Petrological and Geochemical Constraints on Provenance, Paleoweathering, and Tectonic Setting of Clastic Sedime ... -- 1. INTRODUCTION -- 2. SEDIMENTOLOGICAL CONSIDERATIONS AND TECTONICS -- 2.1 Sediment Chronology and Depositional Environment -- 2.2 Tectonics -- 3. METHODOLOGY -- 4. RESULTS -- 4.1 Petrographic Description -- 4.2 Chemical Composition -- 4.3 Elemental Variations -- 4.3.1 Major Oxides -- 4.3.2 Trace Elements -- 4.3.3 Rare Earth Elements -- 5. DISCUSSION -- 5.1 Statistical Analysis -- 5.2 Paleoweathering -- 5.3 Sediment Sorting and Recycling -- 5.4 Provenance -- 5.5 Tectonic Setting -- 5.5.1 Interpreted Tectonic Setting in the Context of Regional Tectonic Development -- 6. CONCLUSIONS -- Acknowledgments -- References -- 8 - What Are the Origins of V-Shaped (Chevron) Dunes in Madagascar? The Case for Their Deposition by a Holocene Meg ... -- 1. INTRODUCTION -- 2. BACKGROUND -- 3. SAMPLE SELECTION AND PROCESSING -- 4. SEDIMENTARY CHARACTERISTICS OF CHEVRON SANDS -- 5. CHARACTERISTICS OF INDIVIDUAL CHEVRONS -- 5.1 Fenambosy Chevron -- 6. AMPALAZA CHEVRON -- 7. DISCUSSION OF MADAGASCAR CHEVRONS -- 8. GEOCHRONOLOGY -- 9. ORIGIN OF THE MADAGASCAR CHEVRONS INVESTIGATED HERE -- 10. OTHER MODERN TSUNAMI DEPOSITS: MIXTURES OF CARBONATE-RICH SAND AND LARGE ROCKS -- 11. SUGGESTIONS FOR FURTHER WORK -- APPENDIX 8.1: WEIGHT PERCENTAGE DATA OF DIFFERENT GRAIN SIZES USED TO CALCULATE GRAIN SIZE PARAMETERS IN TABLE 8.2 -- Acknowledgments -- References -- 9 - The Contourite Problem -- 1. INTRODUCTION -- 1.1 Contourite Research -- 1.2 Description of the Problem -- 2. GLOBAL THERMOHALINE CIRCULATION -- 3. DEEP-WATER BOTTOM CURRENTS -- 3.1 Thermohaline-Driven Geostrophic Contour Currents -- 3.2 Wind-Driven Bottom Currents -- 3.3 Tide-Driven Bottom Currents. , 3.4 Internal Wave- and Tide-Driven Baroclinic Currents -- 4. FUNDAMENTAL CONTOURITE PROBLEMS -- 4.1 Dual Forcing of Global Ocean Circulation -- 4.2 Continuum Between Turbidity Currents and Contour Currents -- 4.3 Revision of the Basic Principle of Contour Currents -- 4.4 Hiatuses in Contourites -- 4.5 Origin of Erosional Features -- 4.6 Gulf of Cadiz as the Type Locality -- 4.6.1 Channel-Current Stage -- 4.6.2 Mixing and Spreading Stage -- 4.6.3 Contour-Current Stage -- 4.7 The Contourite Facies Model -- 4.7.1 Five Internal Divisions -- 4.7.2 Current Velocities -- 4.7.3 Internal Hiatuses -- 4.7.4 Bioturbation -- 4.7.5 Multiple Interactive Processes -- 4.8 Grain-Size Data and Related Issues -- 4.9 Traction Structures and Shale Clasts -- 4.10 Bedform-Velocity Matrix -- 4.11 Seismic Profiles, Sonar Images, and Submarine Photographs -- 4.12 Oceanic Waves -- 4.12.1 Internal Waves and Tides -- 4.12.2 Cyclonic Waves -- 4.12.3 Tsunami Waves -- 4.13 Reservoir Quality -- 4.14 Sediment Provenance -- 4.14.1 Current Directions -- 4.14.2 Detrital Composition -- 4.15 Abyssal Plain Contourites -- 5. CONCLUDING REMARKS -- Acknowledgments -- References -- 10 - Fluvial Systems, Provenance, and Reservoir Development in the Eocene Brennan Basin Member of the Duchesne Rive ... -- 1. INTRODUCTION -- 2. GEOLOGICAL CONTEXT -- 3. REGIONAL SEDIMENTARY FACIES OF THE BRENNAN BASIN MEMBER -- 4. METHOD -- 5. SANDSTONE COMPOSITION AND PALEOCURRENTS -- 6. PETROGRAPHY -- 7. SYNTHESIS OF PALEODRAINAGE MODEL -- 8. DISCUSSION -- 9. CONCLUSIONS -- Acknowledgments -- References -- 11 - Changes in the Shape of Breccia Lenses Sliding From Source to Sink in the Cambrian Epeiric Sea of the North Ch ... -- 1. INTRODUCTION -- 2. GEOLOGICAL SETTING -- 3. THE BRECCIA LENSES -- 3.1 Shapes and Characteristics of the Lenses -- 3.1.1 Lens 1 -- 3.1.2 Lens 2 -- 3.1.3 Lens 3 -- 3.1.4 Lens 4. , 3.1.5 Lens 5 -- 3.2 Shapes and Characteristics of the Tails -- 3.3 Shapes and Characteristics of the Shear Planes -- 4. GENETIC INTERPRETATION OF THE LENSES AND THEIR SHAPES -- 5. CHANGE OF SHAPE DURING AND AFTER SLIDING -- 5.1 Postdepositional Changes in Architecture -- 5.1.1 Shaping of the Upper Surface -- 5.1.2 Formation and Shaping of the Tails -- 5.2 Changes in Shape During Sliding -- 5.2.1 Formation of the Breccia Level Under the Lenses -- 5.2.2 The Tear Shape of the Frontal Part -- 6. DISCUSSION -- 6.1 Possible Other Genetic Mechanisms -- 6.2 Required Inclination of the Slide Plane -- 6.3 Fragmentation of the Breccia Layer -- 6.4 Source Area -- Acknowledgments -- References -- 12 - Provenance of Chert Rudites and Arenites in the Northern Canadian Cordillera -- 1. INTRODUCTION -- 2. LITHOLOGY AND SEDIMENTOLOGY -- 3. PETROGRAPHY -- 3.1 Conglomerates -- 3.2 Sandstones -- 4. ZIRCON GEOCHRONOLOGY -- 5. INTERPRETATION -- 5.1 Detrital Provenance -- 5.1.1 Quartz -- 5.1.2 Feldspar -- 5.1.3 Nonchert Lithic Grains -- 5.1.4 Chert -- 5.2 Zircon Provenance -- 6. DISCUSSION -- 7. CONCLUSIONS -- Acknowledgments -- References -- 13 - Late Neoproterozoic to Early Mesozoic Sedimentary Rocks of the Tasmanides, Eastern Australia: Provenance Switc ... -- 1. INTRODUCTION -- 2. GEOLOGICAL SETTING AND SUBDIVISIONS OF THE TASMANIDES -- 3. PROVENANCE -- 3.1 Influx of Pacific-Gondwana Sediment -- 3.2 Ordovician Turbidites and Macquarie Arc in the Lachlan Orogen -- 3.3 Silurian-Devonian Foreland Successions in the Western and Southern Lachlan Orogen -- 3.4 Provenance of New England Orogen Sandstones and Conglomerates and Provenance Switching in Subduction Complex Sandstones of ... -- 3.5 Local Derivation in the Northern Tasmanides (Mossman Orogen) -- 3.6 Orogenic and Cratonic Sources in the Permian-Triassic Sydney Basin -- 4. DISCUSSION. , 4.1 Sources of Sedimentary Rocks in the Tasmanides.