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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    On the Lie algebras generated by two two-forms in Minkowski space–time (1996)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Mathematical Physics 37 (1996), S. 5792-5804 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7658
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Mathematics , Physics
    Notes: In relativity, planes and two-forms play important roles in the description of physical configurations or objects. When these configurations or objects interact, or are superposed, the corresponding planes or two-forms appear associated by pairs, and the relative position of the pair allows the classification of the particular form of the interaction. Here it is shown that in Minkowski space a pair of planes may adopt 35 relative positions. This result allows the almost complete characterization of the dimension of the Lie (sub)algebras (of the Lorentz group) generated by a pair of two-forms in terms of the relative position of their invariant planes. Furthermore, it is shown that, apart from Patera et al. algebras F2 and F5 (for which the eigenvalues' ratios have to be computed as well), the position of their invariant planes is also sufficient to determine the algebra itself generated by two two-forms. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.531699
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    On the commutator of two 2-forms in Minkowski space–time (1995)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Mathematical Physics 36 (1995), S. 4350-4362 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7658
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Mathematics , Physics
    Notes: In the space–time of general relativity, 2-forms play several important roles. But their commutators are generally seen as elements related to their algebraic aspects, rather than to their geometric ones. Here a clear geometric meaning of the commutator of two 2-forms is given. To obtain it, some simple notions on the Minkowski tangent space are needed. The characteristic tetrad and the characteristic planes of two generic planes are introduced. For nongeneric planes (those that cut each other or coincide), the matrix of their intersections and of the intersections of their orthogonals is considered, and some of its properties analyzed. The orthogonal cut of a plane is defined and the planes that orthogonally cut two given planes are studied. These results allow one to relate very easily the invariant planes of the commutator of two 2-forms to the invariant planes of the 2-forms: the first ones are the single orthogonal cut of the last ones. Some applications are indicated. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.530966
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mechanisms of Pulmonary Fibrosis (2004)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Medicine 55 (2004), S. 395-417 
    Details
    ISSN: 0066-4219
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Tissue injury evokes highly conserved, tightly regulated inflammatory responses and less well-understood host repair responses. Both inflammation and repair involve the recruitment, activation, apoptosis, and eventual clearance of key effector cells. In this review, we propose the concept of pulmonary fibrosis as a dysregulated repair process that is perpetually "turned on" even though classical inflammatory pathways may be dampened or "switched off." Significant regional heterogeneity, with varied histopathological patterns of inflammation and fibrosis, has been observed in individual patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. We discuss environmental factors and host response factors, such as genetic susceptibility and age, that may influence these varied manifestations. Better understanding of the mechanisms of lung repair, which include alveolar reepithelialization, myofibroblast differentiation/activation, and apoptosis, should offer more effective therapeutic options for progressive pulmonary fibrosis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.med.55.091902.103810
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The composition of back-arc basin lower crust and upper mantle in the Mariana Trough: A first report (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    The @island arc 5 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1440-1738
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract The Mariana Trough is an active back-arc basin, with the rift propagating northward ahead of spreading. The northern part of the Trough is now rifting, with extension accommodated by combined stretching and igneous intrusion. Deep structural graben are found in a region of low heat flow, and we interpret these to manifest a low-angle normal fault system that defines the extension axis between 19°45′ and 21°10′N. A single dredge haul from the deepest (∼5.5 km deep) of these graben recovered a heterogeneous suite of volcanic and plutonic crustal rocks and upper mantle peridotites, providing the first report of the deeper levels of back-arc basin lithosphere. Several lines of evidence indicate that these rocks are similar to typical back-arc basin lithosphere and are not fragments of rifted older arc lithosphere. Hornblende yielded an 40Ar/39Ar age of 1.8 ± 0.6 Ma, which is interpreted to approximate the time of crust formation. Harzburgite spinels have moderate Cr# (〈40) and coexisting compositions of clinopyroxene (CPX) and plagioclase (PLAB) fall in the field of mid-ocean ridge basalt (MORB) gabbros. Crustal rocks include felsic rocks (70-80% SiO2) and plutonic rocks that are rich in amphibole. Chemical compositions of crustal rocks show little evidence for a ‘subduction component’, and radiogenic isotopic compositions correspond to that expected for back-arc basin crust of the Mariana Trough. These data indicate that mechanical extension in this part of the Mariana Trough involves lithosphere that originally formed magmatically. These unique exposures of back-arc basin lithosphere call for careful study using ROVs and manned submersibles, and consideration as an ocean drilling program (ODP) drilling site.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-1738.1996.tb00036.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Worldwide variations in prevalence of symptoms of allergic rhinoconjunctivitis in children: the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC) (1997)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Pediatric allergy and immunology 8 (1997), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1399-3038
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background: As part of the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in CHITdFood (ISAAC), prevalence surveys were conducted among representative samples of school children from locations in Europe, Asia. Africa. Australasia. North and South America.Subjects: 257.800 children aged 6-7 years from 91 centres in 38 countries, and 463,801 children aged 13-14 years from 155 centres in 56 countries. Methods: Written symptom questionnaires were translated from Fnglish into the local language for self-completion hy the 13-14-year-olds and completion by the parent.s of the 6-7-year-olds. Rhinitis was described as a problem with sneezing, or a runny, or blocked nose when you (your child) DID NOT have a cold or the flu. Additional questions were asked about rhinitis associated with itchy-watery eyes, interference with activities and a history of hay fever ever.Results: The prevalenee of rhinitis with itchy-watery eyes (“rhinoeonjunc-tivitis”) in the past year varied across centres from 0.8%(to 14.9%c in the 6-7-year-olds and from 1.4% to 39.7% in the 13-14-year-olds. Within each age group, the global pattem was broadly consistent across each of the symptom categories. In centres of higher prevalence there was great variability in the proportion of rhinoconjunctivitis labelled as hay fever. The lowest prevalences of rhinoconjunctivitis were found in parts of eastern Furope. south and central Asia. High prevalences were reported from cen-tres in several regions.Conclusion: These results suggest substantial worldwide variations in the prevalence and labelling of symptoms of allergic rhinoconjunctivitis which rcqtiirc further study. These differences, if real, may offer important clues t o environmental influences on ullergy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-3038.1997.tb00156.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cutting the cord: is birth already too late for primary prevention of allergy? (1997)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Clinical & experimental allergy 27 (1997), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2222
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2222.1997.tb00665.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    En La Tercera Edad: New Programmes to Promote the Health of Older People in Costa Rica (1990)
    Cambridge : Cambridge University Press
    Ageing and society 10 (1990), S. 397-411 
    Details
    ISSN: 0144-686X
    Source: Cambridge Journals Digital Archives
    Topics: Medicine , Sociology
    Notes: Older people are increasing in number and proportion of the population in Latin America and, as they do, their health and social needs are becoming more apparent. This paper describes new initiatives to promote health and well-being in Costa Rica, a Latin American country which is economically poor by international standards, but which is known for its emphasis on health and human services. It draws on research to provide perspectives on health and ageing, discuss initiatives from neighbourhood to nation, and analyse prospects for the future. It emphasises health and ageing in Costa Rica, but identifies issues in terms of their wider significance.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0144686X00007388
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Prenatal factors associated with the development of eczema in the first year of life (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Munksgaard International Publishers
    Pediatric allergy and immunology 16 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1399-3038
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Prenatal factors have been implicated in childhood eczema, but the relationship between maternal cytokine production during pregnancy and infant eczema is unknown. Non-selected women in their third trimester were enrolled in the Tucson Infant Immune Study. Data from three sources were used to define MD-eczema: parent-completed illness questionnaires at age 2, 3, 4, 6 and 9 months regarding physician-seen eczema, parent-completed questionnaires at 12 months regarding physician-diagnosed eczema, and medical record reviews. Blood samples were taken from mothers during their third trimester and from the umbilical cord at birth. Maternal peripheral blood mononuclear cells and cord blood mononuclear cells were stimulated with ConA/PMA, and supernatants were assayed for IFN-γ and IL-4, -5, -10, and -13. Of 364 children, 28% were seen by a physician for eczema by 1 yr of age. After adjustment for potential confounders using logistic regression, the odds for development of eczema in infancy were significantly higher when mothers had active eczema in pregnancy (OR, 2.46, CI 1.0–5.8, p 〈 0.042) and when mothers were in the highest tertile of serum IgE production (OR 2.28, CI 1.2–4.4, p 〈 0.013). Colds in the third trimester were associated with lower odds of eczema (OR 0.32, CI 0.16–0.63, p 〈 0.001). Our findings from this cohort study suggest that in utero factors, including maternal IgE, colds, and eczema, may influence the risk of infant eczema.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-3038.2005.00233.x
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Single nucleotide polymorphisms in innate immunity genes: abundant variation and potential role in complex human disease (2002)
    Oxford, UK : Munksgaard International Publishers
    Immunological reviews 190 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-065X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary: Under selective pressure from infectious microorganisms, multicellular organisms have evolved immunological defense mechanisms, broadly categorized as innate or adaptive. Recent insights into the complex mechanisms of human innate immunity suggest that genetic variability in genes encoding its components may play a role in the development of asthma and related diseases. As part of a systematic assessment of genetic variability in innate immunity genes, we have thus far have examined 16 genes by resequencing 93 unrelated subjects from three ethnic samples (European American, African American and Hispanic American) and a sample of European American asthmatics. Approaches to discovering and understanding variation and the subsequent implementation of disease association studies are described and illustrated. Although highly conserved across a wide range of species, the innate immune genes we have sequenced demonstrate substantial interindividual variability predominantly in the form of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). Genetic variation in these genes may play a role in determining susceptibility to a range of common, chronic human diseases which have an inflammatory component. Differences in population history have produced distinctive patterns of SNP allele frequencies, linkage disequilibrium and haplotypes when ethnic groups are compared. These and other factors must be taken into account in the design and analysis of disease association studies.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1034/j.1600-065X.2002.19002.x
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Metamorphic core complex formation by density inversion and lower-crust extrusion (2001)
    [s.l.] : Macmillian Magazines Ltd.
    Nature 411 (2001), S. 930-934 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Metamorphic core complexes are domal uplifts of metamorphic and plutonic rocks bounded by shear zones that separate them from unmetamorphosed cover rocks. Interpretations of how these features form are varied and controversial, and include models involving extension on low-angle normal faults, ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/35082042
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