Abstract: The large acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patient-derived data sets collected within the European HARMONY alliance allows to study the molecular heterogeneity underlying AML in detail. Especially, how cytogenetic and molecular genetic aberrations differentially affect patients. Here, we report first results on the differences in mutational patterns in males and females. We studied a cohort of AML patients characterized by a panel of 70 molecular abnormalities comprising both cytogenetic and genetic observations. We quantified the differences of molecular patterns between sexes in two ways: 1) by comparing the number of gene-gene mutation co-occurrence and mutual mutation exclusivity with a χ 2 test, 2) exploiting the Hierarchical Dirichlet process (HDP) for molecular components discovery. In particular, we added sex as a further layer of the hierarchy allowing the same molecular components to be differently re-weighted based on gender. The HARMONY AML cohort comprised 2796 patients with detailed molecular information from targeted sequencing of 41 genes and detailed cytogenetic information condensed into 29 cytogenetic properties, known, a priori, to be relevant for the disease. Male to female ratio was 52% vs. 48% and median age was 52.0 (18.2 - 91.4) years. The entry data of the analysis were in the form of a binary matrix reporting the presence/absence of a given alteration in a patient. The χ 2 test based on the relative co-occurrence of mutation pairs suggested a significant difference between men and women solely for RUNX1 and NPM1. The number of co-occurrences was higher in male than in females. No significant mutual exclusive mutations were found between the populations. By using a two hierarchic levels HDP clustering we identified 11 overall molecular components shared by all AML patients. Six of these components are characterized by one or more genetic drivers, namely: NPM1, RUNX1, Complex-Karyotype-TP53, FLT3-IDH2, IDH2, CEPBA-biallelic, while the others were driven by cytogenetic abnormalities: t(6;9), t(8;21), inv(3), rearrangement of 11q23, inv(16). These results were in agreement with the current WHO AML classification and with other recent studies, which have attempted to improve stratification/classification of patients based on their molecular aberration patterns. While the molecular components were the same for all patients, major differences were observed in the contribution of NPM1 and RUNX1 components to males' and females' genotypes. On one side, NPM1 component has a double weight in females with respect to males. On the other hand, RUNX1 impacts males much more than females. The other aberrations were equally represented in both sexes. To test the robustness of the differences found between sexes, we compared these results with random splits of the datasets finding no differences in component weights, thereby validating our observations. Big data collections such as the HARMONY Alliance data base ensure data comparability via OMOP common data model harmonization approaches thereby offering the possibility to study large cohort that allow meaningful subgroup analyses such as the one focusing on gender imbalances. Proving the concept of the HARMONY Alliance data hub, our study confirms a female preponderance for NPM1 mutations and an association of RUNX1 mutations with male gender. Impact on patient outcome is currently evaluated and will be presented at the annual meeting. Figure 1 Figure 1. Disclosures Heckman: Celgene/BMS: Research Funding; Orion Pharma: Research Funding; Novartis: Research Funding; Oncopeptides: Consultancy, Research Funding; Kronos Bio, Inc.: Research Funding. Dombret: Abbvie: Honoraria; Amgen: Honoraria, Research Funding; Incyte: Honoraria, Research Funding; Jazz Pharmaceuticals: Honoraria, Research Funding; NOVARTIS: Research Funding; pfizer: Honoraria, Research Funding; servier: Research Funding; BMS-Celgene: Honoraria; Daiichi Sankyo: Honoraria. Montesinos: Tolero Pharmaceutical: Consultancy; Agios: Consultancy; Stemline/Menarini: Consultancy; Teva: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding, Speakers Bureau; Sanofi: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Speakers Bureau; Pfizer: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding, Speakers Bureau; Novartis: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding, Speakers Bureau; Karyopharm: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding; Janssen: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding, Speakers Bureau; Incyte: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Speakers Bureau; Daiichi Sankyo: Consultancy, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding, Speakers Bureau; Celgene: Consultancy, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding, Speakers Bureau; Forma Therapeutics: Consultancy; Glycomimetics: Consultancy; AbbVie: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding, Speakers Bureau; Astellas Pharma, Inc.: Consultancy, Honoraria, Other: Advisory board, Research Funding, Speakers Bureau. Sierra: Astellas: Consultancy, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding, Speakers Bureau; Novartis: Honoraria, Research Funding, Speakers Bureau; Jazz Pharmaceuticals: Research Funding; Janssen: Other: Educational grant; Roche: Other: Educational grant; Pfizer: Honoraria; BMS Celgene: Honoraria, Research Funding; Alexion: Other: Educational grant; Amgen: Other: Educational grant; Abbvie: Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Speakers Bureau. Mayer: Principia: Research Funding. Voso: Novartis: Speakers Bureau; Celgene: Consultancy, Research Funding, Speakers Bureau. Sanz: Roche: Consultancy, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Other: Travel, accommodations, and expenses; Amgen: Consultancy, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Takeda: Consultancy, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Other: Travel, accommodations, and expenses, Speakers Bureau; Novartis: Consultancy, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Speakers Bureau; Boehringer Ingelheim: Consultancy, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Janssen: Consultancy, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Gilead Sciences: Other: Travel, accommodations, and expenses; Helsinn Healthcare: Consultancy, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Abbvie: Consultancy, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Celgene: Consultancy, Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Other: Travel, accommodations, and expenses, Research Funding. Calado: Novartis: Current Employment. Döhner: Agios and Astex: Research Funding; Daiichi Sankyo: Honoraria, Other: Advisory Board; Jazz Roche: Consultancy, Honoraria; Abbvie: Consultancy, Honoraria; Janssen: Honoraria, Other: Advisory Board; Astellas: Research Funding; Celgene/BMS: Consultancy, Honoraria, Research Funding; Novartis: Consultancy, Honoraria, Research Funding. Gaidzik: Pfizer: Speakers Bureau; Janssen: Speakers Bureau; Abbvie: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Speakers Bureau. Heuser: BergenBio: Research Funding; Jazz Pharmaceuticals: Honoraria, Research Funding; BMS/Celgene: Research Funding; Bayer AG: Honoraria, Research Funding; Astellas: Research Funding; Daichi Sankyo: Honoraria, Research Funding; Karyopharm: Research Funding; Novartis: Honoraria, Research Funding; Pfizer: Honoraria, Research Funding; Roche: Research Funding; Tolremo: Honoraria; AbbVie: Honoraria; Janssen: Honoraria. Haferlach: MLL Munich Leukemia Laboratory: Other: Part ownership. Sobas: Celgene: Consultancy, Honoraria; Novartis: Consultancy, Honoraria. Turki: CSL Behring: Consultancy; Jazz Pharma: Consultancy, Speakers Bureau; MSD: Consultancy, Speakers Bureau. Schulze-Rath: Bayer: Current Employment. Hernández Rivas: Pfizer: Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Novartis: Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding; Celgene/BMS: Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding; Amgen: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees. Döhner: Abbvie: Honoraria, Research Funding; Agios: Honoraria, Research Funding; Amgen: Honoraria, Research Funding; Astellas: Honoraria, Research Funding; Astex Pharmaceuticals: Honoraria; AstraZeneca: Honoraria; Berlin-Chemie: Honoraria; Bristol Myers Squibb: Honoraria, Research Funding; Celgene: Honoraria, Research Funding; GEMoaB: Honoraria; Gilead: Honoraria; Helsinn: Honoraria; Janssen: Honoraria; Jazz Pharmaceuticals: Honoraria, Research Funding; Novartis: Honoraria, Research Funding; Oxford Biomedica: Honoraria; Pfizer: Research Funding; Roche: Honoraria. Ossenkoppele: Abbvie, AGIOS, BMS/Celgene Astellas,AMGEN, Gilead,Servier,JAZZ,Servier Novartis: Consultancy, Honoraria; Servier: Consultancy, Honoraria; Agios: Consultancy, Honoraria; Astellas: Consultancy, Honoraria; BMS/Celgene: Consultancy, Honoraria; Jazz: Consultancy, Honoraria; Gilead: Consultancy, Honoraria. Bullinger: Menarini: Consultancy; Amgen: Honoraria; Hexal: Consultancy; Novartis: Consultancy, Honoraria; Bristol-Myers Squibb: Consultancy, Honoraria; Pfizer: Consultancy, Honoraria; Jazz Pharmaceuticals: Consultancy, Honoraria, Research Funding; Janssen: Consultancy, Honoraria; Celgene: Consultancy, Honoraria; Daiichi Sankyo: Consultancy, Honoraria; Astellas: Honoraria; Abbvie: Consultancy, Honoraria; Gilead: Consultancy; Sanofi: Honoraria; Seattle Genetics: Honoraria; Bayer: Research Funding.

Abstract: Background: The decision to perform allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (alloHSCT) in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is based on the risk-benefit ratio (non relapse mortality vs reduction of relapse risk). In 2017, the European LeukemiaNet (ELN) proposed a risk score based on cytogenetic and molecular genetic characteristics to facilitate this decision. Despite this improved classification of the genetic landscape of AML, the assessment of risk of relapse should be more precise. However, large cohorts are needed to analyze the clinical outcome of specific genetic alterations. Within the HARMONY alliance, we have now collected harmonized clinical and analytical data for a large number of AML patients. Aims: This study focuses on AML patients who achieved first complete remission (CR1) that, according to ELN risk (low/intermediate) assessment are not classical candidates for alloHSCT as consolidation therapy. The aim of this study is to create a more accurate risk prediction in this setting based on an on-line tool that can visualize the likelihood of relapse and thereby help to determine in which patient alloHSCT should be performed in CR1. Methods: The data included in the HARMONY alliance database was provided by 100 organisations in 18 European countries. In order to be accepted, they passed through quality control, anonymisation and harmonisation processes before being included in the database. Harmonisation is carried out according to the Observational Medical Outcomes Partnership (OMOP) Common Data Model (CDM), which is specially designed to accommodate both administrative claims and medical records, making it possible to bring together all the information from different data sources and to speed up its subsequent analysis. Through the analysis platform, we selected patients from the ~5700 patients available that matched the target population of the study. We filtered out those patients without sufficient information on their clinical course, those who did not achieve complete remission and patients with a poor prognosis (adverse risk according to ELN2017), as the study focuses on patients who a priori did not have an indication for alloHSCT. This process resulted in a sample of 842 patients. In the next steps, variable selection was performed together with the treatment of incomplete cases by imputation. Multiple Machine Learning (ML) techniques, both parametric and non-parametric, were tested for predictions (Random Forest, Weibull distribution), all of them taking into account censored data. Other sets of methods were applied to explain the information handled by the previous models and to present graphically, for each prediction, a breakdown of the influence that each feature had on that prediction. Validation of the results is being performed both by testing by medical specialists and by means of statistical indicators, such as Harrell's index. Results: The study population of 842 AML patients included 47% females and the median age was 49 years. The most frequent mutation was NPM1 (50%), followed by DNMT3A (31%) and NRAS (26%). The tool first displays a panel in which characteristics such as age, gender, and possible mutations and cytogenetic abnormalities are selected from a list based on information in the HARMONY database. Once the desired profile has been selected, graphical results are provided: 1). the probability of Relapse-Free Survival (RFS) over time. In parallel, as a reference, the probability of RFS of patients corresponding to each category of the ELN2017 can be seen. 2). a breakdown of the relative weight of each feature in the model at a specific time point, as well as the positive/negative effect that the presence/absence of these features has on the prognostic factor of relapse, adapting all this information in each individual simulation. This preliminary research tool can integrate new data and be expanded with new tools to provide useful results in a simple and accessible way. Conclusion: Building big data platforms, such as the HARMONY Alliance, are absolutely essential to facilitate the creation of tools to support research and ultimately clinical practice. Big data analysis should be considered a very useful field in disease research and it is necessary to share the results with easy-to-use tools that are available at all times. This new ML tool for AML aims to achieve these goals through its simple design and its implementation in mobile devices. Figure 1 Figure 1. Disclosures Sobas: Novartis: Consultancy, Honoraria; Celgene: Consultancy, Honoraria. Heckman: Kronos Bio, Inc.: Research Funding; Oncopeptides: Consultancy, Research Funding; Novartis: Research Funding; Orion Pharma: Research Funding; Celgene/BMS: Research Funding. Dombret: Amgen: Honoraria, Research Funding; Incyte: Honoraria, Research Funding; Jazz Pharmaceuticals: Honoraria, Research Funding; Novartis: Research Funding; Pfizer: Honoraria, Research Funding; Servier: Research Funding; Abbvie: Honoraria; BMS-Celgene: Honoraria; Daiichi Sankyo: Honoraria. Sierra: Jazz Pharmaceuticals: Research Funding; Astellas: Consultancy, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding, Speakers Bureau; Amgen: Other: Educational grant; BMS Celgene: Honoraria, Research Funding; Alexion: Other: Educational grant; Novartis: Honoraria, Research Funding, Speakers Bureau; Abbvie: Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Speakers Bureau; Roche: Other: Educational grant; Janssen: Other: Educational grant; Pfizer: Honoraria. Mayer: Principia: Research Funding. Voso: Celgene: Consultancy, Research Funding, Speakers Bureau; Novartis: Speakers Bureau. Sanz: Takeda: Consultancy, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Other: Travel, accommodations, and expenses, Speakers Bureau; Gilead Sciences: Other: Travel, accommodations, and expenses; Novartis: Consultancy, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Speakers Bureau; Boehringer Ingelheim: Consultancy, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Amgen: Consultancy, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Roche: Consultancy, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Other: Travel, accommodations, and expenses; Helsinn Healthcare: Consultancy, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Janssen: Consultancy, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Abbvie: Consultancy, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Celgene: Consultancy, Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Other: Travel, accommodations, and expenses, Research Funding. Calado: Novartis: Current Employment. Döhner: Celgene/BMS: Consultancy, Honoraria, Research Funding; Daiichi Sankyo: Honoraria, Other: Advisory Board; Astellas: Research Funding; Jazz Roche: Consultancy, Honoraria; Agios and Astex: Research Funding; Abbvie: Consultancy, Honoraria; Janssen: Honoraria, Other: Advisory Board; Novartis: Consultancy, Honoraria, Research Funding. Gaidzik: Abbvie: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Speakers Bureau; Pfizer: Speakers Bureau; Janssen: Speakers Bureau. Heuser: Jazz Pharmaceuticals: Consultancy, Honoraria, Other: Research funding for institution; Janssen: Honoraria; Novartis: Consultancy, Honoraria, Other: Research funding for institution; Abbvie: Consultancy; BMS/Celgene: Consultancy; Daiichi Sankyo: Consultancy, Other: Research funding for institution; Pfizer: Consultancy, Other: Research funding for institution; Roche: Consultancy, Other: Research funding for institution; Tolremo: Consultancy; Astellas: Other: Research funding for institution; Bayer Pharma AG: Other: Research funding for institution; BergenBio: Other: Research funding for institution; Karyopharm: Other: Research funding for institution. Haferlach: MLL Munich Leukemia Laboratory: Other: Part ownership. Turki: CSL Behring: Consultancy; MSD: Consultancy, Speakers Bureau; Jazz Pharma: Consultancy, Speakers Bureau. Reinhardt: Astellas Pharma Inc.: Research Funding; Eusa: Other: Advisory board; Novartis: Other: Advisory board; BluebirdBio: Other: Advisory board; Janssen: Other: Advisory board; Abbvie: Other: Advisory board; JAZZ: Other: Advisory board; BMS: Other: Advisory board. Schulze-Rath: Bayer: Current Employment. Dohner: Berlin-Chemie: Honoraria; Bristol Myers Squibb: Honoraria, Research Funding; Celgene: Honoraria, Research Funding; GEMoaB: Honoraria; Gilead: Honoraria; Helsinn: Honoraria; Janssen: Honoraria; Jazz Pharmaceuticals: Honoraria, Research Funding; Novartis: Honoraria, Research Funding; Oxford Biomedica: Honoraria; Pfizer: Research Funding; Roche: Honoraria; AstraZeneca: Honoraria; Astex Pharmaceuticals: Honoraria; Astellas: Honoraria, Research Funding; Amgen: Honoraria, Research Funding; Agios: Honoraria, Research Funding; Abbvie: Honoraria, Research Funding. Ossenkoppele: Abbvie, AGIOS, BMS/Celgene Astellas,AMGEN, Gilead,Servier,JAZZ,Servier Novartis: Consultancy, Honoraria; Agios: Consultancy, Honoraria; BMS/Celgene: Consultancy, Honoraria; Astellas: Consultancy, Honoraria; Gilead: Consultancy, Honoraria; Servier: Consultancy, Honoraria; Jazz: Consultancy, Honoraria. Bullinger: Pfizer: Consultancy, Honoraria; Novartis: Consultancy, Honoraria; Menarini: Consultancy; Jazz Pharmaceuticals: Consultancy, Honoraria, Research Funding; Janssen: Consultancy, Honoraria; Astellas: Honoraria; Sanofi: Honoraria; Seattle Genetics: Honoraria; Bayer: Research Funding; Amgen: Honoraria; Daiichi Sankyo: Consultancy, Honoraria; Abbvie: Consultancy, Honoraria; Bristol-Myers Squibb: Consultancy, Honoraria; Gilead: Consultancy; Celgene: Consultancy, Honoraria; Hexal: Consultancy. Hernández-Rivas: Amgen: Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Pfizer: Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Celgene/BMS: Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding; Novartis: Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding.