Note: Intro -- Editorial Board of Conference Proceedings -- Reviewers List -- Preface -- Contents -- About the Editors -- Hydroinformatics -- 1 Statistical Approach for Water Quality Evaluation of Irrigation Canals in Egypt -- Abstract -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Methodology -- 2.1 Study Area -- 2.2 Studied Locations and Parameters -- 2.3 Statistical Approach -- 2.3.1 Investigating Water Quality Status -- 2.3.2 Hierarchical Cluster Analysis (HCA) -- 2.3.3 Principal Component/Factor Analysis (PC/FA) -- 3 Results and Discussion -- 3.1 Investigating Water Quality Status -- 3.2 WAWQI -- 3.3 HCA -- 3.4 PC/FA -- 4 Conclusion -- Acknowledgements -- References -- 2 Eutrophication Status and Control of Egyptian Northern Lakes -- Abstract -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Methodology -- 2.1 Study Area -- 2.2 Data Sources and Collection -- 2.3 Data Analysis -- 3 Results and Discussion -- 3.1 Trophic State Index -- 3.2 Total Nitrogen and Total Phosphorus -- 3.3 Regression Analysis -- 3.4 Controlling Eutrophication of Northern Lakes -- 4 Conclusion and Recommendations -- References -- 3 An Integrated System Dynamics Model to Predict the Effects of Management Scenarios on Economic Assessment of Water and Soil Resources in Hableh-Rud River Basin, Iran -- Abstract -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Material and Methods -- 2.1 Study Area -- 3 Problem Definition -- 3.1 Model Development -- 3.2 Preparing a Stock and Flow Diagram and Model Performance -- 3.3 Model Validation Tests -- 3.4 Scenario Planning for Integrated Management of Soil and Water Resources -- 4 Results and Discussion -- 4.1 Feedback Loops in Soil and Water Resources Management -- 4.2 Stock and Flow Diagram (SFD) -- 4.3 Results of Model Validation Tests -- 4.4 Results of Implementation of Scenarios -- 5 Conclusion -- References. , 4 Seasonal Variation for Trace Metals Contamination of Groundwater Using GIS Technology in Pissurlem, Sonshi, Cudnem,Velguem, Surla Watersheds, North Goa District, Goa State, India -- Abstract -- 1 Introduction -- 1.1 Study Area Details -- 1.2 Mandovi River -- 1.3 Physicochemical Analysis of Groundwater -- 2 Results and Discussion -- 2.1 Aluminum (Al) -- 2.2 Copper (Cu) -- 2.3 Iron (Fe) -- 2.4 Manganese (Mn) -- 2.5 Selenium (Se) -- 2.6 Zinc (Zn) -- 2.7 Cadmium (Cd) -- 2.8 Lead (Pb) -- 2.9 Nickel (Ni) -- 2.10 Arsenic (As) -- 2.11 Chromium (Cr) -- 3 Conclusion -- References -- 5 The Impact of Different Design Approaches on Fine Sediment Transport in Gezira Scheme, Sudan -- Abstract -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Materials and Method -- 2.1 Study Area -- 2.2 Data Measurement -- 2.3 Simulation Using HEC-RAS Model -- 2.3.1 General -- 2.3.2 Data Entering -- 2.3.3 Sensitivity Analysis -- 2.3.4 Calibration of the Model -- 2.4 Application of Different Design Approaches -- 2.4.1 General -- 2.4.2 The Regime Theory -- 2.4.3 Maximum Permissible Velocity -- 2.4.4 Tractive Force -- 2.4.5 Rational Method -- 2.5 ICDesign Software Development -- 2.5.1 Introduction -- 2.5.2 Input Data -- 2.5.3 Outputs -- 3 Results -- 3.1 Application of the Original Design -- 3.2 Application of Regime Theory -- 3.3 Application of the Modified Maximum Permissible Velocity -- 3.4 Application of Tractive Force -- 4 Discussion and Conclusion -- Annexes -- Annex 1: Modified Maximum Permissible Velocity Design Steps -- Annex 2: Tractive Force Design Steps -- References -- 6 Remote Sensing Approach for Estimating Evapotranspiration Using Satellite-Based Energy Balance Models in Al Hamra, Oman -- Abstract -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Materials and Methods -- 2.1 Study Area and Satellite Imagery -- 2.2 Model Description -- 2.3 Validation -- 3 Results and Discussion -- 4 Conclusions -- References. , 7 Application of Dipole-Dipole, Schlumberger, and Wenner-Schlumberger Arrays in Groundwater Exploration in Karst Areas Using Electrical Resistivity and IP Methods in a Semi-arid Area, Southwest Iran -- Abstract -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Material and Methods -- 2.1 Geological Setting -- 2.2 Data Collection -- 2.3 Methodology -- 3 Results -- 4 Discussion -- 5 Conclusion -- References -- 8 A Comparative Study on Regional Drought Characterization Using Estimated Drought Indices in Conjunction with Trend Analysis in Peninsular India -- Abstract -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Material and Methodology -- 2.1 Trend Analysis of Annual Rainfall by Using Mann-Kendall's Test (Mann, 1945 -- Kendell, 1975) -- 2.2 Drought Index -- 2.3 Palmer Drought Index (Palmer, 1965) -- 2.4 Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) -- 3 Study Area and Data Used -- 4 Results and Discussion -- 4.1 Rainfall Trend Analysis -- 4.1.1 Annual Rainfall Classification -- 4.1.2 Rainfall Trend Analysis Using Mann-Kendall's Test -- 4.2 Drought Analysis -- 4.2.1 Drought Index (DI) Analysis -- 4.2.2 Palmer Drought Index (PDI) Analysis -- 4.2.3 Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) Analysis -- 4.2.4 Comparison of Three Drought Indices for Two Study Regions. -- 4.2.5 Identification of Drought Events Using Log Pearson Type-III Distribution Technique for Karnataka -- 5 Conclusion -- 6 Conflict of Interest/Competing Interests -- 7 Availability of Data and Materials -- Acknowledgements -- References -- 9 An Investigation Standardized Precipitation Index Trend in Arid and Semi-arid Region of Pakistan Applying the Innovative Trend Analysis (ITA) Technique -- Abstract -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Materials and Methods -- 2.1 Study Area -- 2.2 Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) -- 2.3 Innovative Trend Analysis (ITA) -- 3 Results and Discussion -- 4 Conclusions -- Acknowledgements -- References. , 10 The Impacts of Land-Use Change on the Runoff Characteristics Using HEC-HMS Model: A Case Study in Wadi Al-Mulaikhy Sub-Watershed in Sana'a Basin, Yemen -- Abstract -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Data and Methods -- 2.1 Study Area and Data Acquisition -- 2.2 Land-Use/Cover Classification and Mapping -- 2.3 Creation The Basin Model -- 2.4 Model Completion in HEC-HMS Model -- 3 Results and Discussion -- 3.1 Land-Use/Cover Changes -- 3.2 Runoff Changes -- 3.3 CN Values -- 3.4 S Values -- 3.5 Ia Values -- 4 Conclusions -- Acknowledgements -- References -- Report Rapid -- 11 Evaluation of Groundwater Quality Variations Using Geographical Information System (GIS) and Multivariate Statistical Techniques: A Case Study from Qa'Jahran Basin, Dhamar, Yemen -- Abstract -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Study Area and Data Acquisition -- 2.1 Scatterplots and Pairwise Correlations -- 2.2 Principle Component Analysis (PCA) -- 2.3 Water Quality Index (WQI) -- 2.4 Classification of Water -- 3 Results and Discussion -- 3.1 Correlation and Scatterplots -- 3.2 Principal Component Analysis (PCA) -- 3.3 Loading and Scatterplots -- 3.4 Data Reduction -- 3.5 Water Quality Parameters -- 3.6 Water Quality Index (WQI) -- 4 Conclusions -- Acknowledgements -- References -- 12 Development and Calibration of Transient Groundwater Flow Model for Al Kufrah Region, Southeast Libya -- Abstract -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Description and Location of the Modeled Area -- 3 Model Development -- 3.1 Conceptual Model -- 3.2 Transient-State Model Setup -- 3.2.1 Time Discretization -- 3.2.2 Groundwater Withdrawal -- 3.2.3 Surface Recharge -- 4 Transient-State Model Calibration -- 4.1 Storativity -- 4.2 Pumpage -- 5 Calibration Results and Statistical Analysis of Residuals -- 5.1 Stress Period I -- 5.2 Stress Period II -- 5.3 Simulated and Observed Hydrographs -- 6 Simulated Drawdown. , 6.1 Stress Period I (1968-1976) -- 6.2 Stress Period II (1977-1986) -- 6.3 Stress Period III (1987-1998) -- 6.4 Stress Period IV (1999-2004) -- 6.5 Stress Period V (2005-2010) -- 7 Groundwater Budget of the Transient-State Model -- 8 Conclusion -- References -- 13 A Multivariate Analysis of Groundwater Chemistry Data -- Abstract -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Study Area -- 3 Sample Collection and Analysis -- 4 Results and Discussion -- 5 Cluster Analysis -- 6 Conclusion -- Acknowledgements -- References -- Water Desalination and Purification Technologies -- 14 Successfully Mutual Cooperative Collective Action: Principle of Institutional Arrangement of the Aflaj Irrigation System in Sultanate of Oman -- Abstract -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Background of the Study -- 3 Aflaj Community System and Literature Review -- 4 Method -- 5 Result -- 5.1 Local Measuring Unit -- 5.2 Privately-Owned Right Distribution -- 6 Discussion and Conclusion -- References -- 15 Monitoring and Counting E. coli Bacterial Growth During Low-Pressure Events in Drinking Water Distribution Networks -- Abstract -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Material and Method -- 3 Bacteria Preparation and Testing -- 3.1 Bacterial Culture Preparation -- 3.2 Preparation of Nutrient Agar Plate -- 3.3 Spiking E. coli Culture into the Testing Tank -- 4 Methodology -- 4.1 Scenario-1 -- 4.2 Scenario-2 -- 4.3 E. coli Suspension was Directly Added to the WDN Source (Tank) -- 4.4 E. coli Suspension was Injected into the Water Network -- 4.5 E. coli Suspension was Absorbed into the Water Network -- 5 Results and Discussion -- 5.1 Time Required for the System to Initially Intrude the E. coli Bacteria -- 5.2 Time Required for the System to Fully Intrude the E. coli Bacteria -- 5.3 Time Required to Detect E. coli at the WDN Outlet -- 5.3.1 Case-1: E. coli Suspension was Directly Added to the WDN Source (Tank). , 5.3.2 Case-2: E. coli Suspension was Injected into the Water Network.

Note: Cover -- Front Matter -- Half-title -- Series information -- Title page -- Copyright information -- Table of contents -- List of figures -- List of tables -- The Blind Men, the Elephant and the Well: A Parable for Complexity and Contingency -- Preface -- Part I Roots And Causes Of Complexity And Contingency In Water Problems -- Chapter (1-2) -- Chapter One Complexity and Contingency: Understanding and Managing Complex Water Problems -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Understanding Complexity -- From Clock to Confusion: Origin of Complexity -- Complexity Science: Foundational Ideas and Concepts -- Complicated and Complex Systems -- Different Faces of Complexity Science -- Diagnosis of Sources of Complexity -- Systems Engineering and Complex Systems -- Understanding the Complexity of Water -- Water: Object or a Resource? -- Water as an Object -- Water as a Resource -- Sources of Complexity in Water: Interactions of Knowledge and Political Communities -- Complexity Introduced through Growth in Know- How in the Knowledge Community -- Complexity Introduced through Competing Values and Interests in the Political Community -- Managing Complexity of Water Resources -- Complexity Creates Contingency -- Contingent Management of Water Resources: Search for Actionable Space -- Acknowledgments -- Note -- References -- Chapter Two Leveraging Diplomacy For Resolving Transboundary Water Problems -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Transboundary Waters: Conflict and Peace -- Transboundary Water and Hydro-Diplomacy -- International Community and Transboundary Water Management -- Need for a Strategic Approach -- Building Capacity -- Conclusion -- Note -- References -- Part II Tools, Techniques, Models And Analyses To Resolve Complex Water Problems -- Chapter (3-9) -- Chapter Three Ten Bankruptcy Methods for Resolving Natural Resource Allocation Conflicts -- Abstract. , Introduction -- Bankruptcy Solution Methods -- Proportional (P) -- Adjusted Proportional (AP) -- Constrained Equal Award (CEA) -- Constrained Equal Loss (CEL) -- Talmud (Tal) -- Piniles' (Pin) -- Constrained Egalitarian (CE) -- Random Arrival (RA) -- Minimal Overlap (MO) -- Generalized IBN Ezra (GIE) -- Caspian Sea -- Results -- Stability Analysis -- Conclusion -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter Four Flexible Design Of Water Infrastructure Systems -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Recognizing Uncertainty in Planning -- Conventional Approaches to Water Resources Planning -- Decision Analysis and Scenario Planning -- Adaptive Management -- Flexible Design -- Real Options Analysis -- Sources of Flexibility in Design -- Drivers of Value -- Limitations -- Flexibility Analysis -- Example Applications -- Flexibility Analysis Method -- Detailed Case Study -- Background -- System Data -- Investment Costs -- Discussion -- Conclusion -- References -- Chapter Five Extreme Value Analysis for Modeling Nonstationary Hydrologic Change -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Background on Extreme Value Theory for Hydrologic Frequency Analysis -- Extreme Value Models under Nonstationarity -- Parameter Estimation -- Estimation of Design Quantiles -- Uncertainty in Estimation of Design Quantiles -- Alternate Approaches for Risk Communication -- An Example Application -- Discussion -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter Six The Water-Food Nexus And Virtual Water Trade -- Introduction -- Water and Food Crisis -- Virtual Water Trade -- Drivers of Virtual Water Trade -- Methods for Network Reconstruction -- Limitations and Issues -- Trade, Inequality and the Right to Water -- Virtues and Vices of Virtual Water Trade -- References -- Chapter Seven A Hybrid Analytical Approach For Modeling The Dynamics Of Interactions For Complex Water Problems -- Context and Motivation. , Knowledge Gaps and Research Questions -- A Hybrid Network Model for a Coupled Natural and Societal System -- Accounting for Subjectivity and Non-linearity in a System's Agent Behavior -- Negotiating Transboundary Water Issues: Application of the Network Model -- Assumptions Related to the Network Model -- Analysis and Findings -- Performance Indicators -- Average Annual Growth Rate (AVR) -- Overall System Performance (OSP) -- Synergistic Response Per Agent (SPI) -- Competitive Response Per Agent (CPI) -- Equity in Benefit Sharing (EBS) -- Dynamics of Interactions among Agents -- Scenario Analyses and Findings -- Analysis of Optimal System Connectivity -- Emergence of Structural Attractors and the System Self-Organization Property -- Sensitivity analysis of agent behavior and associated system response -- Sensitivity of System Competition and Resource Parameters -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter Eight A Call for Capacity Development for Improved Water Diplomacy -- Introduction -- Water Diplomacy -- Capacity Development -- Columbia River Treaty Review Transboundary Dialogue: A Case Study in Capacity Development for Water Diplomacy -- Capacity Development for Improved Water Diplomacy -- Individual Capacities -- Individual Capacity Development Training in Water Conflict Management -- Institutional Capacities -- Institutional Capacity Development in Facilitation and Mediation -- Society's Capacities-Public Participation -- The Four Worlds of Conflict Transformation Applied to Capacity Development -- Conclusions and Recommendations -- Notes -- References -- Chapter Nine Water Complexity And Physics-Guided Data Mining -- Abstract -- The Grand Water Challenge -- Climate Stress on Water Systems -- Water as a Data Challenge -- Physics-Guided Data Mining -- Premise of Physics-Guided Data Mining -- Case Studies -- Case Study I: Statistical Downscaling. , Case Study II: Uncertainty Quantification -- Case Study III: Role of Internal Variability in Climate Change -- Caveats and Future Work -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Part III Case Studies -- Chapter (10-15) -- Chapter Ten The Nature of Enabling Conditions of Transboundary Water Management: Learning From the Negotiation ... -- Abstract -- Introduction: The Complexity of Transboundary Water Management -- The Contingency of Cooperation under Complexity -- Negotiation of the Indus Water Treaty between India and Pakistan -- Enabling Condition I: Active Recognition of Interdependence among Contending Stakeholders -- Enabling Condition II: Framing Mutual Interests through Joint Fact-Finding and Creating Mutual Benefits -- Enabling Condition III: Monitor Agreements through a Joint Authority and Build Up Its Capacity to ... -- Negotiation of the Peace Treaty between Israel and Jordan -- Enabling Condition I: Active Recognition of Interdependence among Contending Stakeholders -- Enabling Condition II: Framing Mutual Interests through Joint Fact-Finding and Creating Mutual Benefits -- Enabling Condition III: Monitoring Agreements through a Joint Authority and Building Their Capacity to ... -- Conclusion -- References -- Chapter Eleven Mediation In The Israeli-Palestinian Water Conflict: A Practitioner'S View -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Adaptive Water Management and Water Mediation -- Methodology -- Case Study 1. NGO-Based Integrated and Transboundary Master Plan for the Lower Jordan River Basin -- Case Study 2. Water Annex of the Geneva Accord -- A Framework for Analyzing Different Levels of Policy Learning -- Analysis -- Stakeholder Assessment and Engagement -- GI Water Annex: Stakeholder Engagement -- Master Plan LJRBL: Stakeholder Engagement -- Joint Fact-Finding -- GI Water Annex: Joint Fact-Finding -- Master Plan LJRB: Joint Fact-Finding. , Facilitating Multiparty Problem-Solving -- GI Water Annex: Multiparty Problem-Solving -- Master Plan LJRB: Multiparty Problem-Solving -- Developing Forms of Agreement That Take Adaptive Management into Account -- GI Water Annex: Forms of Agreement -- Master Plan LJRB: Forms of Agreement -- Assessment of Policy Learning -- Discussion: From Zero-Sum to Mutual Gains -- Policy Learning -- Building Trust -- Multilevel Governance -- Conclusion -- References -- Chapter Twelve Risk Distribution and the Adoption of Flexibility: Desalination Expansion in Qatar -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Public-Private Partnerships and Their Risks -- Case Study: Desalination in Qatar -- Background -- Uncertainties -- Flexibility Analysis -- Model Details -- Inflexible Design Base Case -- Uncertainty Consideration -- Flexible Designs -- Waterfall Analysis and Results -- Risk Analysis and Results for Risk-Neutral Participants -- Risk Analysis and Results for Risk-Averse Participants -- Reflections on Case Study -- Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 13 The Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam: Conflict and Water Diplomacy in the Nile Basin -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Nile Basin Water in Perspective -- The Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam (GERD) -- Approaches to Analyzing and Synthesizing GERD -- Efficient Use of Nile Water -- Summary and Discussion -- References -- Chapter Fourteen Engaging Stakeholders for Water Diplomacy: Lessons For Integrated Water Resources Management -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Engagement for Water Diplomacy and Its Expectations -- Concepts Leading to Practice: Frameworks and Models -- Continuum of Engagement Levels -- Stakeholder Analysis and Salience -- Frameworks and Models on Specific Features -- Responsible Treatment of Stakeholders -- Sample Surveys versus Action Conversations -- Engagement for Adaptive and Integrated Management. , Impact of Trust on Participation Strategy.