Anmerkung: Intro -- Polyelectrolyte Complexes in the Dispersed and Solid State I -- Principles and Theory -- Preface -- Contents -- Strong and Weak Polyelectrolyte Adsorption onto Oppositely Charged Curved Surfaces -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Weak Adsorption: Theoretical Model -- 2.1 Equation for the Green Function -- 2.2 Density Distribution Function -- 3 Weak Adsorption: Exactly Solvable Models -- 3.1 Planar Surface -- 3.2 Spherical Surface -- 3.2.1 Critical Adsorption -- 3.2.2 Conformational Properties of Adsorbed Polyelectrolytes -- 4 Weak Adsorption: WKB Approximation -- 4.1 WKB Approximation Scheme -- 4.2 Planar Surface -- 4.3 Cylindrical Surface -- 4.4 Spherical Surface -- 4.5 Conformational Properties of Adsorbed Polyelectrolytes -- 5 Weak Adsorption: Discussion -- 5.1 Comparing Geometries -- 5.2 Comparison Between Theory and Experiment -- 6 Strong Adsorption: Theoretical Model -- 6.1 Adsorption at a Cylindrical Surface -- 6.1.1 Electrostatic Potential -- 6.1.2 Helical Charge Distributions -- Double Helix -- Double-Stranded Jellium Helix -- Multistranded Jellium Helix -- Bending Energy -- 6.1.3 Results for Helical Charge Distributions -- 6.2 Adsorption at a Spherical Surface -- 6.2.1 Electrostatic Potential -- 6.2.2 ``Meridian´´ Charge Distribution -- 6.2.3 Results -- 6.2.4 Experimental Results: DNA and Nucleosome -- 7 Limitations and Further Studies -- 8 Conclusions -- References -- Aggregation of Charged Colloidal Particles -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Interactions Between Colloidal Particles -- 2.1 van der Waals Interactions -- 2.2 Electrostatic Interactions -- 2.2.1 DLVO Approximation -- 2.2.2 Attraction Between Like-Charge Colloids -- 2.2.3 Effect of Charge Nonuniformity -- 2.3 Born Repulsion -- 2.4 Structural Solvation Interactions -- 2.5 Hydrophobic Interactions -- 2.6 Effect of Polymers -- 2.6.1 Adsorbing Polymer -- 2.6.2 Non-adsorbing Polymer. , 2.7 Hydrodynamic Interactions -- 2.8 Interaction Between Colloidal Aggregates -- 3 Simulation of Cluster Morphology -- 3.1 Main Types of Computer Models -- 3.2 Similarly Charged Particles -- 3.2.1 DLA-Like Model -- 3.2.2 Eden-Like Model -- 3.3 Oppositely Charged Particles -- 3.3.1 Simple Colloids -- 3.3.2 Polymers -- 3.4 Effect of Dipolar Interactions -- 4 Kinetics of Aggregation -- 4.1 Aggregation as a Second-Order Reaction -- 4.2 Population Balance Equations -- 4.3 Popular Kernels -- 4.4 Classification of Kernels -- 4.5 Dynamic Scaling -- 5 Conclusion -- References -- Ion Conduction in Solid Polyelectrolyte Complex Materials -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Conductivity Spectra: Concepts and Initial Findings -- 2.1 Basic Concepts of Conductivity Spectroscopy -- 2.2 Early Dielectric and Conductivity Spectra of PEC -- 2.3 The Structural Analogue: Polyelectrolyte Multilayers and Their Conductivity -- 3 Conductivity Spectra of Dried PEC: Dependence on Temperature -- 3.1 Isothermal Conductivity Spectra of PEC -- 3.2 Temperature Dependence of the DC Conductivity of PEC -- 3.3 Temperature-Dependent Ionic Conductivity as a Function of the Type of Alkali Ion -- 3.4 Modeling of Conductivity Spectra -- 4 RH-Dependent Spectra -- 4.1 Conductivity Spectra of PEC at Constant RH -- 4.2 RH Dependence of the DC Conductivity of PEC -- 4.3 Influence of the Alkali Ion Size in Hydrated PEC -- 5 Scaling of Conductivity Spectra -- 5.1 Principle of Scaling -- 5.2 The Time-Temperature Superposition Principle in PEC -- 5.3 The Time-Humidity Superposition Principle in PEC -- 6 Summary and Outlook -- References -- Relaxation Phenomena During Polyelectrolyte Complex Formation -- 1 Kinetics of Polyelectrolyte Complex Formation -- 1.1 Strongly and Weakly Charged Polyelectrolytes -- 1.2 Polyelectrolyte Multilayer Formation. , 1.3 Influence of Ionic Strength on the Kinetics of Polyelectrolyte Complex Formation -- 1.4 Entropy, Enthalpy and Free Energy -- 2 Experimental Techniques -- 2.1 Dynamic Light Scattering Titrations -- 2.1.1 pH During Light Scattering Titrations -- 2.1.2 Polyelectrolyte Complex Micelles with Protein Molecules -- 2.1.3 Turbidity -- 2.2 Force Measurements -- 2.3 Rheology -- 3 Protein-Protein Complex Formation -- References -- Advanced Functional Structures Based on Interpolyelectrolyte Complexes -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Formation and Basic Properties of Interpolyelectrolyte Complexes -- 2.1 Peculiarities of IPEC Formation -- 2.2 Water-Soluble Nonstoichiometric IPECs -- 2.3 Polyion Transfer in IPEC Systems -- 3 Advanced Interpolyelectrolyte Complexes -- 3.1 IPECs Based on Star-Shaped (Co)Polymers -- 3.2 IPECs Based on Star-Like Micelles of Diblock Copolymers -- 3.3 IPECs Based on Cylindrical (Co)Polymer Brushes -- 4 Metallo-Containing Interpolyelectrolyte Complexes -- 4.1 IPECs Containing Metal Ions -- 4.2 IPEC Hybrids Containing Metal Nanoparticles -- 4.3 Advanced Structures Based on Metallo-Containing IPECs -- 5 Conclusions and Perspective -- References -- Index.

Anmerkung: Front Cover -- Preface -- Contents -- Polyelectrolyte Complexes for Tailoring of Wood Fibre Surfaces -- 1 Setting the Scene: Polyelectrolytes in Papermaking -- 2 Adsorption of PECs to Cellulose Fibres -- 3 PEC for Controlling Adhesive Properties of Fibres -- 3.1 PECs Produced In Situ -- 3.2 In Situ PEC Formation with Wood Components -- 3.3 Pre-formed PECs -- 4 What Controls the Adhesion? -- 5 Future Outlook -- References -- Polyelectrolyte Complexes in Flocculation Applications -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Dual Systems (Step-by-Step Addition) -- 2.1 Interaction with Cellulose (Paper Industry) -- 2.2 Interaction with Humic Acid -- 2.3 Removal of Minerals or Heavy Metals -- 2.4 Dual Systems Using ``New Polymers´´ -- 2.5 Dewatering and Sludge Conditioning -- 2.6 Surface Modification -- 2.7 Dual Systems with Thermosensitive Polymers -- 3 ``Direct´´ Interaction Between the Flocculant (PC) and an Anionically Charged Suspension -- 3.1 Paper Recycling -- 3.2 Sticky Removal -- 3.3 Natural Polymers for Sticky Removal -- 4 Pre-mixed PECs as Flocculants -- 4.1 Complex Formation and Characterization -- 4.2 Influence of Polymer Type on Complex Properties -- 4.3 Application of Pre-mixed Complexes as Flocculants -- 4.4 Polymer-Surfactant Complexes -- 4.5 Removal of Organic Pollutants -- 5 Current Trends and Future Research Directions -- 5.1 Advanced Characterization Methods -- 5.2 Use of Natural Polymers -- 6 Summary and Outlook -- References -- Spontaneous Assembly and Induced Aggregation of Food Proteins -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Structure and Properties of Some Food Proteins -- 2.1 General Aspects of Proteins -- 2.2 beta-Lactoglobulin -- 2.3 Serum Albumin -- 2.4 α-Lactalbumin -- 2.5 Ovalbumin -- 2.6 Caseins -- 2.7 Lactoferrin -- 2.8 Lysozyme -- 3 Induced Assemblies of Food Proteins -- 3.1 Fibrils -- 3.2 Multistranded Ribbons and Spherulites. , 3.3 Particulate Aggregates -- 3.4 Nanotubes -- 4 Spontaneous Assemblies of Food Proteins -- 4.1 Oppositely Charged Proteins and Polyelectrolytes -- 4.2 Oppositely Charged Proteins -- 5 Conclusion -- References -- Polyelectrolyte Complexes of DNA and Polycations as Gene Delivery Vectors -- 1 Introduction -- 1.1 DNA -- 1.1.1 Structure of DNA -- 1.1.2 Conformations of DNA -- 1.1.3 Topologies of DNA -- 1.1.4 DNA Condensation in Nature -- 1.2 Polyelectrolytes -- 1.2.1 Weak and Strong Polyelectrolytes -- 1.2.2 Manning Condensation and Effective Charge Density -- 1.3 DNA/Polycation Complexes -- 1.3.1 Factors Influencing the Complexation of DNA by Cationic Polymers -- 1.3.2 Condensation of DNA by Cationic Polymers -- Structural Models -- Cooperative Versus Non-cooperative Binding -- 1.3.3 Structure of Polyplexes -- Water-Soluble Polyplexes -- Colloidally Stable Polyplexes -- Without Steric Stabilization -- With Steric Stabilization -- Insoluble Polyplexes -- Polyplexes Based on Amphiphilic Polycations -- Influence of Salts -- 1.3.4 Characterization of Polyplexes -- Structural Characterization -- Charge Determination -- Strength of the Complexation -- 1.4 Application in Gene Therapy -- 1.4.1 Introduction to Gene Therapy -- 1.4.2 Requirements for Efficient Gene Therapy -- Complexation and Compaction/Condensation -- Extracellular Barriers and Physico-chemical Aspects -- Intracellular Processes -- Toxicity, Biocompatibility, and Biodegradability -- 2 Polycation/DNA Complexes -- 2.1 Water-Soluble Polycations -- 2.1.1 Strong Polyelectrolytes -- Containing Aromatics or Having a Charged Backbone -- With Side Chains Containing Quaternary Ammoniums -- 2.1.2 Weak Polyelectrolytes -- Without Steric Stabilizer -- Polyaspartamide Derivatives -- Other Polyamide Backbones -- PDMAEMA and Derivatives -- PNIPAM Derivatives -- PLL Derivatives -- Other Amino Acid-Based Polymers. , PMMA and Methacrylamide Derivatives -- With Steric Stabilizer -- PDMAEMA Derivatives -- Linear PEI Derivatives -- PLL Derivatives -- Other Amino Acid-Based Polymers -- 2.2 Amphiphilic Polycations -- 2.2.1 Strong Polyelectrolytes with Alkyl Chains -- 2.2.2 Amphiphilic Polymers and Lipopolymers -- 2.2.3 Micelles of Amphiphilic Polymers and Lipopolymers -- 3 Polyampholyte/DNA Complexes -- 3.1 Polyzwitterions -- 3.1.1 Polycarboxybetaines -- 3.1.2 Polyphosphobetaines -- 3.1.3 Polysulfobetaines -- 3.2 Polyamphoters -- 4 Conclusion -- References -- Sizing, Shaping and Pharmaceutical Applications of Polyelectrolyte Complex Nanoparticles -- 1 Introduction -- 2 PEC Characterization and Preparation: Critical Experimental Aspects -- 2.1 Characterization -- 2.1.1 Static Light Scattering -- 2.1.2 Dynamic Light Scattering -- 2.1.3 Transmission Electron Microscopy -- 2.1.4 Scanning Electron Microscopy -- 2.1.5 Scanning Force Microscopy -- 2.2 Preparation -- 2.2.1 Determination of True Charge -- 2.2.2 Mixing Procedure -- 2.2.3 Order of Addition -- 2.2.4 Refinement -- 3 Sizing of PEC Particles -- 3.1 PEL Structural Parameters -- 3.1.1 Charge Density -- 3.1.2 Molecular Weight -- 3.1.3 PEL Topology: Linear Versus Branched -- 3.1.4 Selected Copolymers of Charged and Uncharged Functional Comonomers -- Ethylene Oxide Comonomers -- N-Isopropylacrylamide Comonomers -- Amphoteric Terpolymers of Oppositely Charged and Neutral Blocks -- 3.2 Media Parameters -- 3.2.1 Mixing Ratio -- 3.2.2 PEL Concentration -- 3.2.3 Salt Concentration -- Salt Addition During Complexation -- Salt Addition After Complexation -- 3.2.4 pH -- 3.3 Sizing the Internal Structural Density of PECs -- 3.3.1 Internal Structure of Singularized Nanoparticles -- 3.3.2 Internal Structure of PEC Aggregates -- 4 Shaping of PEC Particles -- 4.1 Spherical PEC Particles -- 4.2 Rod-like PECs. , 4.2.1 PECs of Synthetic Polyelectrolytes -- 4.2.2 Biorelated PEC of Charged Homopolypeptides -- Influence of the Complexing PEL -- Influence of pH -- PDADMAC/PLG: Influence of Salt Type -- Analogy to PEM Films -- 4.2.3 Simulation Work on Rod-Like PEC Particles -- 4.3 Toroid PEC -- 5 Pharmaceutical Applications of PEC Nanoparticles -- 5.1 General Aspects on Drug Delivery from Nanoparticles -- 5.2 Drug Delivery from PEC Systems -- 5.2.1 Drug-Loaded Macroscopic PEC Systems -- 5.2.2 Drug-Loaded PEC Particles -- PEC/Protein Carriers -- PEC/Polynucleotide Carriers -- Small Drug-Loaded PEC Particles -- 5.2.3 Adhesive Films of PEC Nanoparticles for Local Drug Administration -- 5.3 Interaction of PEC Particles with Cells and Biofluids -- 5.3.1 In Vitro Interaction of PEC Particles with Cells -- Interaction of PEC Particles with Cancer Cells -- Interaction of PEC Particles with Endothelial Cells -- Interaction of PEC Particles with Osteoblast Cells -- 5.3.2 In Vivo Interaction of PEC Particles with Blood -- 6 Summary and Outlook -- References -- Index.

Anmerkung: Intro -- Foreword -- Preface -- 1 Storytelling Animal -- 2 Hidden Salmon -- 3 Exploited Captives -- 4 Keystone -- 5 The Sea in Our Veins -- 6 Being Human -- 7 This Animate Waterworld -- 8 Being Salmon -- 9 The Earth Ever Struggles to Be Heard -- 10 Salmon Boy -- 11 In the Shadow of the Standing Reserve -- 12 The Salmon Fairytale -- 13 Drawn Inside Geostory -- Epilogue: The Story of the Smolts -- Acknowledgments -- Bibliography -- Notes -- About the Author.

Anmerkung: Cover -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Table of Contents -- List of figures and tables -- List of contributors -- Introduction -- 1 Enough is enough? Re-imagining an ethics and aesthetics of sustainability for the twenty-first century -- 2 The essayistic spirit of Utopia -- 3 Towards a sustainable flourishing: democracy, hedonism and the politics of prosperity -- 4 Is the good life sustainable? A three-decade study of values, happiness and sustainability in Norway -- 5 Well-being and environmental responsibility -- 6 The problem of habits for a sustainable transformation -- 7 Well-being in sustainability transitions: making use of needs -- 8 Human needs and the environment reconciled: participatory action-research for sustainable development in Peru -- 9 On the good life and rising electricity consumption in rural Zanzibar -- 10 Celebrity chefs, ethical food consumption and the good life -- 11 Follow the food: how eating and drinking shape our cities -- 12 Caged welfare: evading the good life for egg-laying hens -- 13 Being salmon, being human: notes on an ecological turn in the modern narrative tradition -- 14 Afterword: beyond the paradox of the big, bad wolf -- Index.

Anmerkung: Cover -- Contents -- List of participants -- PART I: BIOFLUIDICS -- 1 Locomotion at low Reynolds numbers -- 1.1 Introduction -- 1.2 Lecture 1: Swimming -- 1.3 Lecture 2: Crawling -- 1.4 Lecture 3: Burrowing -- References -- 2 Surface tension -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 The definition and scaling of surface tension -- 2.3 Stress conditions at a fluid-fluid interface -- 2.4 Fluid statics -- 2.5 Marangoni flows -- 2.6 Fluid jets -- 2.7 Fluid sheets -- 2.8 Appendix A -- 2.9 Appendix B: The Frenet-Serret equations -- 2.10 Appendix C: Computing curvatures -- References -- 3 Dynamics of complex biofluids -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Basics of non-Newtonian fluid mechanics -- 3.3 Viscoelastic fluid -- 3.4 Applications -- 3.5 Conclusions -- Acknowledgments -- References -- PART II: BIOGELS -- 4 Active fluids and gels -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Active polar gels -- 4.3 Examples of active gels -- 4.4 Discussion -- Acknowledgments -- References -- 5 Elasticity and dynamics of cytoskeletal filaments and networks of them -- 5.1 Cytoskeletal networks -- 5.2 Appendix: Thermal fluctuations and linear responses -- References -- PART III: BIOMECHANICS -- 6 Morphoelasticity: A theory of elastic growth -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 1D growth -- 6.3 3D growth -- 6.4 Sample problem: A growing cylindrical tube -- 6.5 Conclusions -- Acknowledgments -- References -- 7 Mechanics of tumor growth: Multiphase models, adhesion, and evolving configurations -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 Mass balance for a multicomponent system -- 7.3 Force balance for a multicomponent system -- 7.4 Liquid-solid interactions in a saturated mixture -- 7.5 Modeling adhesion forces -- 7.6 Modeling the cell-ECM interaction force -- 7.7 Tumor cell constituent as a liquid -- 7.8 The tumor mass as a solid: Evolving natural configurations -- 7.9 Growth, cell re-organisation and stress tensor. , 7.10 Response to shear tests -- 7.11 Uniaxial compression tests -- References -- PART IV: BIOMEMBRANES AND BIOSHELLS -- 8 Microbial mechanics: The growth and form of filamentary microorganisms -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.2 The size and nature of things -- 8.3 Hyphal growth -- 8.4 Geometrical models -- 8.5 Nonlinear elastic models of hyphal growth -- 8.6 Results -- 8.7 Conclusions -- Acknowledgments -- References -- 9 The physics of the cell membrane -- 9.1 Biological membranes -- 9.2 Membrane energy and the shape equation -- 9.3 Measurements of elastic properties -- 9.4 Budding and fission of model membrane systems -- 9.5 Conclusions -- Acknowledgments -- References -- PART V: MORPHOGENESIS -- 10 Modeling plant morphogenesis and growth -- 10.1 Modeling morphogenesis and growth -- 10.2 Descriptive models of growing surfaces -- 10.3 A physically based model of the shoot apex -- 10.4 Patterning in the shoot apex: Phyllotaxis -- 10.5 Leaf venation patterning -- 10.6 Conclusions -- Acknowledgments -- References -- 11 How cell mechanics shapes embryos -- Summary -- 11.1 Introduction -- 11.2 Epithelial cells and the main forces exerted on them -- 11.3 Methods used to investigate cell mechanics in embryos -- 11.4 Cell adhesion versus tension -- 11.5 Tension at compartment boundaries -- 11.6 Two elementary cell shape changes -- 11.7 Integration of internal and external forces -- 11.8 Conclusions -- Acknowledgments -- References.

Anmerkung: Zugl.: Köln, Univ., Diss., 1999

Anmerkung: Förderkennzeichen BMBF 03ZZ0704A , Verbundnummer 01178466 , Unterschiede zwischen dem gedruckten Dokument und der elektronischen Ressource können nicht ausgeschlossen werden

Anmerkung: Förderkennzeichen BMBF 01RN0201. - Literaturverz , Unterschiede zwischen dem gedruckten Dokument und der elektronischen Ressource können nicht ausgeschlossen werden , Auch als gedr. Ausg. vorhanden , Systemvoraussetzungen: Acrobat reader.