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  • 1
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    Rebuilding marine life (2020)
    Springer Nature
    In:  EPIC3Nature, Springer Nature, 580(7801), pp. 39-51, ISSN: 0028-0836
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-06-25
    Description: Sustainable Development Goal 14 of the United Nations aims to “conserve and sustainably use the oceans, seas and marine resources for sustainable development”. Achieving this goal will require rebuilding the marine life-support systems that deliver the many benefits that society receives from a healthy ocean. Here we document the recovery of marine populations, habitats and ecosystems following past conservation interventions. Recovery rates across studies suggest that substantial recovery of the abundance, structure and function of marine life could be achieved by 2050, if major pressures—including climate change—are mitigated. Rebuilding marine life represents a doable Grand Challenge for humanity, an ethical obligation and a smart economic objective to achieve a sustainable future.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , peerRev
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    PAPER (OA)
  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Impact of changes in natural ultraviolet radiation on pigment composition, physiological and morphological characteristics of the Antarctic moss, Grimmia antarctici (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Global change biology 11 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2486
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geography
    Notes: The impact of ambient ultraviolet (UV)-B radiation on the endemic bryophyte, Grimmia antarctici, was studied over 14 months in East Antarctica. Over recent decades, Antarctic plants have been exposed to the largest relative increase in UV-B exposure as a result of ozone depletion. We investigated the effect of reduced UV and visible radiation on the pigment concentrations, surface reflectance and physiological and morphological parameters of this moss. Plexiglass screens were used to provide both reduced UV levels (77%) and a 50% decrease in total radiation. The screen combinations were used to separate UV photoprotective from visible photoprotective strategies, because these bryophytes are growing in relatively high light environments compared with many mosses. G. antarctici was affected negatively by ambient levels of UV radiation. Chlorophyll content was significantly lower in plants grown under near-ambient UV, while the relative proportions of photoprotective carotenoids, especially β-carotene and zeaxanthin, increased. However, no evidence for the accumulation of UV-B-absorbing pigments in response to UV radiation was observed. Although photosynthetic rates were not affected, there was evidence of UV effects on morphology. Plants that were shaded showed fewer treatment responses and these were similar to the natural variation observed between moss growing on exposed microtopographical ridges and in more sheltered valleys within the turf. Given that other Antarctic bryophytes possess UV-B-absorbing pigments which should offer better protection under ambient UV-B radiation, these findings suggest that G. antarctici may be disadvantaged in some settings under a climate with continuing high levels of springtime UV-B radiation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2005.00911.x
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxygen-dependent electron transport and protection from photoinhibition in leaves of tropical tree species (1996)
    Springer
    Planta 198 (1996), S. 580-587 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Keywords: Electron transport (oxygen dependent) ; Photoinhibition ; Tropical tree species
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The roles of photorespiration and the Mehlerperoxidase pathway in sustaining electron transport and protection from photoinhibition were studied in outer canopy leaves of two species of tropical trees: the drought-deciduous Pseudobombax septenatum (Jacq.) Dug. and the evergreen Ficus insipida Willd. Ficus had a higher photosynthetic capacity than Pseudobombax and also a greater capacity for light-dependent electron transport under photorespiratory conditions (in the absence of CO2). As a consequence, in the absence of CO2, Ficus was able to maintain a largely oxidized electron-transport chain at higher photon flux densities than Pseudobombax. Under the same light conditions, photoinhibition (reduction in Fv/Fm) was always greater in Pseudobombax than Ficus, was increased when leaves were exposed to 2% O2 in nitrogen compared to 21% O2 in CO2-free air, but was not increased by the absence of CO2. Rates of electron transport due to the Mehler-peroxidase pathway (assessed in 2% O2 in nitrogen) ranged between 16–40 μmol · m−2·s−1 in both species. As the dry season approached and Pseudobombax neared leaf senescence there was a decline in the capacity for photorespiratory flux to maintain electron transport in Pseudobombax, but not in Ficus. Ratios of light-dependent electron transport to net CO2 fixation for Pseudobombax, Ficus and two other species in the field, Luehea seemannii Tr. & Planch, and Didymopanax morototoni (Aubl.) Dec. & Planch., ranged from 6.2 (Ficus) to 16.7 (Pseudobombax). High in-situ rates of photorespiration combined with the decreased capacity of Pseudobombax for photorespiratory flux as the dry season approached indicates a decreased capacity to protect against photooxidative damage. This may contribute to the promotion of leaf senescence in Pseudobombax during the transition from wet to dry season.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00262645
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Responses of communities of tropical tree species to elevated CO2 in a forest clearing (1998)
    Springer
    Oecologia 116 (1998), S. 207-218 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1939
    Keywords: Key words Elevated CO2 ; Biomass allocation ; Successional status ; Leaf chemistry ; Tropical forest tree species
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Communities of ten species of tropical forest tree seedlings from three successional classes were grown at ambient and elevated CO2 in large open-top chambers on the edge of a forest in Panamá. Communities grew from 20 cm to approximately 2 m in height in 6 months. No enhancements in plant biomass accumulation occurred under elevated CO2 either in the whole communities or in growth of individual species. Reductions in leaf area index under elevated CO2 were observed, as were decreases in leaf nitrogen concentrations and increases in the C:N ratio of leaf tissue. Species tended to respond individualistically to elevated CO2, but some generalizations of how successional groupings responded could be made. Early and mid-successional species generally showed greater responses to elevated CO2 than late-successional species, particularly with respect to increases in photosynthetic rates and leaf starch concentrations, and reductions in leaf area ratio. Late-successional species showed greater increases in C:N ratios in response to elevated CO2 than did other species. Our results indicate that there may not be an increase in the growth of regenerating tropical forest under elevated CO2, but that there could be changes in soil nutrient availability because of reductions in leaf tissue quality, particularly in late-successional species.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004420050581
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Influence of solar radiation and leaf angle on leaf xanthophyll concentrations in mangroves (1992)
    Springer
    Oecologia 91 (1992), S. 518-525 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1939
    Keywords: Mangroves ; Xanthophylls ; Light ; Leaf angle ; Canopies
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Mangroves have similar xanthophyll cycle components/chlorophyll ratios [i.e. (V+A+Z)/chl] to other plant species. (V+A+Z)/chl ratios were sensitive to the light environment in which leaves grew, decreasing as light levels decreased over a vertical transect through a forest canopy. The (V+A+Z)/chl ratio also varied among species. However, in sun leaves over all species, the (V+A+Z)/chl ratios correlate with the proportion of leaf area displayed on a horizontal plane, which is determined by leaf angle. Thus, leaf angle and the xanthophyll cycle may both be important in providing protection from high light levels in mangrove species. A canopy survey assessed whether (V+A+Z)/chl ratios could be correlated with species dominance of exposed positions in forest canopies.Rhizophora mangroves, with near-vertical leaf angles, andBruguiera parviflora, with small, horizontal, xanthophyllrich leaves, dominated the canopy, whileB. gymnorrhiza, a species with large, horizontally arranged leaves, was less abundant at the top of the canopy. Thus, two different strategies for adapting to high solar radiation levels may exist in these species. The first strategy is avoidance through near vertical leaf angles, and the second is a large capacity to dissipate energy through zeaxanthin. The (V+A+Z)/chl ratio was also negatively correlated with the epoxidation state of the xanthophyll cycle pool (the proportion present as violaxanthin and half that present as antheraxanthin) at midday. This suggested that the requirement for dissipation of excess light (represented by the midday epoxidation state) may influence the (V+A+Z)/chl ratio.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00650325
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Distribution and accumulation of ultraviolet-radiation-absorbing compounds in leaves of tropical mangroves (1992)
    Springer
    Planta 188 (1992), S. 143-154 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Keywords: Carotenoid ; Leaf (sun/shade) ; Mangrove ; Nitrogen nutrition ; Phenolic compounds (UV absorbing) ; Ultraviolet radiation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Ultraviolet (UV)-absorbing phenolic compounds that have been shown to be protective against the damaging: effects of UV-B radiation (Tevini et al., 1991, Photochem. Photobiol. 53, 329–333) were found in the leaf epidermis of tropical mangrove tree species. These UV-absorbing phenolic compounds and leaf succulence function as selective filters, removing short and energetic wavelengths. A field survey showed that the concentration of UV-absorbing compounds varied between species, between sites that would be experiencing similar levels of UV radiation, and between sun and shade leaves. Sun leaves have greater contents of phenolic compounds than shade leaves, and more saline sites have plants with greater levels in their leaves than less saline sites. In addition, increases in leaf nitrogen contents and quantum yields did not correlate with increasing levels of UV-absorbing compounds. It was concluded from these results that although UV-absorbing compounds form a UV-screen in the epidermis of mangrove leaves, UV radiation may not be the only factor influencing the accumulation of phenolic compounds, thus an experiment which altered the level of UV radiation incident on mangrove species was done. Near ambient levels of UVA and UV-B radiation resulted in a greater content of UV-absorbing compounds in Bruguiera parviflora (Roxb.) Wight and Arn. ex Griff., but did not result in increases in B. gymnorrhiza (L.) Lamk or Rhizophora apiculata Blume. Total chlorophyll contents were lower in R. apiculata when it was grown under near-ambient levels of UV radiation than when it was grown under conditions of UV-A and UV-B depletion, but no differences were observed between the UV radiation treatments in the other two species. There was no difference in leaf morphology, carotenoid/chlorophyll ratios, or chlorophyll a/b ratios between UV treatments, although these varied among species; B. parviflora had the highest carotenoid/chlorophyll ratio and R. apiculata had the lowest. Thus it is proposed that differences in species response tu UV radiation may be influenced by their ability to dissipate excess visible solar radiation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00216808
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 7
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    Country-level mangrove soil carbon stocks and losses (2017)
    PANGAEA
    In:  UTAH STATE UNIV
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-07-10
    Keywords: Aegiceras; Avicennia; Bruguiera; Carbon dioxid emissions, potential; Carbon loss, annual, potential; Ceripos; Conocarpus; Country; Description; Excoecaria; Group; Habitat loss, annual; Hemisphere; Heritiera; Kandelia; Laguncularia; LATITUDE; LONGITUDE; Lumnitzera; Mangrove area; Number of genera; Nypa; Reference/source; Rhizophora; Sample ID; Soil carbon stock; Sonneratia; Stock loss; Total stocks; Xylocarpus
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 33960 data points
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    DATA PANGAEA
  • 8
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    Regional variation in δ13C of coral reef macroalgae on the Great Barrier Reef (2019)
    PANGAEA
    In:  Supplement to: Lovelock, Catherine E; Reef, Ruth; Pandolfi, John M (accepted): Regional variation in δ13C of coral reef macroalgae. Global Ecology and Biogeography
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-08-04
    Description: Data set contains natural stable isotopes of carbon and nitrogen of coral reef macroalgae, collected by hand from six locations from the Great Barrier Reef and Moreton Bay, Queensland, Australia, between 2008 and 2012. Data for 681 samples were analysed. In addition to natural stable isotopes, data include taxonomic details, nitrogen and phosphorus content (expressed as a percentage of dry weight), rate of photosynthetic electron transport (in micromoles per meter squared per second), RNA content and RNA:DNA ratio.
    Keywords: Area/locality; Australia; Carbon; Carbon/Nitrogen ratio; Carbon/Phosphorus ratio; Class; DEPTH, water; Event label; GBR_Heron_Island; GBR_Keppel_Island; GBR_Lady_Elliot; GBR_Lizard_Island; GBR_Magnetic_Island; GBR_Moreton_Bay_Redcliffe; GBR_Seals_Rocks; GBR_Terriga; Genus; Great Barrier Reef; HAND; Location; natural stable isotopes; nitrogen; Nitrogen, total; Nitrogen/Phosphorus ratio; Order; Phosphorus; Photosynthesis; Photosynthetic electron transport rate; Phylum; Position; Ribonucleic acid; RNA:DNA ratio; RNA/DNA ratio; Sample ID; Sampling by hand; Season; seaweed; Species; δ13C; δ15N
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 12055 data points
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    DATA PANGAEA
  • 9
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    Global ecological impacts of marine exotic species (2019)
    PANGAEA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-08-12
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/csv, 195.5 kBytes
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    DATA PANGAEA
  • 10
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    Morphometrics of seagrasses at species level, Moreton Bay, Australia determined from core samples collected in 2012-2013 (2016)
    PANGAEA
    In:  Supplement to: Samper-Villarreal, Jimena; Lovelock, Catherine E; Saunders, Megan I; Roelfsema, Christiaan M; Mumby, Peter John (2016): Organic carbon in seagrass sediments is influenced by seagrass canopy complexity, turbidity, wave height, and water depth. Limnology and Oceanography, 61(3), 938-952, https://doi.org/10.1002/lno.10262
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-12-05
    Description: Seagrass meadows are important marine carbon sinks, yet they are threatened and declining worldwide. Seagrass management and conservation requires adequate understanding of the physical and biological factors determining carbon content in seagrass sediments. Here, we identified key factors that influence carbon content in seagrass meadows across several environmental gradients in Moreton Bay, SE Queensland. Sampling was conducted in two regions: (1) Canopy Complexity, 98 sites on the Eastern Banks, where seagrass canopy structure and species composition varied while turbidity was consistently low; and (2) Turbidity Gradient, 11 locations across the entire bay, where turbidity varied among sampling locations. Sediment organic carbon content and seagrass structural complexity (shoot density, leaf area, and species specific characteristics) were measured from shallow sediment and seagrass biomass cores at each location, respectively. Environmental data were obtained from empirical measurements (water quality) and models (wave height). The key factors influencing carbon content in seagrass sediments were seagrass structural complexity, turbidity, water depth, and wave height. In the Canopy Complexity region, carbon content was higher for shallower sites and those with higher seagrass structural complexity. When turbidity varied along the Turbidity Gradient, carbon content was higher at sites with high turbidity. In both regions carbon content was consistently higher in sheltered areas with lower wave height. Seagrass canopy structure, water depth, turbidity, and hydrodynamic setting of seagrass meadows should therefore be considered in conservation and management strategies that aim to maximize sediment carbon content.
    Keywords: AM_T23-S; AM_T24-W; AM_T3-N; AM_T4-S; AM_T5-N; AM_T6-W; AM_T7-N; AP.1; AP.2; AP.3; AP.4; AP.5; AP.6; Biomass, dry mass per area; BM_WA_04; BM_WA_05; BMS_AM_06; BMS_AM_07; BMS_AM_08; BMS_AM_10; BMS_AM_11; BMS_AM_11-3; BMS_AM_16; BMS_AM_18; BMS_AM_7; BMS_AM_8; BMS_MA_01; BMS_MA_03; BMS_MA_05; BMS_MA_06; BMS_MA_07; BMS_MA_11; BMS_MA_18; BMS_MA_3; BMS_MA_5; BMS_MA_6; BMS_MO_01; BMS_MO_02; BMS_MO_09; BMS_MO_15; BMS_MO_16; BMS_MO_18; BMS_WA_0; BMS_WA_01; BMS_WA_02; BMS_WA_4; BMS_WA_5; C.1; C.2; C.3; C.4; C.5; C.6; Cymodocea serrulata, area; Cymodocea serrulata, biomass, dry mass; Cymodocea serrulata, length; Cymodocea serrulata, shoots; Cymodocea serrulata, width; DATE/TIME; Density, shoots; Detritus, biomass, dry mass; DIVER; Eastern Banks, Amity Banks; Eastern Banks, Chain Banks; Eastern Banks, Maroom Banks; Eastern Banks, Moreton Banks; Eastern Banks, Wanga Wallen Banks; Event label; Halodule uninervis, area; Halodule uninervis, biomass, dry mass; Halodule uninervis, length; Halodule uninervis, shoots; Halodule uninervis, width; Halophila ovalis, area; Halophila ovalis, biomass, dry mass; Halophila ovalis, length; Halophila ovalis, shoots; Halophila ovalis, width; Halophila spinulosa, area; Halophila spinulosa, biomass, dry mass; Halophila spinulosa, length; Halophila spinulosa, shoots; Halophila spinulosa, width; L.1; L.2; L.3; L.4; L.5; L.6; Latitude of event; Location of event; Longitude of event; M.1; M.2; M.3; M.4; M.5; M.6; MA_T2-E; MA_T3-E; MA_T4-E; MA_T5-E; Macroalgae, biomass, dry mass; Mangrove, biomass, dry mass; MB_AM_T10-E; MB_AM_T10-W; MB_AM_T1-E; MB_AM_T23-N; MB_AM_T23-S; MB_AM_T24-E; MB_AM_T24-W; MB_AM_T3-N; MB_AM_T3-S; MB_AM_T4-N; MB_AM_T4-S; MB_AM_T5-N; MB_AM_T5-S; MB_AM_T6_end; MB_AM_T7-N; MB_AM_T7-S; MB_AM_T8-W; MB_CH1_end; MB_CH1_start; MB_MA_T1-N_end; MB_MA_T1-S; MB_MA_T2_end; MB_MA_T2-W_start; MB_MA_T3_end; MB_MA_T3-W; MB_MA_T4_end; MB_MA_T4-S_start; MB_MA_T5_end; MB_MA_T5_start; MB_MO_T21-E_start; MB_MO_T21-W_end; MB_MO_T2-N_end; MB_MO_T2-S_start; MB_MO_T30_end; MB_MO_T30_start; MB_MO_T3-E_end; MB_MO_T3-W_start; MB_MO_T4_end_B2; MB_MO_T4-E_start_B20; MB_MO_T4-E_start_B5; MB_MO_T4-W_end_B19; MB_MO_T5_end; MB_MO_T5-E_start; MB_MO_T6-E_end; MB_MO_T6-W_start; MB_MO_T8-N_start; MB_MO_T8-S_end; MB_MO_T9_end; MB_MO_T9_start; MB_WA_T3-E; MB_WA_T3-W; MB_WA_T4-E; MB_WA_T4-W; MB_WA_T5-E; MB_WA_T5-W; MB_WA_T6-E; MB_WA_T6-W; MB_WA_TW1-E; MB_WA_TW1-W; MO_T2-S; MO_T30-E; MO_T3-E; MO_T3-W; MO_T4-E; MO_T5-E; MO_T6-W; MO_T9-S; Moreton Bay, Amity Point; Moreton Bay, Cleveland; Moreton Bay, Lota; Moreton Bay, Myora Springs; Moreton Bay, North Deception Bay; Moreton Bay, Port of Brisbane; Moreton Bay, Wellington; NDB.1; NDB.2; NDB.3; NDB.4; NDB.5; NDB.6; PoB.1; PoB.2; PoB.3; PoB.4; PoB.5; PoB.6; Sampling by diver; see Samper-Villarreal et al. (2016); Syringodium isoetifolium, area; Syringodium isoetifolium, biomass, dry mass; Syringodium isoetifolium, length; Syringodium isoetifolium, shoots; Syringodium isoetifolium, width; T2_Starbug-1; T2_Starbug-2; T2_Starbug-3; W.1; W.2; W.3; W.4; W.5; W.6; WA_T4-W; WA_T5-N; WW_TT1; WW_TT10; WW_TT11; WW_TT2; WW_TT3; WW_TT4; WW_TT5; WW_TT6; WW_TT7; WW_TT8; WW_TT9; Zostera muelleri, area; Zostera muelleri, biomass, dry mass; Zostera muelleri, length; Zostera muelleri, shoots; Zostera muelleri, width
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 7333 data points
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    DATA PANGAEA
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