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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    CHEMISTRY OF VIRAL INFECTED CELLS (1960)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 88 (1960), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1749-6632
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.1960.tb20121.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Macromolecular Synthesis in Cells infected with Reovirus Type 2 and the Effect of Ara-C (1967)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 214 (1967), S. 622-623 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] The macromolecular syntheses of both DNA and protein were followed during the viral growth cycle by conventional procedures of autoradiography using the liquid emulsion procedure3. HA or HeLa cells grown on cover-slips4 were infected with reovirus type 2 (strain D-5) at a virus : cell multiplicity ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/214622a0
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Growth characteristics and immunocytochemical studies of reovirus type 2 in a line of human amnion cells (1966)
    Springer
    Archives of virology 18 (1966), S. 16-24 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-8798
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The intracellular development of reovirus type 2 and its interaction with an established human amnion cell line (RA) have been investigated. Adsorption studies indicate that maximal adsorption of the virus to the RA cell was attained within 75–90 minutes after exposure. Single cycle growth studies revealed an eclipse period of 9 hours, and maximal yields were reached at 36 hours post-infection (p.i.). In comparison, the eclipse period for reovirus type 3 in the same cell line was 6 hours, with maximal yields attained at approximately 26 hours p.i. Immunofluorescent and cytochemical (acridine orange) examination of virus-induced alterations in the cell during a single growth cycle of reovirus type 2 revealed the following: a) appearance of virus antigen in the perinuclear region as early as 4 hours p.i. and a maximum number of cells containing antigen by 10 hours p.i.; b) appearance of orthochromatically green-staining perinuclear inclusions at 6 hours p.i. These inclusions were resistant to digestion by ribonuclease and deoxyribonuclease. Metachromatically red-staining inclusions sensitive to ribonuclease were observed to appear in a few cells late in the infectious cycle.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01241697
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Role of lysine in the replication of reovirus (1971)
    Springer
    Archives of virology 35 (1971), S. 114-125 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-8798
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Omission of lysine from the extracellular medium of HeLa cells infected with reovirus type 2 results in the production of virus structures which could be separated by isopycnic sedimentation in CsCl into a top band of empty particles (L-T) and a bottom band (L-B) containing a mixture of defective and complete virus structures. The L-T and L-B particles were found to be similar to the complete virus in the following properties: adsorption characteristics to HeLa cells, RNA base composition, and qualitative distribution of the double-stranded viral RNA segments and structural viral proteins. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis analyses of the capsid proteins of L-T and L-B particles indicated a quantitative alteration in the distribution of their protein components. In addition, L-T particles contained markedly reduced amounts of the single-stranded adenine-rich RNA component. The synthesis of viral double-stranded RNA and cytoplasmic proteins were both reduced in lysine-deficient cell cultures. In contrast, the synthesis of single-stranded RNA remained unaltered. Addition of increasing concentrations of lysine to lysine-deficient cultures resulted in increasing yields of infectious virus.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01249758
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Reovirus cytotoxicity: Some properties of the UV-irradiated reovirus and its capsid proteins (1972)
    Springer
    Archives of virology 39 (1972), S. 172-189 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-8798
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Ultraviolet light (UV) inactivation of infectious reovirus type 2 for 2 to 10 minutes resulted in the acquisition of cytotoxic (CT) property by the virus. The CT property was maximum after 10 mins irradiation and could not be associated with any detectable changes in the physical, chemical and biological properties of the irradiated virus. In contrast, prolonged irradiation (60 minutes) resulted in a loss of CT property which was associated with severe alterations in a number of viral properties. Furthermore, the loss of CT-induction was apparently not due to a lack of adsorption of the irradiated particles to the cell. Experiments with reovirus “empties” and urea-degraded virus indicated that the protein components of the outer capsid structure were in a manner yet to be defined involved with the CT phenomenon. The UV-irradiated reovirus exhibited transcriptase activity without prior activation by either brief heating or chymotrypsin treatments.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01241540
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Establishment, cryopreservation, and growth of 11 cell lines prepared from a juvenile Hawaiian monk seal, Monachus schauinslandi (2000)
    Springer
    Methods in cell science 22 (2000), S. 115-124 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0603
    Keywords: Cell culture ; Marine mammal ; Monachus schauinslandi ; Monk seal
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Eleven cell lines were prepared from skin, snout, liver, kidney, lung, heart, brain, spleen, thyroid, urinary bladder, and periorbital soft tissue of a juvenile Hawaiian monk seal (Monachus schauinslandi). The cell grew at 37 °C in RPMI 1640 medium supplemented with 20% fetal bovine serum. These cell lines have been subcultured 11–27 times since their initiation in May 1997. Growth of the monk seal cells was serum-dependent and plating efficiencies ranged from 4–24%. These monk seal cells grew well in M199, L-15 and MEM commonly used for cultivation of animal and mammalian cells and retained 87% cell viability following storage for 2.5 years in liquid nitrogen. Karyotyping indicated that these monk seal-derived cell lines remained diploid with a chromosome count of 34 at their early passage (passage 9–13). These cell lines were tested for herpesvirus by polymerase chain reaction using degenerate oligonucleotide primers designed from the highly conserved region of herpesviral DNA polymerase gene and no specific detection occurred. These newly established cell lines are currently being used for the investigation of an eye disease occurring in captive monk seal pups in Oahu and will be available for future isolation and study of monk seal viruses.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1009816715383
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Book reviews (1980)
    Springer
    Water, air & soil pollution 14 (1980), S. 461-500 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2932
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00291859
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Recycling of water for irrigation: Persistence of enteroviruses in sewage effluent and natural waters receiving the effluent (1978)
    Springer
    Water, air & soil pollution 9 (1978), S. 213-226 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2932
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract A virological analyses of a sewage treatment plant which provided chlorinated, activated sludge treated sewage effluent to irrigate a complete two-year crop of sugarcane was made. The raw, the activated sludge treated and the chlorinated sewage effluent, as well as streams and a harbor receiving sewage effluents were concentrated by either the polymer two-phase, PE-60, Al(OH)3, protamine sulfate, or cellulose membrane method and assayed for human enteric viruses. Viruses were recovered from 100% (11/11) of the raw sewages tested at concentrations ranging from 27 to 19 000 PFU l−1 while 76% (13/17) of the activated sludge treated effluent was positive at concentrations ranging from 7 to 5222 PFU l−1. After chlorination, 58% (31/53) of the samples was positive for virus at concentrations ranging from 2 to 750 PFU l−1. Human enteroviruses were also isolated from shallow flowing streams at distances up to 3 mi (5 km) from the closest known sewage effluent discharge point and from a harbor approximately 0.5 mi (0.8 km) from the point of sewage discharge entering the harbor. The viruses most often isolated were echovirus 7, coxsackievirus B-4, B-5 and poliovirus 1, 2, and 3. These results indicate that although activated sludge treatment plus chlorination remove approximately 90% of the virus from the raw sewage, the final treated sewage effluent, which is normally discharged into a stream and in this experimental study to irrigate sugarcane, still contains a significant concentration of infectious viruses. Furthermore, the recovery of enteroviruses from waterways at points distant from the sewage treatment plants indicates that sewage-borne viruses persist in natural water environment. The significance of enteric viruses in waters accessible to the public and used for irrigation purposes remains to be determined.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00280708
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Recovery, survival and dissemination of human enteric viruses in ocean waters receiving sewage in Hawaii (1979)
    Springer
    Water, air & soil pollution 12 (1979), S. 197-217 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2932
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract A commercial model of a portable virus concentrator operating on the principle of the membrane virus adsorption-elution technique was used to examine the recovery and distribution of human enteropathogenic viruses in Hawaiian waters receiving sewage wastes. Although operating at an efficiency of 20%, a variety of human enteric viruses was isolated, including polioviruses, Coxsackievirus and Echoviruses. Positive virus isolations were consistently made and at high concentrations at sampling stations closest to the sewage outfall. The frequency of virus isolations decreased with increasing distance from the discharge site. viruses were recovered in all directions from the outfall and even as far as 3.2 km east but not 6.4 km away from the discharge site. Tidal conditions to some degree were found to influence the dissemination of viruses. However, since sampling was generally performed at the surface of the water (0.3 to 0.6 m depth), the influence of winds and surface currents was more difficult to assess. Although a positive correlation was found between the presence of high concentrations of indicator coliforms and viruses in waters closest to the discharge site, this relationship was not seen at sampling stations farther away. At these latter stations, positive virus isolations with corresponding low to negligible coliform counts were made which reaffirmed previous published observations that human enteric viruses are relatively more stable in ocean water than coliform bacteria. Furthermore, the instability of the coliform bacteria consequently affected the fecal coliform/fecal streptococci ratios which thus invalidated the use of such ratios to indicate contamination by human wastes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01047123
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