GLORIA

GEOMAR Library Ocean Research Information Access

X

Your email was sent successfully. Check your inbox.

An error occurred while sending the email. Please try again.

Proceed reservation?

Export
  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Reliability of the fMRI-based assessment of self-evaluation in individuals with internet gaming disorder
    Springer Science and Business Media LLC ; 2022
    In:  European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience Vol. 272, No. 6 ( 2022-09), p. 1119-1134
    Details
    In: European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, Vol. 272, No. 6 ( 2022-09), p. 1119-1134
    Abstract: The self-concept—defined as the cognitive representation of beliefs about oneself—determines how individuals view themselves, others, and their actions. A negative self-concept can drive gaming use and internet gaming disorder (IGD). The assessment of the neural correlates of self-evaluation gained popularity to assess the self-concept in individuals with IGD. This attempt, however, seems to critically depend on the reliability of the investigated task-fMRI brain activation. As first study to date, we assessed test–retest reliability of an fMRI self-evaluation task. Test–retest reliability of neural brain activation between two separate fMRI sessions (approximately 12 months apart) was investigated in N  = 29 healthy participants and N  = 11 individuals with pathological internet gaming. We computed reliability estimates for the different task contrasts (self, a familiar, and an unknown person) and the contrast (self  〉  familiar and unknown person). Data indicated good test–retest reliability of brain activation, captured by the “self”, “familiar person”, and “unknown person” contrasts, in a large network of brain regions in the whole sample ( N  = 40) and when considering both experimental groups separately. In contrast to that, only a small set of brain regions showed moderate to good reliability, when investigating the contrasts (“self  〉  familiar and unknown person”). The lower reliability of the contrast can be attributed to the fact that the constituting contrast conditions were highly correlated. Future research on self-evaluation should be cautioned by the findings of substantial local reliability differences across the brain and employ methods to overcome these limitations.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0940-1334 , 1433-8491
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1007/s00406-021-01307-2
    Language: English
    Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2793981-9
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1459045-1
    SSG: 2,1
    Location Call Number Limitation Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Online Resource
  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Effects of Cigarette Smoking on Plasma Concentration of the Appetite-Regulating Peptide Ghrelin
    S. Karger AG ; 2015
    In:  Annals of Nutrition and Metabolism Vol. 66, No. 2-3 ( 2015), p. 155-161
    Details
    In: Annals of Nutrition and Metabolism, S. Karger AG, Vol. 66, No. 2-3 ( 2015), p. 155-161
    Abstract: 〈 b 〉 〈 i 〉 Background: 〈 /i 〉 〈 /b 〉 Weight gain is a common but only a partially understood consequence of smoking cessation. Existing data suggest modulating effects of the orexigenic peptide ghrelin on food intake. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of tobacco withdrawal on plasma concentration of acetylated and total ghrelin. 〈 b 〉 〈 i 〉 Methods: 〈 /i 〉 〈 /b 〉 Fifty four normal-weighted smokers and 30 non-smoking healthy controls were enrolled in our study. Concentrations of acetylated and total ghrelin were measured in blood plasma drawn two hours after a standardized meal and three hours after the smokers smoked their last cigarette. The severity of tobacco addiction was assessed based on cotinine plasma concentration, the Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence (FTND) and the number of cigarettes smoked per day. 〈 b 〉 〈 i 〉 Results: 〈 /i 〉 〈 /b 〉 The plasma concentration of acetylated ghrelin, but not total ghrelin, was significantly higher in smokers than in non-smokers. Moreover, we found significant negative correlations between acetylated ghrelin and all measures of the severity of nicotine dependence. 〈 b 〉 〈 i 〉 Conclusions: 〈 /i 〉 〈 /b 〉 Early abstinence from tobacco smoking seems to be associated with increased plasma concentration of the orexigenic peptide acetylated ghrelin. This could be one reason for increased food craving during nicotine withdrawal and subsequent weight gain. Smokers might compensate these effects by increasing tobacco intake.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0250-6807 , 1421-9697
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1159/000381834
    Language: English
    Publisher: S. Karger AG
    Publication Date: 2015
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1481977-6
    Location Call Number Limitation Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Online Resource
  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Decision Making of Heavy Cannabis Users on the Iowa Gambling Task: Stronger Association with THC of Hair Analysis than with Personality Traits of the Tridimensional Personality Questionnaire
    S. Karger AG ; 2009
    In:  European Addiction Research Vol. 15, No. 2 ( 2009), p. 94-98
    Details
    In: European Addiction Research, S. Karger AG, Vol. 15, No. 2 ( 2009), p. 94-98
    Abstract: 〈 i 〉 Background: 〈 /i 〉 It is unclear whether impairment in decision making, measured by the Iowa Gambling Task (IGT), in addiction is substance-induced or the consequence of personality structure. 〈 i 〉 Methods: 〈 /i 〉 Analysis of the IGT, the Tridimensional Personality Questionnaire (TPQ) and cannabinoids in hair and urine were performed in 13 cannabis users and matched controls. 〈 i 〉 Results: 〈 /i 〉 Hair Δ 〈 sup 〉 9 〈 /sup 〉 -tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) correlated negatively with the last subtrial (cards 80–100) of the IGT (R = –0.67). In all participants (n = 26) the TPQ dimension, harm avoidance, correlated negatively with the total IGT score (R = –0.46). The last IGT-subtrial correlated with adventure seeking (R = 0.43), harm avoidance (R = –0.39) and reward dependence (R = –0.44). The last subtrial gives information on whether a participant has learned the IGT strategy. Multiple regression confirmed the impact of THC on the last subtrial, whereas TPQ personality traits did not additionally explain variance. 〈 i 〉 Conclusions: 〈 /i 〉 Former indications of the IGT performance depending on the amount of cannabis consumed were replicated with an objective measurement of chronic cannabis consumption (hair THC). Multiple regression analysis argues for a stronger impact of chronic THC consumption than personality traits, but does not provide a causal relationship. Other factors (e.g. genetic) may also play a role.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1022-6877 , 1421-9891
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1159/000189788
    Language: English
    Publisher: S. Karger AG
    Publication Date: 2009
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1482231-3
    Location Call Number Limitation Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Online Resource
  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Attention Shift towards Smoking Cues Relates to Severity of Dependence, Smoking Behavior and Breath Carbon Monoxide
    S. Karger AG ; 2011
    In:  European Addiction Research Vol. 17, No. 4 ( 2011), p. 217-224
    Details
    In: European Addiction Research, S. Karger AG, Vol. 17, No. 4 ( 2011), p. 217-224
    Abstract: The aim of this study was to assess the severity of dependence as a factor affecting the attentional bias of smokers towards smoking-related stimuli and to clarify contradictory results of previous studies. A visual dot probe task was administered to 51 smokers and 41 nonsmokers to assess the attentional bias. Smokers were classified into a group of less severely dependent and a group of more severely dependent smokers according to the Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence, the number of cigarettes smoked per day or the CO concentration in the expired air. Nicotine craving was assessed as well. The more severely dependent smokers displayed an attentional bias towards smoking-related stimuli, while smokers with less severe nicotine dependence showed a negative attentional bias which was also observed in nonsmokers. A multiple linear regression indicated that CO concentration was the only significant predictor of attentional bias. In the total group of smokers we found a positive association between attentional bias and craving for the rewarding effects of nicotine. Future studies are warranted to further enhance our understanding of factors that affect attentional bias as appetitive responses towards smoking-related stimuli might be an important target for therapeutic interventions.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1022-6877 , 1421-9891
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1159/000327775
    Language: English
    Publisher: S. Karger AG
    Publication Date: 2011
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1482231-3
    Location Call Number Limitation Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Online Resource
  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The Effects of the Lockdown during the COVID-19 Pandemic on Alcohol and Tobacco Consumption Behavior in Germany
    S. Karger AG ; 2021
    In:  European Addiction Research Vol. 27, No. 4 ( 2021), p. 242-256
    Details
    In: European Addiction Research, S. Karger AG, Vol. 27, No. 4 ( 2021), p. 242-256
    Abstract: 〈 b 〉 〈 i 〉 Background: 〈 /i 〉 〈 /b 〉 Similar to other countries, the government of Germany has implemented various restrictions of social life in March 2020 to slow the spread of COVID-19 pandemic. This results in millions of people being isolated for long periods, which may increase feelings of worry and anxiety. As the consumption of alcohol and tobacco is an often used dysfunctional strategy to cope with such feelings, these restrictions might cause an increase of consumption. Already at the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, the World Health Organization (WHO) warned that increased alcohol consumption during the lockdown can increase the prevalence of alcohol use disorders in the future. However, up to now little is known about the changes in alcohol-drinking behavior and tobacco smoking in the general population during the COVID-19 pandemic. 〈 b 〉 〈 i 〉 Methods: 〈 /i 〉 〈 /b 〉 To address this theme, we investigated the changes in alcohol and tobacco consumption in the German population aged between 18 and 80 years via an online survey. 〈 b 〉 〈 i 〉 Results: 〈 /i 〉 〈 /b 〉 In total, 3,245 persons participated in the survey; 35.5% of them reported an increase in drinking during the lockdown (42.9% did not change their drinking behavior, 21.3% drank less, and 0.3% started drinking). The odds of consuming more alcohol during lockdown were associated with middle age, higher subjective stress due to the COVID-19 pandemic, a lower agreement with the importance of the restrictions, and consuming alcohol more than once per week before the lockdown. Also, 45.8% of the participants increased their smoking during the lockdown. The odds of smoking more during lockdown were associated with higher subjective stress due to the COVID-19 pandemic. 〈 b 〉 〈 i 〉 Conclusion: 〈 /i 〉 〈 /b 〉 These findings suggest that it is important to start campaigns to inform the general population about potential long-term effects of increased alcohol and tobacco consumption and to raise the health-care professionals’ awareness of this topic.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1022-6877 , 1421-9891
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1159/000515438
    Language: English
    Publisher: S. Karger AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1482231-3
    Location Call Number Limitation Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Online Resource
  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    A Smarter Way to Use Your Smartphone: An Intervention to Limit Smartphone-Related Distractions Reduces Hyperactivity but Not Inattention Symptoms
    S. Karger AG ; 2022
    In:  European Addiction Research Vol. 28, No. 4 ( 2022), p. 255-266
    Details
    In: European Addiction Research, S. Karger AG, Vol. 28, No. 4 ( 2022), p. 255-266
    Abstract: 〈 b 〉 〈 i 〉 Introduction: 〈 /i 〉 〈 /b 〉 Smartphones are often helpful in our everyday lives. Yet, they also tend to interrupt us during other activities. It has been argued that such distractions contribute to 〈 i 〉 attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder 〈 /i 〉 -like symptoms. However, since there are mostly correlational studies, the causal nature of this relationship is unclear. Our aim was to test whether reducing smartphone-related distractions might have a beneficial effect on inattention and hyperactive symptoms. 〈 b 〉 〈 i 〉 Methods: 〈 /i 〉 〈 /b 〉 We conducted a 1-week field experiment with 37 healthy undergraduates and quasi-randomly assigned them to an intervention or control group (CG). The intervention group was given theory-based specific instructions that aimed at reducing smartphone-related distractions, whereas the CG received no intervention. The outcomes of interest were inattention level, hyperactive symptoms, and working memory accuracy. 〈 b 〉 〈 i 〉 Results: 〈 /i 〉 〈 /b 〉 Compared to those in the control condition, participants who limited their smartphone use showed considerable reductions in hyperactive symptoms after 1 week – particularly those who displayed high problematic smartphone use. However, there were no group differences regarding inattention symptoms and working memory accuracy. 〈 b 〉 〈 i 〉 Discussion: 〈 /i 〉 〈 /b 〉 The results give a first hint that strategically reducing smartphone-related distractions via specific but simple use modifications can mitigate hyperactive symptoms. Especially people with problematic smartphone use seem to profit from such an intervention. Remaining questions and directions are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1022-6877 , 1421-9891
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1159/000521693
    Language: English
    Publisher: S. Karger AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1482231-3
    Location Call Number Limitation Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Online Resource
  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Neurochemical Correlates of Cue Reactivity in Individuals with Excessive Smartphone Use
    S. Karger AG ; 2023
    In:  European Addiction Research Vol. 29, No. 1 ( 2023), p. 71-75
    Details
    In: European Addiction Research, S. Karger AG, Vol. 29, No. 1 ( 2023), p. 71-75
    Abstract: 〈 b 〉 〈 i 〉 Background: 〈 /i 〉 〈 /b 〉 Excessive smartphone use (ESU), that is, a pattern of smartphone use that shows specific features of addictive behavior, has increasingly attracted societal and scientific interest in the past years. On the neurobiological level, ESU has recently been related to structural and functional variation in reward and salience processing networks, as shown by, for example, aberrant patterns of neural activity elicited by specific smartphone cues. 〈 b 〉 〈 i 〉 Objectives: 〈 /i 〉 〈 /b 〉 Expanding on these findings, using cross-modal correlations of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-based measures with nuclear imaging-derived estimates, we aimed at identifying neurochemical pathways that are related to ESU. 〈 b 〉 〈 i 〉 Methods: 〈 /i 〉 〈 /b 〉 Cross-modal correlations between functional MRI data derived from a cue-reactivity task administered in persons with and without ESU and specific PET/SPECT receptor probability maps. 〈 b 〉 〈 i 〉 Results: 〈 /i 〉 〈 /b 〉 The endogenous mu-opioid receptor (MOR) system was found to be significantly (FDR-corrected) correlated with fMRI data, and z-transformed correlation coefficients showed an association (albeit nonsignificant after FDR-correction) between MOR and the Smartphone Addiction Inventory “withdrawal” dimension. 〈 b 〉 〈 i 〉 Conclusions: 〈 /i 〉 〈 /b 〉 We could identify the MOR system as a neurochemical pathway associated with ESU. The MOR system is closely linked to the reward system, which has been recognized as a key player in addictive disorders. Together with its potential link to withdrawal, the MOR system hints toward a biologically highly relevant marker, which should be taken into consideration in the ongoing scientific discussion on technology-related addictive behaviors.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1022-6877 , 1421-9891
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1159/000527095
    Language: English
    Publisher: S. Karger AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1482231-3
    Location Call Number Limitation Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Online Resource
  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Pathologischer PC- und Internetgebrauch bei Kindern und Jugendlichen
    Georg Thieme Verlag KG ; 2014
    In:  PSYCH up2date Vol. 8, No. 05 ( 2014-09), p. 309-326
    Details
    In: PSYCH up2date, Georg Thieme Verlag KG, Vol. 8, No. 05 ( 2014-09), p. 309-326
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2194-8895 , 2194-8909
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1055/s-0034-1370296
    Language: German
    Publisher: Georg Thieme Verlag KG
    Publication Date: 2014
    Location Call Number Limitation Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Online Resource
  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Decision‐making deficits in patients diagnosed with disordered gambling using the Cambridge Gambling task: the effects of substance use disorder comorbidity
    Wiley ; 2014
    In:  Brain and Behavior Vol. 4, No. 4 ( 2014-07), p. 484-494
    Details
    In: Brain and Behavior, Wiley, Vol. 4, No. 4 ( 2014-07), p. 484-494
    Abstract: Disordered gambling ( DG ) has often been associated with impaired decision‐making abilities, suggesting a dysfunction in the ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vm PFC ). Aims To our knowledge, no previous study has accurately considered the effect of substance use disorder ( SUD ) comorbidity (including nicotine dependence) on decision‐making impairments in DG . Methods and Materials We employed the Cambridge Gambling Task ( CGT ) to assess a big cohort of patients diagnosed with DG ( N = 80 ) against matched healthy controls ( HC s) ( N = 108 ). The cohort included DG patients with nicotine and alcohol dependence, alcohol dependence only and 12 “pure” nonsmokers with only DG diagnosis. Results Pure nonsmoking, nicotine dependent as well as alcoholic DG s with current nicotine dependence, demonstrated a decision making profile, characterized by poor decision‐making abilities and failure to make right choices (rational), closely resembling that of patients with vm PFC damage. Discussion This suggests that DG s with and without SUD comorbidity are equally affected in that domain of decision making abilities. Additionally, gambling diagnosis combined with alcohol and nicotine dependence involves a group of gambling patients with a relatively riskier decision making profile, showing that these patients apart from making irrational decisions take also more risks. Our findings highlight the importance of accounting for SUD comorbidities with useful implications for future research and therapy. Limitations of the current investigation are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2162-3279 , 2162-3279
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1002/brb3.2014.4.issue-4
    DOI: 10.1002/brb3.231
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2014
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2623587-0
    Location Call Number Limitation Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Online Resource
  • 10
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    “Who Am I” and “How Should I Be”: a Systematic Review on Self-Concept and Avatar Identification in Gaming Disorder
    Springer Science and Business Media LLC ; 2020
    In:  Current Addiction Reports Vol. 7, No. 2 ( 2020-06-01), p. 166-193
    Details
    In: Current Addiction Reports, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, Vol. 7, No. 2 ( 2020-06-01), p. 166-193
    Abstract: Gaming disorder (GD) appears to be associated with self-concept deficits and increased identification with one’s avatar. The goal of this literature review is to highlight study findings assessing psychological and neurobiological correlates of self-concept-related characteristics and avatar identification in GD. Recent Findings The review was based on three literature researches on GD: (1) self-esteem, (2) emotional, social, and academic self-concept domains and avatar identification, and (3) neurobiological correlates of self-concept and avatar identification. The results indicate that GD is associated with decreased self-esteem as well as deficits in physical, social, and emotional self-concept domains. A relatively stable relationship between higher avatar identification and GD was reported in addicted gamers. Furthermore, addicted gamers showed increased activation of brain regions associated with Theory-of-Mind processing while contemplating their own avatar. Summary The results point towards impairments in self-concept and increased identification with the virtual gaming character in addicted gamers. This virtual compensation fosters the formation of an idealized self-concept, which grows increasingly distant from their own self-image. Thus, additional empirically based psychological interventions should focus on the development of a realistic self-image by reducing the dysfunctional discrepancy between the ideal self and the real self.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2196-2952
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1007/s40429-020-00307-x
    Language: English
    Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2757972-4
    Location Call Number Limitation Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Online Resource
Close ⊗
This website uses cookies and the analysis tool Matomo. More information can be found here...