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  • 1
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    Impact of poleward moisture transport from the North Pacific on the acceleration of sea ice loss in the Arctic since 2002 (2017)
    American Meteorological Society
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-25
    Description: Author Posting. © American Meteorological Society, 2017. This article is posted here by permission of American Meteorological Society for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Journal of Climate 30 (2017): 6757-6769, doi:10.1175/JCLI-D-16-0461.1.
    Description: Arctic sea ice area (SIA) during late summer and early fall decreased substantially over the last four decades, and its decline accelerated beginning in the early 2000s. Statistical analyses of observations show that enhanced poleward moisture transport from the North Pacific to the Arctic Ocean contributed to the accelerated SIA decrease during the most recent period. As a consequence, specific humidity in the Arctic Pacific sector significantly increased along with an increase of downward longwave radiation beginning in 2002, which led to a significant acceleration in the decline of SIA in the Arctic Pacific sector. The resulting sea ice loss led to increased evaporation in the Arctic Ocean, resulting in a further increase of the specific humidity in mid-to-late fall, thus acting as a positive feedback to the sea ice loss. The overall set of processes is also found in a long control simulation of a coupled climate model.
    Description: This work was supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea Grant NRF-2009-C1AAA001-0093, funded by the Korean government (MEST), to HJL, YHK, and MOK. S-WY is supported by the Korea Meteorological Administration Research and Development Program under Grant KMIPA2015-1042. Y-OK is supported by the U.S. Department of Energy (DE-SC0014433) and National Science Foundation (OCE-1242989). WP acknowledges support from the BMBF project CLIMPRE InterDec (FKZ: 01LP1609B).
    Description: 2018-01-26
    Keywords: Pacific decadal oscillation ; Sea surface temperature ; Humidity ; Ice loss/growth
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Article
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  • 2
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    Late-1980s regime shift in the formation of the North Pacific subtropical mode water (2020)
    American Geophysical Union
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-10-26
    Description: Author Posting. © American Geophysical Union, 2020. This article is posted here by permission of American Geophysical Union for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Journal of Geophysical Research-Oceans 125(2), (2020): e2019JC015700, doi:10.1029/2019JC015700.
    Description: The formation mechanism as well as its temporal change of the North Pacific subtropical mode water (NPSTMW) is investigated using a 50‐year (1960–2009) ocean general circulation model hindcast. The volume budget analysis suggests that the formation of the NPSTMW is mainly controlled by the air‐sea interaction and ocean dynamics, but there is a regime shift of the relative importance between the two around late‐1980s. While the local air‐sea interaction process is a main driver of the NPSTMW formation prior to late‐1980s, ocean dynamics including the vertical entrainment become dominant since then. The NPSTMW formation is affected by the North Pacific Oscillation simultaneously in the early period, but with a few years lag in the later period. The interdecadal change of the driving mechanism of the interannual variability of the NPSTMW is probably due to the stronger (weaker) influence of local atmospheric forcing in the western North Pacific and unfavorable (favorable) wind stress curl condition for the remote oceanic forcing from the central North Pacific during the former (later) period. This regime shift may be related to the change of centers of the actions of the wind stress curl since the late‐1980s.
    Description: The CORE2 data set was obtained from https://data1.gfdl.noaa.gov/nomads/forms/core/COREv2.html. The World Ocean Atlas 2009 and the Polar Hydrographic Climatology data set were obtained from https://www.nodc.noaa.gov/OC5/WOA09/pr_woa09.html and http://psc.apl.washington.edu/nonwp_projects/PHC/Climatology.html, respectively. The OSCAR data were taken from https://podaac.jpl.nasa.gov/dataset/OSCAR_L4_OC_third‐deg. The database of mixed layer depth is downloaded from http://mixedlayer.ucsd.edu. The data set of the Argo floats was taken from http://uskess.whoi.edu/. The sea surface height data observed by the satellite are available from AVISO (http://www.aviso.altimetry.fr/duacs/). The EN4 data set was downloaded from https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/hadobs/en4/. This study was supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) Grant NRF‐2009‐C1AAA001‐0093, funded by the Korea government (MEST). The numerical simulation in this paper was supported by the Supercomputing Center of Korea Institute of Science and Technology Information (KISTI), with its supercomputing resources and technical support (KSC‐2018‐CRE‐0117). Y.‐O. Kwon was funded by National Science Foundation (NSF) EaSM2 OCE‐1242989. Y. H. Kim was partly supported by research projects entitled “Investigation and prediction system development of marine heatwave around the Korean Peninsula originated from the subarctic and western Pacific” (20190344) funded by the Ministry of Oceans and Fisheries (MOF). G. Pak was supported by in‐house projects of the Korea Institute of Ocean Science & Technology (PE99711, PE99811).
    Description: 2020-09-07
    Keywords: Ocean general circulation model ; North Pacific subtropical mode water ; Kuroshio Extension ; Volume budget ; Regime shift ; North Pacific Oscillation
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Article
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  • 3
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    Deepening of Future Aleutian Low in Ensemble Global Warming Simulations with the Kiel Climate Model (2020)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-02-08
    Description: We project changes of the Aleutian Low (AL) under global warming using ensemble simulations with a fully coupled ocean-atmosphere-sea ice model, the Kiel Climate Model (KCM). In the global warming simulations, the carbon dioxide (CO2) concentration increases by 1% per year from the preindustrial level of 286.2 ppm to a quadruple value in 140 years. Results from the 40 members of an ensemble simulation show an intensification of the AL such that ensemble mean North Pacific Index (NPI) is decreased by 2.71 hPa. It is also accompanied with an expansion of the AL to north. While the effect of weakened land-ocean thermal contrast and SST warming in the eastern tropical Pacific on the AL strength are relatively weak and marginally significant, sea ice loss in the marginal seas of the North Pacific, such as the Bering Sea and the Sea of Okhotsk, increases the surface air temperature and makes pressure lower over the Bering Sea and the Aleutian Islands. Especially, sea ice loss in the Okhotsk Sea drives the SLP change around the Aleutian Islands and contributes to the strengthening of the AL.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
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    OceanRep: Article in a Scientific Journal - peer-reviewed
  • 4
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    Multidecadal Regime Shifts in North Pacific Subtropical Mode Water Formation in a Coupled Atmosphere‐Ocean‐Sea Ice Model (2022)
    Wiley | AGU (American Geophysical Union)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-02-07
    Description: A regime shift in the formation mechanisms of the North Pacific subtropical mode water (NPSTMW) and its causes were investigated using a 2,000-year-long pre-industrial control simulation of a fully coupled atmosphere-ocean-sea ice model. The volume budget analysis revealed that the air-sea flux and ocean dynamics (OD) were the two primary driving mechanisms for NPSTMW formation, but their relative importance has periodically alternated in multidecadal timescales of approximately 50–70 years. The regime shift of the NPSTMW formation was closely related to the meridional (50 years) and zonal (70 years) movements of the Aleutian Low (AL). When AL shifted to the south or east, it induces the sea surface height anomalies propagating westward from the central North Pacific and preconditions the NPSTMW formation, thus the OD become relatively more important. Key Points: - Driving mechanisms for the North Pacific subtropical mode water formation exhibit a regime shift with a periodicity of about 50–70 years - Multidecadal regime shifts are associated with meridional and zonal shifts in the Aleutian Low (AL) - Position shift of the AL affects the variability of the local air-sea flux and remotely driven oceanic dynamics
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    Format: text
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    OceanRep: Article in a Scientific Journal - peer-reviewed
  • 5
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    Magnetic resonance imaging pattern of bone marrow involvement as a new predictive parameter of disease progression in newly diagnosed patients with multiple myeloma eligible for autologous stem cell transplantation (2014)
    Wiley-Blackwell
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-03-16
    Description: We investigated the prognostic value of the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) pattern of bone marrow involvement in patients with multiple myeloma (MM) eligible for autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT). 126 patients with untreated MM indicated for ASCT underwent spine MRI and cytogenetic analysis at diagnosis. All patients received ASCT after induction therapy of VAD (vincristine, doxorubicin, dexamethasone; n  =   55) or a thalidomide-based regimen (TCD; n  =   71). Thalidomide maintenance therapy was performed in 68 patients. The MRI pattern was normal in 27, focal in 47, and diffuse/variegated in 52 patients. Patients with the diffuse/variegated pattern showed significantly higher stage ( P  =   0·038), higher β-2 microglobulin level ( P  =   0·001) and severe anaemia ( P  =   0·015). However, the cytogenetics were not different among the MRI patterns ( P  =   0·890). Progression-free survival (PFS) was lower in the diffuse/variegated pattern ( P  =   0·002) than other patterns, but not overall survival (OS) ( P  =   0·058). Thalidomide maintenance therapy was correlated only with PFS ( P  = 0·001). High-risk cytogenetics were associated with both poorer PFS ( P  〈   0·001) and OS ( P  =   0·003). In a multivariate analysis, the diffuse/variegated MRI pattern was an independent predictor of disease progression (Hazard Ratio, 1·922; 95% confidence interval, 1·185–3·118; P  =   0·008). The diffuse/variegated MRI pattern is a novel prognostic factor for disease progression in MM patients eligible for ASCT.
    Print ISSN: 0007-1048
    Electronic ISSN: 1365-2141
    Topics: Medicine
    Published by Wiley-Blackwell
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  • 6
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    Light-Induced Fluorescence Modulation of Quantum Dot-Crystal Violet Conjugates: Stochastic Off–On–Off Cycles for Multicolor Patterning and Super-Resolution (2017)
    American Chemical Society (ACS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-05-26
    Description: Journal of the American Chemical Society DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b02530
    Print ISSN: 0002-7863
    Electronic ISSN: 1520-5126
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Published by American Chemical Society (ACS)
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  • 7
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    Three-dimensional simulations of the lunar sodium exosphere and its tail (2011)
    Wiley-Blackwell
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-07-14
    Description: The brightness distributions of the lunar sodium exosphere reported by Flynn and Mendillo (1993) and the receding velocities of the lunar sodium tail observed by Mierkiewicz et al. (2006) are reproduced by 3-D Monte Carlo simulations. We consider the effects of two spatially different sodium sources simultaneously: dayside source with the dependency of solar zenith angle and an isotropic source due to micrometeoroid impact. In the simulations, the following effects are taken into account: (1) the gravity of the Moon, the Earth, and the Sun with the orbital motion of the Moon; (2) photoionizations, solar radiation pressure, and returns to the lunar surface; and (3) the shadows of the Earth and Moon. The sodium brightness observed by Flynn and Mendillo (1993) is successfully modeled, from which the most probable source ratio between the isotropic and dayside sources is estimated to be 70%∼80%: 30%∼20%, respectively. The best coma model provides an initial velocity of 2.0 km/s with a narrow Doppler width of 0.2 km/s and a total production rate of 0.7 × 1022/s. On the basis of the best 3-D lunar coma model, we also simulate the receding velocity distribution of lunar sodium tail, and we find satisfactory models for high receding velocity and its wide dispersion observed by Mierkiewicz et al. (2006) considering the effect of variable solar radiation pressure and appropriate ionization times.
    Print ISSN: 0148-0227
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Wiley-Blackwell on behalf of American Geophysical Union (AGU).
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  • 8
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    Stability of the Kuroshio path with respect to glacial sea level lowering (2013)
    Wiley-Blackwell
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-02-01
    Description: [1]  We investigate the changes of the Kuroshio Current in the East China Sea during the last glacial maximum, based on numerical experiments using an ocean model and geochemical analyses of marine sediments. Our numerical experimental results indicate that there was little effect of sea-level change on the path of the Kuroshio during the glacial period. Geochemical proxy records of marine sediment cores recovered from inside and outside the Okinawa Trough (OT) show no significant difference in glacial sea surface temperature and planktonic foraminiferal δ 18 O between the OT and the Ryukyu forearc. This indicates that the glacial sea surface temperature and salinity were almost the same inside and outside the OT. Hence, during the glacial period, Kuroshio water most likely intruded into the OT and flowed along the shelf break until it drained out through the Tokara Strait.
    Print ISSN: 0094-8276
    Electronic ISSN: 1944-8007
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Wiley-Blackwell on behalf of American Geophysical Union (AGU).
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  • 9
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    Stability of the Kuroshio path with respect to glacial sea level lowering (2013)
    Wiley-Blackwell
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-01-04
    Description: We investigate the changes of the Kuroshio Current in the East China Sea during the last glacial maximum, based on numerical experiments using an ocean model and geochemical analyses of marine sediments. Our numerical experimental results indicate that there was little effect of sea level change on the path of the Kuroshio during the glacial period. Geochemical proxy records of marine sediment cores recovered from inside and outside the Okinawa Trough (OT) show no significant difference in glacial sea surface temperature and planktonic foraminiferal  18 O between the OT and the Ryukyu forearc. This indicates that glacial sea surface temperature and salinity were almost the same inside and outside the OT. Hence, during the glacial Kuroshio water most likely intruded into the OT and flowed along the shelf break until it drained out through the Tokara Strait. © 2013 American Geophysical Union. All rights reserved.
    Print ISSN: 0094-8276
    Electronic ISSN: 1944-8007
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Wiley-Blackwell on behalf of American Geophysical Union (AGU).
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