Note: Cover -- Instrumentation and Metrology in Oceanography -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Table of Contents -- Preface -- Chapter 1. What We Measure and What We Process -- 1.1. The quantities we want to know -- 1.1.1. Velocity and density -- 1.1.2. Pressure and depth -- 1.1.3. Speed and movement -- 1.1.4. Time and space -- 1.2. Linking of essential quantities in oceanography -- 1.2.1. Temperature -- 1.2.2. Pressure -- 1.2.3. Conductivity and salinity -- 1.2.4. Velocity -- 1.2.5. Time -- 1.3. Calculation of density -- 1.3.1. Density and EOS-80 -- 1.3.2. Laboratory densitometers -- 1.3.3. Density and absolute salinity -- 1.4. Bibliography -- 1.4.1. Quantities that we want to know -- 1.4.2. Linking of essential quantities in oceanography -- Chapter 2. Measurement Systems in Practice -- 2.1. Determining temperature -- 2.1.1. Principal instruments -- 2.1.2. Sensor technologies -- 2.1.3. Thermal transfers -- 2.1.4. Response time of temperature sensors -- 2.1.5. Viscous heating of temperature sensors -- 2.2. Determining conductivity -- 2.2.1. Principle instruments used -- 2.2.2. Sensors' technologies -- 2.2.3. Response time of conductivity sensors -- 2.2.4. Aligning the response times of temperature and conductivity sensors and correcting thermal inertia -- 2.2.5. Biofouling and protection of instruments -- 2.3. Determining pressure -- 2.3.1. Piezoresistive pressure sensors -- 2.3.2. Piezoelectric pressure sensors -- 2.3.3. Errors in pressure sensor measurements -- 2.4. Determining velocity -- 2.4.1. Principles of measurement -- 2.4.2. Instruments used at sea -- 2.5. Determining current -- 2.5.1. Rotor current meters -- 2.5.2. Doppler effect current meters -- 2.5.3. Electromagnetic current meters -- 2.5.4. Doppler effect profilers -- 2.5.5. Directional referencing of current measurements -- 2.5.6. Calibration of Doppler effect current meters. , 2.6. Determining time or measuring frequency -- 2.6.1. The connection of clocks -- 2.6.2. Time bases of instruments -- 2.7. Determining position and movement -- 2.7.1. The Argos system -- 2.7.2. The global positioning system -- 2.8. Determining the height of water -- 2.8.1. Tide gauges -- 2.8.2. Tide gauges with pressure sensors -- 2.8.3. Keying and uniting of tide gauges -- 2.9. Determining waves and swell characteristics -- 2.9.1. Factors relating to the origins and modeling of swell -- 2.9.2. Instruments used to measure the state of the sea -- 2.10. Determining the turbidity or sea water's optical properties -- 2.10.1. Theoretical notions of the optical properties of sea water -- 2.10.2. Measurement of apparent optical properties -- 2.10.3. Transmissiometers and measurements of absorption -- 2.10.4. Nephelometers and turbidity sensors -- 2.10.5. Fluorimeters -- 2.11. Determining various physicochemical properties -- 2.11.1. Notions of the chemical parameters of sea water -- 2.11.2. In situ measurement of dissolved oxygen -- 2.11.3. In situ measurement of dissolved carbon -- 2.11.4. In situ measurement of some other components -- 2.12. Bibliography and further reading -- 2.12.1. Measuring temperature -- 2.12.2. Measuring conductivity -- 2.12.3. Measuring pressure -- 2.12.4. Measuring velocity -- 2.12.5. Measuring current -- 2.12.6. Measuring time and frequencies -- 2.12.7. Measuring distance -- 2.12.8. Measuring sea level -- 2.12.9. Measuring state of sea -- 2.12.10. Measuring turbidity and optical properties of sea water -- 2.12.11. Measuring chemical parameters -- Chapter 3. Measurements at Sea -- 3.1. Oceanographic vessels -- 3.1.1. Ways of launching instruments into the water -- 3.1.2. Ways of positioning and probing -- 3.1.3. Ways to transmit data -- 3.1.4. Ways to make oceanographic measurements by boat -- 3.2. Moorings. , 3.2.1. Constraints of mooring implementation -- 3.2.2. Generalities on the implementation of moorings -- 3.2.3. Deployment and recovery of moorings -- 3.3. Drifters -- 3.3.1. History and operating principles -- 3.3.2. The concept and evolution of the Argo program -- 3.3.3. Principles for positioning by acoustic sources -- 3.3.4. Design and ballasting of drifters -- 3.4. Instrumented buoys and underwater platforms -- 3.4.1. Instrumented buoys -- 3.4.2. Underwater platforms -- 3.5. Bibliography -- 3.5.1. Oceanographic vessels -- 3.5.2. Moorings and anchored floats -- 3.5.3. Drifting floats -- 3.5.4. Buoys and instrumented platforms -- Chapter 4. Evolutions and other Measurement Concepts -- 4.1. Other processes for measuring salinity and density -- 4.1.1. Relationship between density and refractive index -- 4.1.2. Measurement instruments of the refractive index -- 4.2. Acoustic tomography of oceans and acoustic measurements -- 4.2.1. General principles -- 4.2.2. The instrumentation used -- 4.3. The unmanned underwater vehicle: a new means for ocean exploration -- 4.3.1. Energetic autonomy -- 4.3.2. ROV and AUV displacement and positioning -- 4.3.3. Autonomy in decision-making and communication -- 4.3.4. Gliders -- 4.4. Bibliography -- 4.4.1. Other processes for measuring salinity and density -- 4.4.2. Acoustic tomography of oceans and acoustic measurements -- 4.4.3. The UUV: new means for ocean exploration -- Acronyms and Abbreviations -- Index.