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  • 1
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    Evaluating the accuracy and usefulness of commercially-available proximal soil mapping services for grassland nutrient management planning and soil health monitoring
    Springer Science and Business Media LLC ; 2023
    In:  Precision Agriculture Vol. 24, No. 3 ( 2023-06), p. 898-920
    Details
    In: Precision Agriculture, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, Vol. 24, No. 3 ( 2023-06), p. 898-920
    Kurzfassung: Grasslands play an important role in global food security. However, there are increasing pressures to improve the sustainability of ruminant farming. Precision nutrient management tools (e.g., proximal soil sensors for soil mapping) offer opportunities to improve nutrient use efficiency through spatially-variable nutrient application rate maps. Despite little research validating these technologies on grasslands, commercial companies promote these technologies to grassland farmers. In this study, the accuracy of commercial companies offering these services was evaluated by comparing soil pH, P, K, Mg and SOM measurements derived from conventional soil sampling and laboratory analyses to measurements derived from the commercial operators, across a range of soils that are typical found in UK grasslands. Results showed that soil mapping services utilising gamma-ray spectroscopy (GRS) were not sufficiently accurate to predict soil pH, P, K and Mg on grasslands, and subsequently inappropriate for nutrient management planning for variable rate lime and nutrient application. Conversely, both GRS and visible-near infrared spectroscopy (Vis–NIR) accurately predicted between-field SOM variations in grassland soils but not within-field variation. This study emphasises the need for further research to explore the limitations of, and opportunities for, the universal application of these technologies across different soil types and/or land uses before their commercial application. It is therefore highly recommended that commercially-available soil mapping services are subject to certification, similar to centralised soil testing laboratories, to ensure data are accurate for soil management interpretation. The lack of reliability of such systems risks farmers’ confidence in the value of soil mapping, which could severely hinder future adoption of potentially valuable technologies.
    Materialart: Online-Ressource
    ISSN: 1385-2256 , 1573-1618
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1007/s11119-022-09979-z
    Sprache: Englisch
    Verlag: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
    Publikationsdatum: 2023
    ZDB Id: 2016333-2
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  • 2
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    Magnesium biofortification of Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum L.) via agronomy and breeding as a potential way to reduce grass tetany in grazing ruminants
    Springer Science and Business Media LLC ; 2020
    In:  Plant and Soil Vol. 457, No. 1-2 ( 2020-12), p. 25-41
    Details
    In: Plant and Soil, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, Vol. 457, No. 1-2 ( 2020-12), p. 25-41
    Kurzfassung: Magnesium (Mg) deficiency (known as grass tetany) is a serious metabolic disorder that affects grazing ruminants. We tested whether Mg-fertiliser can increase Mg concentration of Italian ryegrasses ( Lolium multiflorum L.) including a cultivar (cv. Bb2067; ‘Magnet’), bred to accumulate larger concentrations of Mg. Methods Under controlled environment (CE) conditions, three cultivars (cv. Bb2067, cv. Bb2068, cv. RvP) were grown in low-nutrient compost at six fertiliser rates (0–1500 μM MgCl 2 .6H 2 O). Under field conditions, the three cultivars in the CE condition and cv. Alamo were grown at two sites, and four rates of MgSO 4 fertiliser application rates (0–200 kg ha −1 MgO). Multiple grass cuts were taken over two-years. Results Grass Mg concentration increased with increasing Mg-fertiliser application rates in all cultivars and conditions. Under field conditions, cv. Bb2067 had 11–73% greater grass Mg concentration and smaller forage tetany index (FTI) than other cultivars across the Mg-fertiliser application rates, sites and cuts. Grass dry matter (DM) yield of cv. Bb2067 was significantly ( p   〈  0.05) smaller than cv. Alamo. The effect of Mg-fertiliser rate on DM yield was not significant ( p  ≥ 0.05). Conclusions Biofortification of grass with Mg through breeding and agronomy can improve the forage Mg concentration for grazing ruminants, even in high-growth spring grass conditions when hypomagnesaemia is most prevalent. Response to agronomic biofortification varied with cultivar, Mg-fertiliser rate, site and weather. The cost:benefit of these approaches and farmer acceptability, and the impact on cattle and sheep grazing on grasses biofortified with Mg requires further investigation.
    Materialart: Online-Ressource
    ISSN: 0032-079X , 1573-5036
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1007/s11104-019-04337-x
    Sprache: Englisch
    Verlag: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
    Publikationsdatum: 2020
    ZDB Id: 1478535-3
    ZDB Id: 208908-7
    SSG: 12
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  • 3
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    Can selenium deficiency in Malawi be alleviated through consumption of agro-biofortified maize flour? Study protocol for a randomised, double-blind, controlled trial
    Springer Science and Business Media LLC ; 2019
    In:  Trials Vol. 20, No. 1 ( 2019-12)
    Details
    In: Trials, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, Vol. 20, No. 1 ( 2019-12)
    Kurzfassung: Micronutrient deficiencies including selenium (Se) are widespread in Malawi and potentially underlie a substantial disease burden, particularly among poorer and marginalised populations. Concentrations of Se in staple cereal crops can be increased through application of Se fertilisers – a process known as agronomic biofortification (agro-biofortification) – and this may contribute to alleviating deficiencies. The Addressing Hidden Hunger with Agronomy (AHHA) trial aims to establish the efficacy of this approach for improving Se status in rural Malawi. Methods A double-blind, randomised, controlled trial will be conducted in a rural community in Kasungu District, Central Region, Malawi. The hypothesis is that consumption of maize flour agro-biofortified with Se will increase serum Se concentration. We will recruit 180 women of reproductive age (WRA) (20–45 years) and 180 school-age children (SAC) (5–10 years) randomly assigned in a 1:1 ratio to receive either maize flour enriched through agro-biofortification with Se or a control flour not enriched with Se. Households will receive flour (330 g per capita per day) for 12 weeks. The primary outcome is Se concentration in serum (μg/L). Serum will be extracted from venous blood samples drawn at baseline (prior to flour distribution) and end-line. Selenium concentration will be measured by using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Discussion Findings will be communicated to policy stakeholders and participating communities and reported in peer-reviewed journals. Trial registration The Addressing Hidden Hunger with Agronomy (Malawi) trial is registered (5 th  March 2019; ISCRTN85899451 ).
    Materialart: Online-Ressource
    ISSN: 1745-6215
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1186/s13063-019-3894-2
    Sprache: Englisch
    Verlag: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
    Publikationsdatum: 2019
    ZDB Id: 2040523-6
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  • 4
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    Biofortification of wheat with zinc for eliminating deficiency in Pakistan: study protocol for a cluster-randomised, double-blind, controlled effectiveness study (BIZIFED2)
    BMJ ; 2020
    In:  BMJ Open Vol. 10, No. 11 ( 2020-11), p. e039231-
    Details
    In: BMJ Open, BMJ, Vol. 10, No. 11 ( 2020-11), p. e039231-
    Kurzfassung: Micronutrient deficiencies, commonly referred to as ‘hidden hunger’, affect more than two billion people worldwide, with zinc and iron-deficiency frequently reported. The aim of this study is to examine the impact of consuming zinc biofortified flour (Zincol-2016) on biochemical and functional measures of status in adolescent girls and children living in a low-resource setting in Pakistan. Methods and analysis We are conducting a pragmatic, cluster-randomised, double-blind, controlled trial. A total of 482 households have been recruited from two catchment areas approximately 30–40 km distance from Peshawar. Household inclusion criteria are the presence of both an adolescent girl, aged 10–16 years, and a child aged 1–5 years. The study duration is 12 months, divided into two 6-month phases. During phase 1, all households will be provided with locally procured flour from standard varieties of wheat. During phase 2, clusters will be paired, and randomised to either the control or intervention arm of the study. The intervention arm will be provided with zinc biofortified wheat flour, with a target zinc concentration of 40 mg/kg. The control arm will be provided with locally procured wheat flour from standard varieties with an expected zinc concentration of 20 mg/kg. The primary outcome measure is plasma zinc concentration. Secondary outcomes include anthropometric measurements, biomarkers of iron and zinc status, and the presence and duration of respiratory tract infections and diarrhoea. Ethics and dissemination Ethical approval was granted from the University of Central Lancashire STEMH Ethics Committee (reference number: STEMH 1014) and Khyber Medical University Ethics Committee (DIR/KMU-EB/BZ/000683). The final study methods will be published in peer-reviewed journals, alongside the study outcomes. In addition, findings will be disseminated to the scientific community via conference presentations and abstracts and communicated to the study participants through the village elders at an appropriate community forum. Trial registration number ISRCTN17107812 ; Pre-results.
    Materialart: Online-Ressource
    ISSN: 2044-6055 , 2044-6055
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2020-039231
    Sprache: Englisch
    Verlag: BMJ
    Publikationsdatum: 2020
    ZDB Id: 2599832-8
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  • 5
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    Stakeholder interpretation of probabilistic representations of uncertainty in spatial information: an example on the nutritional quality of staple crops
    Informa UK Limited ; 2022
    In:  International Journal of Geographical Information Science Vol. 36, No. 12 ( 2022-12-02), p. 2446-2472
    Details
    In: International Journal of Geographical Information Science, Informa UK Limited, Vol. 36, No. 12 ( 2022-12-02), p. 2446-2472
    Materialart: Online-Ressource
    ISSN: 1365-8816 , 1362-3087
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1080/13658816.2021.2020278
    Sprache: Englisch
    Verlag: Informa UK Limited
    Publikationsdatum: 2022
    ZDB Id: 58915-9
    ZDB Id: 1491393-8
    SSG: 14
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  • 6
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    Micronutrients and socio-demographic factors were major predictors of anaemia among the Ethiopian population
    Cambridge University Press (CUP) ; 2023
    In:  British Journal of Nutrition
    Details
    In: British Journal of Nutrition, Cambridge University Press (CUP)
    Kurzfassung: Anaemia is characterised by low hemoglobin (Hb) concentration. Despite being a public health concern in Ethiopia, the role of micronutrients and non-nutritional factors as a determinant of Hb concentrations has been inadequately explored. This study focused on the assessment of serum micronutrient and Hb concentrations and a range of non-nutritional factors, to evaluate their associations with the risk of anaemia among the Ethiopian population ( n 2046). It also explored the mediation effect of Zn on the relation between s e and Hb. Bivariate and multivariate regression analyses were performed to identify the relationship between serum micronutrients concentration, inflammation biomarkers, nutritional status, presence of parasitic infection and socio-demographic factors with Hb concentration ( n 2046). Sobel–Goodman test was applied to investigate the mediation of Zn on relations between serum s e and Hb. In total, 18·6 % of participants were anaemic, 5·8 % had iron deficiency (ID), 2·6 % had ID anaemia and 0·6 % had tissue ID. Younger age, household head illiteracy and low serum concentrations of ferritin, Co, Cu and folate were associated with anaemia. Serum s e had an indirect effect that was mediated by Zn, with a significant effect of s e on Zn ( P 〈 0·001) and Zn on Hb ( P 〈 0·001). The findings of this study suggest the need for designing a multi-sectorial intervention to address anaemia based on demographic group.
    Materialart: Online-Ressource
    ISSN: 0007-1145 , 1475-2662
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1017/S0007114523001472
    Sprache: Englisch
    Verlag: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
    Publikationsdatum: 2023
    ZDB Id: 2016047-1
    SSG: 12
    SSG: 21
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  • 7
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    Estimates of Dietary Mineral Micronutrient Supply from Staple Cereals in Ethiopia at a District Level
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Nutrients Vol. 14, No. 17 ( 2022-08-24), p. 3469-
    Details
    In: Nutrients, MDPI AG, Vol. 14, No. 17 ( 2022-08-24), p. 3469-
    Kurzfassung: Recent surveys have revealed substantial spatial variation in the micronutrient composition of cereals in Ethiopia, where a single national micronutrient concentration values for cereal grains are of limited use for estimating typical micronutrient intakes. We estimated the district-level dietary mineral supply of staple cereals, combining district-level cereal production and crop mineral composition data, assuming cereal consumption of 300 g capita−1 day−1 proportional to district-level production quantity of each cereal. We considered Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.), maize (Zea mays L.), sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench), teff (Eragrostis tef (Zuccagni) Trotter), and wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) consumption representing 93.5% of the total cereal production in the three major agrarian regions. On average, grain cereals can supply 146, 23, and 7.1 mg capita−1 day−1 of Ca, Fe, and Zn, respectively. In addition, the Se supply was 25 µg capita−1 day−1. Even at district-level, cereals differ by their mineral composition, causing a wide range of variation in their contribution to the daily dietary requirements, i.e., for an adult woman: 1–48% of Ca, 34–724% of Fe, 17–191% of Se, and 48–95% of Zn. There was considerable variability in the dietary supply of Ca, Fe, Se, and Zn from staple cereals between districts in Ethiopia.
    Materialart: Online-Ressource
    ISSN: 2072-6643
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/nu14173469
    Sprache: Englisch
    Verlag: MDPI AG
    Publikationsdatum: 2022
    ZDB Id: 2518386-2
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  • 8
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    Increasing zinc concentration in maize grown under contrasting soil types in Malawi through agronomic biofortification: Trial protocol for a field experiment to detect small effect sizes
    Wiley ; 2020
    In:  Plant Direct Vol. 4, No. 10 ( 2020-10)
    Details
    In: Plant Direct, Wiley, Vol. 4, No. 10 ( 2020-10)
    Kurzfassung: The prevalence of micronutrient deficiencies including zinc (Zn) is widespread in Malawi, especially among poor and marginalized rural populations. This is due to low concentrations of Zn in most staple cereal crops and limited consumption of animal source foods. The Zn concentration of cereal grain can be increased through application of Zn‐enriched fertilizers; a process termed agronomic biofortification or agro‐fortification. This trial protocol describes a field experiment which aims to assess the potential of agronomic biofortification to improve the grain Zn concentration of maize, the predominant staple crop of Malawi. The hypotheses of the study are that application of Zn‐enriched fertilizers will create a relatively small increase in the concentration of Zn in maize grains that will be sufficient to benefit dietary supplies of Zn, and that the effectiveness of agronomic biofortification will differ between soil types. The study will be conducted at three sites, Chitedze, Chitala, and Ngabu Agricultural Research Stations, in Lilongwe, Salima, and Chikwawa Districts respectively. These three sites represent locations in the Central and Southern Regions of Malawi. At each site, two different sub‐sites will be used, each corresponding to one of two agriculturally important soil types of Malawi, Lixisols, and Vertisols. Within each sub‐site, three Zn fertilizer rates (1, 30, and 90 kg/ha) will be applied to experimental plots using standard soil application methods, in a randomized complete block design. The number of replicates at plot level has been informed by a power analysis from pilot study data, assuming that a minimum 10% increase in Zn concentration of grain at 90 kg/ha relative to the concentration at 1 kg/ha is of interest. Grain mass (yield), stover mass, and both stover and grain Zn concentrations will be measured at harvest. A second year of cropping will be used to establish whether there are any residual benefits to grain Zn concentration. The potential for Zn agronomic biofortification will be communicated to relevant academic and government stakeholders through a peer review journal article and a briefing paper.
    Materialart: Online-Ressource
    ISSN: 2475-4455 , 2475-4455
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1002/pld3.v4.10
    DOI: 10.1002/pld3.277
    Sprache: Englisch
    Verlag: Wiley
    Publikationsdatum: 2020
    ZDB Id: 2912669-1
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  • 9
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    Agronomic biofortification increases grain zinc concentration of maize grown under contrasting soil types in Malawi
    Wiley ; 2022
    In:  Plant Direct Vol. 6, No. 11 ( 2022-11)
    Details
    In: Plant Direct, Wiley, Vol. 6, No. 11 ( 2022-11)
    Kurzfassung: Zinc (Zn) deficiency remains a public health problem in Malawi, especially among poor and marginalized rural populations, linked with low dietary intake of Zn due to consumption of staple foods that are low in Zn content. The concentration of Zn in staple cereal grain can be increased through application of Zn‐enriched fertilizers, a process called agronomic biofortification or agro‐fortification. Field experiments were conducted at three Agricultural Research Station sites to assess the potential of agronomic biofortification to improve Zn concentration in maize grain in Malawi as described in registered report published previously. The hypotheses of the study were (i) that application of Zn‐enriched fertilizers would increase in the concentration of Zn in maize grain to benefit dietary requirements of Zn and (ii) that Zn concentration in maize grain and the effectiveness of agronomic biofortification would be different between soil types. At each site two different subsites were used, each corresponding to one of two agriculturally important soil types of Malawi, Lixisols and Vertisols. Within each subsite, three Zn fertilizer rates (1, 30, and 90 kg ha −1 ) were applied to experimental plots, using standard soil application methods, in a randomized complete block design. The experiment had 10 replicates at each of the three sites as informed by a power analysis from a pilot study, published in the registered report for this experiment, designed to detect a 10% increase in grain Zn concentration at 90 kg ha −1 , relative to the concentration at 1 kg ha −1 . At harvest, maize grain yield and Zn concentration in grain were measured, and Zn uptake by maize grain and Zn harvest index were calculated. At 30 kg ha −1 , Zn fertilizer increased maize grain yields by 11% compared with nationally recommended application rate of 1 kg ha −1 . Grain Zn concentration increased by 15% and uptake by 23% at the application rate of 30 kg ha −1 relative to the national recommendation rate. The effects of Zn fertilizer application rate on the response variables were not dependent on soil type. The current study demonstrates the importance of increasing the national recommendation rate of Zn fertilizer to improve maize yield and increase the Zn nutritional value of the staple crop.
    Materialart: Online-Ressource
    ISSN: 2475-4455 , 2475-4455
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1002/pld3.v6.11
    DOI: 10.1002/pld3.458
    Sprache: Englisch
    Verlag: Wiley
    Publikationsdatum: 2022
    ZDB Id: 2912669-1
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  • 10
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    Assessing urinary flow rate, creatinine, osmolality and other hydration adjustment methods for urinary biomonitoring using NHANES arsenic, iodine, lead and cadmium data
    Springer Science and Business Media LLC ; 2016
    In:  Environmental Health Vol. 15, No. 1 ( 2016-12)
    Details
    In: Environmental Health, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, Vol. 15, No. 1 ( 2016-12)
    Materialart: Online-Ressource
    ISSN: 1476-069X
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1186/s12940-016-0152-x
    Sprache: Englisch
    Verlag: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
    Publikationsdatum: 2016
    ZDB Id: 2092232-2
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