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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chemical structure and biological activities of lipid A's from various bacterial families (1978)
    Springer
    Naturwissenschaften 65 (1978), S. 578-585 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1904
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Natural Sciences in General
    Notes: Abstract The endotoxic principle of lipopolysaccharides (LPS) is localized in their lipid A component. Biological effects of LPS on, for instance, body temperature, blood pressure, and blood picture, are also induced by free lipid A. In contrast to the great variability of the 0-specific chains, the chemical structure of lipid A is much more constant. It is common for Salmonella and similar for other genera of the Enterobacteriaceae. Recently, a number of lipid A's have been recognized that exhibited distinct structural features compared with Enterobacteriaceae. These lipid A's were found to be also distinct with regard to some of their biological properties.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00364907
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Zuckerbaustein-Analyse der endotoxischen Lipopolysaccharide aus gramnegativen Bakterien und ihren isolierten Zellwänden (1959)
    Springer
    Naturwissenschaften 46 (1959), S. 428-428 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1904
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00599314
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Structural analyses of lipid A from lipopolysaccharides of nodulating and non-nodulating Rhizobium trifolii (1985)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 141 (1985), S. 284-289 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Rhizobium trifolii ; Lipopolysaccharide ; Lipid A-structure ; “Nod” plasmids ; 3-Hydroxy fatty acids
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Structural studies have been performed on lipid A preparations derived from lipopolysaccharides of nodulating (nod+) Rhizobium trifolii wild type strains and non-nodulating (nod-) mutants deprived of the medium size “Nod” plasmid. All preparations contain a lipid A backbone composed of a β1,6-linked d-glucosamine disaccharide (GlcN II-β1,6-GlcN I) which is bis-phosphorylated at positions 1 and 4′. The phosphate group at position 4′ (GlcN II) is nonstoichiometrically substituted probably by a neutral glycosyl residue. Another substituent (probably also a neutral sugar) substitutes partly position 4 (GlcN I) of the disaccharide. The hydroxyl groups at positions 3 and 3′ are likely to be esterified by fatty acyl residue. In lipid A of nod+ strains, 3-hydroxyhexa- and octadecanoic acid are linked to the amino group of GlcN I, and 3-hydroxyhexa- and tetradecanoic acid to the amino group of GlcN II. In lipid A of nod- strains, mainly 3-hydroxyhexadecanoic acid is linked to the amino group of GlcN I, and 3-hydroxytetra- and hexadecanoic acid to that of GlcN II. The results show that rhizobial lipid A expresses many similarities to the lipid A of Enterobacteria. The structure shows, however, also peculiarities, especially regarding substituents of the lipid A backbone.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00428838
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Die biologische Bedeutung der chemischen Feinstruktur bakterieller Zellgrenzflächen (1963)
    Springer
    Naturwissenschaften 50 (1963), S. 413-426 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1904
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00601583
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Lipid A, the lipid component of bacterial lipopolysaccharides: Relation of chemical structure to biological activity (1982)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 60 (1982), S. 705-709 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Lipid A ; Lipopolysaccharides ; Chemical structure ; Biological activity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Lipopolysaccharides are integral components of the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria and they participate in various membrane functions essential for bacterial growth and survival. Lipopolysaccharides also represent the endotoxins of Gram-negative bacteria and possibly play a role for the pathogenesis and manifestations of bacterial infections. These biological activities are mediated mainly by the lipid component of lipopolysaccharides, termed lipid A. Chemically, lipid A consists of a β1,6-linkedD-glucosamine disaccharide which carries substituted phosphoryl groups and a range ofD-3-hydroxy andD-3-acyloxyacyl residues, the latter being arranged in a hexagonal dense packing. A number of experimental data allow the conclusion that the highly ordered and compact lipid A structure confers stability to the outer membrane, renders it less permeable to lipophilic molecules and by providing a proper fluidity stabilizes the conformation of biologically active membrane proteins. For endotoxic activities of lipid A the polar substituents of phosphate residues are dispensable. The presence ofD-3-hydroxy (or acyloxy) acyl-groups, linked to the glucosamine disaccharide, however, seems to be of importance. Analyses of now available synthetic lipid A analogues are expected to allow a more precise characterization of substructures and conformations required for the expression of physiological functions and endotoxic activities of lipid A.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01716559
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Über die Ultraviolettabsorption α-β-ungesättigter Ketone und ihrer Semicarbazone (1948)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 81 (1948), S. 242-247 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Es wurde festgestellt, daß die manchmal aufgefundenen Ausnahmen von der sonst allgemein gültigen Gesetzmäßigkeit, wonach beim Übergang einer α, β-ungesättigten Carbonylverbindung in deren Semicarbazon eine Absorptionsverschiebung von etwa 25-35 mμ zum Langwelligen eintritt, darauf zurückzuführen sind, daß in diesen Fällen nicht die normalen Semicarbazone sondern Pyrazolin-Derivate entstehen. Die Abhängigkeit der Pyrazolinbildung vom Bau des Moleküls wurde bei einigen ungesättigten Ketonen der Cyclohexanreihe untersucht.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19480810311
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Über das Acetonylen-bis-pyridiniumbromid (II). Mitteil. über Bis-pyridinium-SalzeI. Mitteil.: Vergl. die vorstehende Arbeit. (1950)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 83 (1950), S. 60-66 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Es werden Darstellung und Umsetzungen des Acetonylen-bispyridiniumbromids beschrieben, besonders die Überführung in Mesoxalsäure-Derivate über das Dicyan-dianil. Die Arbeit bringt ferner Bemerkungen über die Dibromierung des Acetons.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19500830111
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Neuere Ergebnisse zur Biochemie der Zellwand-Lipopolysaccharide von Salmonella-BakterienNach einem Vortrag an der Michigan State University, East Lansing, USA, am 23. Oktober 1968 (F. I. Huddleson Memorial Lecture); vgl. O. Lüderitz, Max Planck-Ges. 1969, 93. (1970)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für die chemische Industrie 82 (1970), S. 708-722 
    Details
    ISSN: 0044-8249
    Keywords: Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Lipopolysaccharide, in der Zellwand gram-negativer Bakterien lokalisiert, zeichnen sich durch ihre vielfältigen biologischen Aktivitäten aus. Sie stellen die O-Antigene der Bakterien dar, sie sind hochwirksame Endotoxine, und sie fungieren als Rezeptoren für Bakteriophagen. Die Erforschung der Wirkungsweise der Lipopolysaccharide und die Suche nach begrenzten Strukturen, die in den Makromolekülen für die biologische Aktivität verantwortlich sind, konnte begonnen werden, nachdem wesentliche Prinzipien des chemischen Aufbaus der Lipopolysaccharide erkannt waren. Dieser Aufsatz faßt neue Ergebnisse über die Lipopolysaccharidstruktur und den Biosyntheseweg sowie seine genetische Steuerung zusammenAnmerkung bei der Korrektur: Die Frage, ob Mannose in den Lipopolysacchariden der Gruppen B und E α- oder β-glykosidisch gebunden ist, war bislang nicht klar [56]. Kürzlich haben jedoch B. Lindberg (Stockholm) und F. Egami (Tokyo) und ihre Mitarbeiter unabhängig bewiesen, daß in der Gruppe B Mannose α- und in der Gruppe E β-glykosidisch gebunden ist. Aus technischen Gründen konnten die Tabelle 3 und die Abbildungen 6 und 9 nicht mehr geändert werden. Nur Abbildung 16 enthält Mannose in der korrekten α-Bindung.
    Additional Material: 16 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ange.19700821802
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Recent Results on the Biochemistry of the Cell Wall Lipopolysaccharides of Salmonella BacteriaTaken from the F. I. Huddleson Memorial Lecture given at the Michigan State University, East Lansing, Oct. 23, 1968; see O. Lüderitz, Jahrb. Max-Planck-Ges. 1969, 93. (1970)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Chemie International Edition in English 9 (1970), S. 649-663 
    Details
    ISSN: 0570-0833
    Keywords: Lipopolysaccharides ; Lipopolysaccharides ; Polysaccharides ; Bacteria ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Lipopolysaccharides, which are located in the cell wall of gram-negative bacteria, are characterized by their biological versatility. They represent the O antigens of the bacteria, they are potent endotoxins, and they often function as the receptor sites for bacteriophages. The study of the mode of action of lipopolysaccharides and the search for structures in the macromolecules that are responsible for biological activity became promising when principles of the chemical fine structure of lipopolysaccharides were identified. The following review summarizes the results of recent investigations regarding the structure of lipopolysaccharides, their biosynthesis and its genetic determination.
    Additional Material: 16 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/anie.197006491
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Glykoside der Abequose, Colitose und Tyvelose (1966)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Liebigs Annalen 696 (1966), S. 180-193 
    Details
    ISSN: 0075-4617
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abequose, Colitose und Tyvelose wurden acetyliert, mit p-Nitrophenol umgesetzt und die acetylierten Glykoside anschließend desacetyliert. Die erhaltenen Gemische von p-Nitrophenyl-glykosiden wurden durch Kieselsäure-Chromatographie aufgetrennt. α- und β-Glykoside von Abequose und Colitose wurden erhalten, sowie zwei α-Glykoside von Tyvelose. Aus den p-Nitrophenyl-glykosiden wurden durch Hydrierung die p-Aminophenyl-glykoside gewonnen. - Partielle 6-Tosylierung der entsprechenden 3-Desoxy-methyl-hexoside und anschließende Reduktion mit Lithiumaluminiumhydrid lieferte α- und β-Methylabequosid 〈1.5〉 und -tyvelosid 〈1.5〉. - Zur Darstellung von 3-Desoxy-β-methyl-D-arabino-hexosid 〈1.5〉 wurde 4.6-O-Benzyliden-β-methyl-D-glucosid 〈1.5〉 partiell tosyliert und nach chromatographischer Auftrennung des entstandenen Gemisches von 2- und 3-Tosylat ersteres mit Natriummethylat zum 2.3-Anhydro-mannosid umgesetzt. Anschließend wurde mit Lithium-aluminiumhydrid reduziert und debenzalisiert.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jlac.19666960119
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