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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The Familial Risk of Autism
    American Medical Association (AMA) ; 2014
    In:  JAMA Vol. 311, No. 17 ( 2014-05-07), p. 1770-
    Details
    In: JAMA, American Medical Association (AMA), Vol. 311, No. 17 ( 2014-05-07), p. 1770-
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0098-7484
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1001/jama.2014.4144
    RVK:
    XA 10000
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Medical Association (AMA)
    Publication Date: 2014
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2958-0
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2018410-4
    SSG: 5,21
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Codevelopment of ADHD and externalizing behavior from childhood to adulthood
    Wiley ; 2015
    In:  Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry Vol. 56, No. 6 ( 2015-06), p. 640-647
    Details
    In: Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, Wiley, Vol. 56, No. 6 ( 2015-06), p. 640-647
    Abstract: Attention‐Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder ( ADHD ) frequently co‐occurs with externalizing disorders, but a clear understanding of the etiologic underpinnings is hampered by the limited understanding of the codevelopment of the traits from childhood into early adulthood. Methods Using a birth cohort of 2600 twins, the Swedish Twin study of Child and Adolescent Development study, assessed at ages 8–9, 13–14, 16–17, and 19–20, we investigated the codevelopment of ADHD and externalizing behavior from childhood to adulthood. The analyses examined ADHD ‐like and externalizing traits, as rated by twins and their parents using the Attention Problems scale and Externalizing scale of the Child Behavior Checklist, and estimated cross‐lagged effects (one trait at one time‐point predicting the other at the next). The covariation between the traits were decomposed into stable (effects carried over from the prior time‐points) and innovative (new effects for each time‐point) sources; each source was further decomposed into additive genetics, shared and nonshared environment. Results The analysis suggested that externalizing traits in middle childhood (age 8–9) predicted ADHD ‐like traits in early adolescence (age 13–14), whereas the reverse association was nonsignificant. In contrast, ADHD ‐like traits in lateadolescence (age 16–17) predicted externalizing traits in early adulthood (age 19–20). The correlation between ADHD ‐like and externalizing traits increased over time. At all time‐points, innovative sources contributed substantially to maintained comorbidity. Genetic effects explained 67% of the covariation at each time‐point; importantly, nearly 50% of these effects were innovative. Conclusions This study challenges the belief that ADHD generally precedes externalizing behaviors; rather, change in the etiologic factors across the development is the rule. The effects were due to both new genetic and environmental factors emerging up to young adulthood. Clinicians and researchers needs to consider complex etiologic and developmental models for the comorbidity between ADHD and externalizing behaviors.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0021-9630 , 1469-7610
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1111/jcpp.2015.56.issue-6
    DOI: 10.1111/jcpp.12340
    RVK:
    XA 10000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2015
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1470297-6
    SSG: 5,2
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Familial risk and heritability of intellectual disability: a population‐based cohort study in Sweden
    Wiley ; 2022
    In:  Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry Vol. 63, No. 9 ( 2022-09), p. 1092-1102
    Details
    In: Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, Wiley, Vol. 63, No. 9 ( 2022-09), p. 1092-1102
    Abstract: Intellectual disability (ID) aggregates in families, but factors affecting individual risk and heritability estimates remain unknown. Methods A population‐based family cohort study of 4,165,785 individuals born 1973–2013 in Sweden, including 37,787 ID individuals and their relatives. The relative risks (RR) of ID with 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were obtained from stratified Cox proportional‐hazards models. Relatives of ID individuals were compared to relatives of unaffected individuals. Structural equation modeling was used to estimate heritability. Results Relatives of ID individuals were at increased risk of ID compared to individuals with unaffected relatives. The RR of ID among relatives increased proportionally to the degree of genetic relatedness with ID probands; 256.70(95% CI 161.30–408.53) for monozygotic twins, 16.47(13.32–20.38) for parents, 14.88(12.19–18.16) for children, 7.04(4.67–10.61) for dizygotic twins, 8.38(7.97–8.83) for full siblings, 4.56(4.02–5.16) for maternal, 2.90(2.49–3.37) for paternal half‐siblings, 3.03(2.61–3.50) for nephews/nieces, 2.84(2.45–3.29) for uncles/aunts, and 2.04(1.91–2.20) for cousins. Lower RRs were observed for siblings of probands with chromosomal abnormalities (RR 5.53, 4.74–6.46) and more severe ID (mild RR 9.15, 8.55–9.78, moderate RR 8.13, 7.28–9.08, severe RR 6.80, 5.74–8.07, and profound RR 5.88, 4.52–7.65). Male sex of relative and maternal line of relationship with proband was related to higher risk (RR 1.33, 1.25–1.41 for brothers vs. sisters and RR 1.49, 1.34–1.68 for maternal vs. paternal half‐siblings). ID was substantially heritable with 0.95(95% CI 0.93–0.98) of the variance in liability attributed to genetic influences. Conclusions The risk estimates will benefit researchers, clinicians, families in understanding the risk of ID in the family and the whole population. The higher risk of ID related to male sex and maternal linage will be of value for planning and interpreting etiological studies in ID.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0021-9630 , 1469-7610
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1111/jcpp.v63.9
    DOI: 10.1111/jcpp.13560
    RVK:
    XA 10000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1470297-6
    SSG: 5,2
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Use of medication for attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder and risk of unintentional injuries in children and adolescents with co‐occurring neurodevelopmental disorders
    Wiley ; 2020
    In:  Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry Vol. 61, No. 2 ( 2020-02), p. 140-147
    Details
    In: Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, Wiley, Vol. 61, No. 2 ( 2020-02), p. 140-147
    Abstract: Attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder ( ADHD ) is often associated with other neurodevelopmental disorders ( ND s) and with risky behaviors and adverse health outcomes, including injuries. Treatment with ADHD medication has been associated with reduced risk of injuries. However, it is unknown whether the association is present in individuals with co‐occurring ND s. The aim of the present study was to estimate the association between ADHD medication use and unintentional injuries in Sweden in children and adolescents with ADHD , including those with co‐occurring ND s. Methods Using a linkage of several national registers via the unique personal identification number, we identified individuals with a diagnosis of ADHD and of other ND s, including autism spectrum disorder, intellectual disability, communication disorders, learning disorders and motor disorders. The primary outcome was unintentional injuries. Secondary outcome was traumatic brain injury ( TBI ). Individuals were followed from January 1st 2006 or their 5th birthday or the date of the first unintentional injury, whichever came last, to December 31st 2013 or their 18th birthday or death, whichever came first. We compared the rate of injuries during periods on‐treatment with the rate of injuries during periods off‐treatment within the same individual using stratified Cox regression to calculate hazard ratio ( HR ) with 95% confidence intervals ( CI s). Results For children and adolescents with ADHD ( N  = 9,421) the rate of any unintentional injuries ( HR  = 0.85; 95% CI  = 0.78–0.92) and TBI s ( HR  = 0.27; 95% CI s = 0.20–0.38) during medicated periods was lower than during non‐medicated periods. Similar results were found among individuals with co‐occurring ND s ( N  = 2,986), for unintentional injuries ( HR  = 0.88; 95% CI  = 0.77–1.01) and for TBI s ( HR  = 0.27; 95% CI  = 0.16–0.44). Conclusions Beneficial effects of ADHD medication may extend beyond reduction of ADHD core symptoms to prevention of unintentional injuries in children and adolescents, including individuals with co‐occurring ND s.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0021-9630 , 1469-7610
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1111/jcpp.v61.2
    DOI: 10.1111/jcpp.13136
    RVK:
    XA 10000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1470297-6
    SSG: 5,2
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Familial and genetic associations between autism spectrum disorder and other neurodevelopmental and psychiatric disorders
    Wiley ; 2021
    In:  Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry Vol. 62, No. 11 ( 2021-11), p. 1274-1284
    Details
    In: Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, Wiley, Vol. 62, No. 11 ( 2021-11), p. 1274-1284
    Abstract: Familial and genetic associations between autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and other neurodevelopmental and psychiatric disorders have been reported, sometimes with conflicting results. We estimated familial and genetic associations between ASD and nine disorder groups, and explored differences in these associations for ASD in the context of intellectual disability, epilepsy, chromosomal abnormalities, and congenital malformations. Methods Individuals born between 1985 and 2009 living in Sweden on their seventh birthday were linked to their biological parents in order to identify different types of relatives. We retrieved information on all the disorders considered from the National Patient Register. Logistic regression was used to estimate the familial association between ASD and other neurodevelopmental and psychiatric disorders in the different groups of relatives. Structural equation modeling was used to estimate phenotypic ( r p ) and genetic associations ( r g ), as well as the contribution of genetic influences to r p . Results The study included 2,398,608 individuals. Among relatives of individuals diagnosed with ASD, there was an increased risk of the disorders considered, compared to relatives of individuals who were not diagnosed with ASD. Stronger associations were detected for ASD without any additional diagnosis of intellectual disability, epilepsy, chromosomal abnormalities, and congenital malformations. The strongest genetic correlation was estimated between ASD and other neurodevelopmental disorders ( r g  = 0.73; 95% CI = 0.66–0.79). Moderate genetic correlations were estimated for anxiety disorders ( r g  = 0.47; 95% CI = 0.33–0.61), depression ( r g  = 0.52; 95% CI = 0.37–0.66), and intentional self‐harm ( r g  = 0.54; 95% CI = 0.36–0.71). Conclusions ASD shows familial and genetic association not only with other neurodevelopmental disorders, but also with other psychiatric disorders, such as anxiety, depression, and intentional self‐harm. Family history of ASD comorbid with intellectual disability, epilepsy, congenital malformations, or chromosomal abnormalities is less related to other psychiatric disorders, potentially suggesting a different etiology for this subgroup of patients.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0021-9630 , 1469-7610
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1111/jcpp.v62.11
    DOI: 10.1111/jcpp.13508
    RVK:
    XA 10000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1470297-6
    SSG: 5,2
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dominant Genetic Variation and Missing Heritability for Human Complex Traits: Insights from Twin versus Genome-wide Common SNP Models
    Elsevier BV ; 2015
    In:  The American Journal of Human Genetics Vol. 97, No. 5 ( 2015-11), p. 708-714
    Details
    In: The American Journal of Human Genetics, Elsevier BV, Vol. 97, No. 5 ( 2015-11), p. 708-714
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0002-9297
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2015.10.004
    RVK:
    XA 10000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Elsevier BV
    Publication Date: 2015
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1473813-2
    SSG: 12
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Melatonin use and the risk of self‐harm and unintentional injuries in youths with and without psychiatric disorders
    Wiley ; 2023
    In:  Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry Vol. 64, No. 7 ( 2023-07), p. 1027-1036
    Details
    In: Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, Wiley, Vol. 64, No. 7 ( 2023-07), p. 1027-1036
    Abstract: Sleep disorders in youth have been associated with increased risks of injury, including suicidal behavior. This study investigated whether melatonin, which is the most common medication for sleep disturbances in youth in Sweden, is associated with a decreased risk of injury. Methods This population‐based cohort study included 25,575 youths who initiated melatonin treatment between ages 6 and 18. Poisson regression was used to estimate rate of injuries in the year prior to and following melatonin treatment initiation. A within‐individual design was used to estimate relative risks by comparing injury risk in the last unmedicated month with injury risks in the 12 months after medication initiation. Analyses were stratified by sex, injury type, psychiatric comorbidities and age at melatonin‐treatment initiation. Results While body injuries, falls and transport accident rates were comparable in the year before and after melatonin‐treatment initiation, the risk of self‐harm was highest in the months immediately prior to medication, and decreased thereafter. This was particularly prominent among adolescents with depression and/or anxiety, with females displaying greater absolute risks than males. Compared to the last unmedicated month, the 12 months post medication initiation had decreased relative risks for self‐harm, with an IRR [95% CI] in the month following melatonin‐treatment initiation of 0.46 [0.27–0.76] among adolescent females with psychiatric disorders, after excluding antidepressant users. Conclusions Decreased risk of intentional self‐harm was observed following melatonin‐treatment initiation among females with depression and anxiety, suggesting that sleep interventions could be considered in an effort to reduce risk of self‐harm in this population.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0021-9630 , 1469-7610
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1111/jcpp.v64.7
    DOI: 10.1111/jcpp.13785
    RVK:
    XA 10000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1470297-6
    SSG: 5,2
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  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Childhood body mass index and development of eating disorder traits across adolescence
    Wiley ; 2018
    In:  European Eating Disorders Review Vol. 26, No. 5 ( 2018-09), p. 462-471
    Details
    In: European Eating Disorders Review, Wiley, Vol. 26, No. 5 ( 2018-09), p. 462-471
    Abstract: Understanding the role of premorbid body mass index (BMI) in the emergence of eating disorders may be key to identifying effective prevention strategies. We explore relations between BMI and eating disorders traits in young twins. Method The effect of BMI at age 9/12 and 15 on eating disorder traits measured using the Eating Disorders Inventory‐2 (EDI) at ages 15 and 18 was examined using bivariate modelling in a longitudinal population sample of Swedish twins. Results The correlation between BMI and EDI within individuals was stable across all ages and remained significant after adjusting for later BMI. Bivariate analysis indicated significant positive genetic correlations between BMI ages 9/12 and 15 and subsequent EDI scores. The relationship remained significant for BMI age 9/12 and EDI age 15 in the adjusted model, indicating a longitudinal association. Conclusion Our results have implications for conceptualizing the interrelation of BMI and eating disorders across childhood and adolescence.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1072-4133 , 1099-0968
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1002/erv.v26.5
    DOI: 10.1002/erv.2612
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2018
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2135416-9
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  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Early‐Life and Family Risk Factors for Tic Disorder Persistence into Adulthood
    Wiley ; 2023
    In:  Movement Disorders Vol. 38, No. 8 ( 2023-08), p. 1419-1427
    Details
    In: Movement Disorders, Wiley, Vol. 38, No. 8 ( 2023-08), p. 1419-1427
    Abstract: Many children with tic disorders outgrow their tics, but little is known about the proportion of individuals who will continue to require specialist services in adulthood and which variables are associated with tic persistence. Objectives The aims were to estimate the proportion of individuals first diagnosed with tic disorders in childhood who continued to receive tic disorder diagnoses after age 18 years and to identify risk factors for persistence. Methods In this Swedish nationwide cohort study including 3761 individuals diagnosed with tic disorders in childhood, we calculated the proportion of individuals whose diagnoses persisted into adulthood. Minimally adjusted logistic regression models examined the associations between sociodemographic, clinical, and family variables and tic disorder persistence. A multivariable model was then fitted, including only variables that were statistically significant in the minimally adjusted models. Results Seven hundred and fifty‐four (20%) children with tic disorders received a diagnosis of a chronic tic disorder in adulthood. Psychiatric comorbidity in childhood (particularly attention‐deficit hyperactivity disorder, obsessive‐compulsive disorder, pervasive developmental disorders, and anxiety disorders) and psychiatric disorders in first‐degree relatives (particularly tic and anxiety disorders) were the strongest risk factors for persistence. We did not observe statistically significant associations with socioeconomic variables, perinatal complications, comorbid autoimmune diseases, or family history of autoimmune diseases. All statistically significant variables combined explained approximately 10% of the variance in tic disorder persistence ( P   〈  0.0001). Conclusions Childhood psychiatric comorbidities and family history of psychiatric disorders were the strongest risk factors associated with tic disorder persistence into adulthood. © 2023 The Authors. Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0885-3185 , 1531-8257
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1002/mds.v38.8
    DOI: 10.1002/mds.29454
    RVK:
    XA 10000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2041249-6
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  • 10
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Parental criminality and children's educational attainment: A population-based extended family study
    Elsevier BV ; 2022
    In:  Journal of Criminal Justice Vol. 81 ( 2022-07), p. 101920-
    Details
    In: Journal of Criminal Justice, Elsevier BV, Vol. 81 ( 2022-07), p. 101920-
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0047-2352
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2022.101920
    RVK:
    PH 178
    Language: English
    Publisher: Elsevier BV
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2013351-0
    SSG: 2
    SSG: 2,1
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