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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Why do sulfate-reducing bacteria outcompete methanogenic bacteria for substrates? (1983)
    Springer
    Oecologia 60 (1983), S. 264-266 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1939
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The apparent Ks values for H2 of several phylogenetically distant strains of both methanogenic bacteria and sulfate-reducing bacteria were measured. The sulfate reducers had Ks values of about 2 μM whereas the Ks values of the methanogens were 6–20 μM. This indicates that probably all sulfate-reducing bacteria have a higher substrate affinity for H2 than the methanogenic bacteria. Difference in substrate affinity can thus account for the inhibition of methanogenesis from H2 and CO2 in sulfate-rich ecosystems (mainly saltwater marshes), where the H2 concentration is well below 5 μM. Possible explanations for this general phenomenon are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00379530
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hydrothermal vent communities at the shallow subpolar Mid-Atlantic ridge (1989)
    Springer
    Marine biology 102 (1989), S. 425-429 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract A new type of animal community has been found near hot vents in the subpolar Atlantic at 100 to 106 m depth off Kolbeinsey on the Jan-Mayen ridge. Incubation of high temperature fluids yielded cultures of undescribed hyperthermophilic eu- and archaebacteria, growing in a temperature range between 70° and 110°C depending on the isolates. Bacteria are closely related to species occurring within deep sea hydrothermal areas. In contrast to deep-sea vent sites of the Mid-Atlantic and other oceans, the Kolbeinsey macro- and meiofauna consists of species reported from non-vent areas in the boreal Atlantic and adjacent polar seas. The most abundant forms are a solitary hydroid polyp and two sponges. Kolbeinsey is an isolated and young area of hydrothermal activity at relatively low depth and in highly productive waters; these findings could indicate a model for an early evolutionary step towards the formation of a genuine specialized vent community.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00428495
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cloning, sequencing and overexpression of a Rhodothermus marinus gene encoding a thermostable cellulase of glycosyl hydrolase family 12 (1998)
    Springer
    Applied microbiology and biotechnology 49 (1998), S. 277-284 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0614
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Abstract A gene library from the thermophilic eubacterium Rhodothermus marinus, strain ITI 378, was constructed in pUC18 and transformed into Escherichia coli. Of 5400 transformants, 3 were active on carboxymethylcellulose. Three plasmids conferring cellulase activity were purified and were all found to contain the same cellulase gene, celA. The open reading frame for the celA gene is 780 base pairs and encodes a protein of 260 amino acids with a calculated molecular mass of 28.8 kDa. The amino acid sequence shows homology with cellulases in glycosyl hydrolase family 12. The celA gene was overexpressed in E. coli when the pET23, T7 phage RNA polymerase system was used. The enzyme showed activity on carboxymethylcellulose and lichenan, but not on birch xylan or laminarin. The expressed enzyme had six terminal histidine residues and was purified by using a nickel nitrilotriacetate column. The enzyme had a pH optimum of 6–7 and its highest measured initial activity at 100 °C. The heat stability of the enzyme was increased by removal of the histidine residues. It then retained 75% of its activity after 8 h at 90 °C.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002530051169
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Xylanases of thermophilic bacteria from Icelandic hot springs (1993)
    Springer
    Applied microbiology and biotechnology 38 (1993), S. 592-595 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0614
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Abstract Thermophilic, aerobic bacteria isolated from Icelandic hot springs were screened for xylanase activity. Of 97 strains tested, 14 were found to be xylanase positive. Xylanase activities up to 12 nkat/ml were produced by these strains in shake flasks on xylan medium. The xylanases of the two strains producing the highest activities (ITI 36 and ITI 283) were similar with respect to temperature and pH optima (80°C and pH 8.0). Xylanase production of strain ITI 36 was found to be induced by xylan and xylose. Xylanase activity of 24 nkat/ml was obtained with this strain in a laboratory-scale-fermentor cultivation on xylose medium. β-Xylosidase activity was also detected in the culture filtrate. The thermal half-life of ITI 36 xylanase was 24 h at 70°C. The highest production of sugars from hydrolysis of beech xylan was obtained at 70°C, although xylan depolymerization was detected even up to 90°C.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00182794
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pyrobaculum gen. nov., a new genus of neutrophilic, rod-shaped archaebacteria from continental solfataras growing optimally at 100°C (1987)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 149 (1987), S. 95-101 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Archaebacteria ; Hyperthermophilic ; Solfatara fields ; Geothermal ; Sulfur
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Seven members of a new group of rod-shaped hyperthermophilic neutrophilic archaebacteria were isolated from boiling neutral to alkaline solfataric waters from the Azores, Iceland, and Italy. The organisms are strict anaerobes, growing optimally at 100°C. The cells are motile due to peritrichous or bipolar polytrichous flagellation. The isolates grow facultatively chemolithoautotrophically or obligately heterotrophically. Molecular hydrogen or complex organic substances are used as electron donors. During heterotrophic growth, elemental sulfur, thiosulfate, sulfite, l(-)cystine and oxidized glutathione may serve as electron acceptors depending on the individual strain. Elemental sulfur is strictly required as an electron acceptor for autotrophic growth. The G+C content of the DNA is around 46 mol%. The isolates represent a new genus which we have named Pyrobaculum (the “fire stick”). Two species are described: the facultatively autotrophic Pyrobaculum islandicum (DSM 4184), which is the type species, and the obligately heterotrophic Pyrobaculum organotrophum (DSM 4185).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00425072
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ecology and habitats of extremophiles (1995)
    Springer
    World journal of microbiology and biotechnology 11 (1995), S. 17-25 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0972
    Keywords: Acidophiles ; alkaliphiles ; extreme environments ; extremophiles ; halophiles ; microbial ecology ; thermophiles
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Abstract This review describes the main natural extreme environments, characterized by high temperature, high and low pH and high salinity, that can be colonized by microorganisms. The environments covered are: freshwater alkaline hot springs; acidic solfatara fields; anaerobic geothermal mud and soils; acidic sulphur and pyrite areas; carbonate springs and alkaline soil; and soda and highly saline lakes. The community structure, in terms of available energy sources and representative autotrophic and heterotrophic microorganisms, is discussed for each type of habitat.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00339134
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  • 7
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    Discovery and Description of Giant Submarine Smectite Cones on the Seafloor in Eyjafjordur, Northern Iceland, and a Novel Thermal Microbial Habitat (2001)
    American Society for Microbiology
    In:  Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 67 (2). pp. 827-833.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-06-11
    Description: With the submersible JAGO and by scuba diving we discovered three remarkable geothermal cones, rising 33, 25, and 45 m from the seafloor at a depth of 65 m in Eyjafjordur, northern Iceland. The greatest geothermal activity was on the highest cone, which discharged up to 50 liters of freshwater per s at 72°C and pH 10.0. The cones were built up from precipitated smectite, formed by mixing of the hot SiO2-rich geothermal fluid with the cold Mg-rich seawater. By connecting a rubber hose to one outflow, about 240 liters of pure geothermal fluids was concentrated through a 0.2-μm-pore-size filter. Among 50 thermophilic isolates, we found members of Bacillus and Thermonema and a new unidentified low-G+C gram-positive member of theBacteria as well as one member of theArchaea, Desulfurococcus mobilis. Analysis of small-subunit rRNA genes PCR amplified and cloned directly from environmental DNA showed that 41 out of 45Bacteria sequences belonged to members of theAquificales, whereas all of the 10Archaea sequences belonged to theKorarchaeota. The physiological characteristics of isolates from different parts of the cones indicate a completely freshwater habitat, supporting the possibility of subterranean transmittance of terrestrial organisms.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    DOI: 10.1128/AEM.67.2.827-833.2001
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    OceanRep: Article in a Scientific Journal - peer-reviewed
  • 8
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    Cruise Report Poseidon 229a/b Kolbeinsey Ridge, Akureyri - Reykjavik, 22.05.1997 - 11.06.1997 (1997)
    Geologisch-Paläontologisches Institut und Museum, Christian-Albrechts-Universität
    In:  Geologisch-Paläontologisches Institut und Museum, Christian-Albrechts-Universität , Kiel, Deutschland, 42, 8 pp.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-03-22
    Description: General Subject of research: Detailed study of the shallow water hydrothermal system around Kolbeinsey and Grimsey islands
    Type: Report , NonPeerReviewed
    Format: text
    DOI: 10.3289/CR_POS229
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    OceanRep: Report - Cruise Report
  • 9
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    First observations of high-temperature submarine hydrothermal vents and massive anhydrite deposits off the north coast of Iceland (2001)
    Elsevier
    In:  Marine Geology, 177 (3-4). pp. 199-220.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-01-02
    Description: High-temperature (250°C) hydrothermal vents and massive anhydrite deposits have been found in a shallow water, sediment-filled graben near 66°36′N in the Tjornes Fracture Zone north of Iceland. The site is located about 30 km offshore, near the small island of Grimsey. The main vent field occurs at a depth of 400 m and consists of about 20 large-diameter (up to 10 m) mounds and 1–3 m chimneys and spires of anhydrite and talc. A north–south alignment of the mounds over a 1-km strike length of the valley floor suggests that their distribution is controlled by a buried fault. Widespread shimmering water and extensive white patches of anhydrite in the sediment between the mounds indicates that the entire 1-km2 area occupied by the vents is thermally active. A 2-man research submersible JAGO was used to map the area and to sample vent waters, gases, and chimneys. Actively boiling hydrothermal vents occur on most of the mounds, and extensive two-phase venting indicates that the field is underlain by a large boiling zone (200×300 m). The presence of boiling fluids in shallow aquifers beneath the deposits was confirmed by sediment coring. The highest-temperature pore fluids were encountered in talc- and anhydrite-rich sedimentary layers that occur up to 7 m below the mounds. Baked muds underlie the talc and anhydrite layers, and pyrite is common in stockwork-like fractures and veins in the hydrothermally altered sediments. However, massive sulfides (pyrite–marcasite crusts) were found in only one relict mound. Subseafloor boiling has likely affected the metal-carrying capacity of the hydrothermal fluids, and deposition of sulfides may be occurring at greater depth. Although the mounds and chimneys at Grimsey resemble other deposits at sedimented ridges (e.g. Middle Valley, Escanaba Trough, Guaymas Basin), the shallow water setting and extensive boiling of the hydrothermal fluids represent a distinctive new type of seafloor hydrothermal system.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    DOI: 10.1016/S0025-3227(01)00172-4
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    OceanRep: Article in a Scientific Journal - peer-reviewed
  • 10
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    Novel members of glycoside hydrolase family 13 derived from environmental DNA (2008)
    American Society for Microbiology
    In:  Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 74 (6). pp. 1914-1921.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-04-26
    Description: Starch and pullulan-modifying enzymes of the α-amylase family (glycoside hydrolase family 13) have several industrial applications. To date, most of these enzymes have been derived from isolated organisms. To increase the number of members of this enzyme family, in particular of the thermophilic representatives, we have applied a consensus primer-based approach using DNA from enrichments from geothermal habitats. With this approach, we succeeded in isolating three new enzymes: a neopullulanase and two cyclodextrinases. Both cyclodextrinases displayed significant maltogenic amylase side activity, while one showed significant neopullulanase side activity. Specific motifs and domains that correlated with enzymatic activities were identified; e.g., the presence of the N domain was correlated with cyclodextrinase activity. The enzymes exhibited stability under thermophilic conditions and showed features appropriate for biotechnological applications.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    DOI: 10.1128/AEM.02102-07
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    OceanRep: Article in a Scientific Journal - peer-reviewed
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