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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ribosomal RNA Analysis Indicates a Benthic Pennate Diatom Ancestry for the Endosymbionts of the Dinoflagellates Peridinium foliaceum and Peridinium balticum (Pyrrhophyta) (1997)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    The @journal of eukaryotic microbiology 44 (1997), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1550-7408
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: . The establishment of chloroplasts as cellular organelles in the dinoflagellate, heterokont (stramenopile), haptophyte, and cryptophyte algae is widely accepted to have been the result of secondary endosymbiotic events, that is, the uptake of a photosynthetic eukaryote by a phagotrophic eukaryote. However, the circumstances that promote such associations between two phylogenetically distinct organisms and result in the integration of their genomes to form a single functional photosynthetic cell is unclear. The dinoflagellates Peridinium foliaceum and Peridinium balticum are unusual in that each contains a membrance-bound eukaryotic heterokont endosymbiont. These symbioses have been interpreted, through data derived from ultrastructural and biochemical investigations, to represent an intermediate stage of secondary endosymbiotic chloroplast acquistion. In this study we have examined the phylogenetic origin of the P. foliaceum and P. Balticum heterokont endosymbionts through analaysis of their nuclear small subunit ribosomal RNA genes. Our analyses clearly demonstrate both endosymbionts are pennate diatoms belonging to the family Bacillariaceae. Since members of the Bacillariaceae are usually benthic, living on shallow marine sediments, the manner in which establishment of a symbiosis between a planktonic flagellated dinoflagellate and a botton-dwelling diatom is discussed. In particular, specific environmentally associated life strategy stages of the host and symbiont, coupled with diatom food preferences by the dinoflagellate, may have been vital to the formation of this association.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1550-7408.1997.tb05672.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Development of the extant diversity in Halimeda is linked to vicariant events (1999)
    Springer
    Hydrobiologia 398-399 (1999), S. 39-45 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: 18S rDNA ; biogeography ; Bryopsidales ; evolution ; Halimeda ; phylogeny ; Tethys ; vicariance
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Partial 18S rDNA sequences, including a 102 base pair insertion, were used to infer a phylogeny among 48 samples across all sections in Halimeda Lamouroux, 1812. The phylogeny reveals a separation of the monophyletic section Rhipsalis into a western Atlantic and a western Pacific clade. Consequently, morphologically similar species within this section such as H. monile (Ellis & Solander) Lamouroux (western Atlantic), and H. cylindracea Decaisne (western Pacific), are not sister taxa. Vicariant events that separated the tropical regions of the Atlantic and Indo-Pacific Oceans can explain the observed biogeographical pattern in section Rhipsalis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1017084018210
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  • 3
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    Phylogeny and morphology of a Chattonella (Raphidophyceae) species from the Mediterranean Sea: what is C. subsalsa? (2013)
    TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD
    In:  EPIC3European Journal of Phycology, TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD, 48(1), pp. 79-92, ISSN: 0967-0262
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-16
    Description: We analysed the molecular and morphological features of strains of Chattonella subsalsa isolated from the western Adriatic coast (Mediterranean Sea), with the aim of confirming their classification and elucidating their phylogenetic positions within the Raphidophyceae. We sequenced parts of the ribosomal operon, including the small subunit (SSU), the internal transcribed spacer region (ITS) and the large subunit (LSU) of the rDNA. Additionally, we analysed sequences of the chloroplast-encoded subunit psaA of Photosystem I (PSI) and rbcL, encoding the large subunit of the Rubisco gene. For three phylogenetic markers (LSU, ITS, rbcL), the sequences of the strains from the Adriatic Sea were identical and for two markers (SSU, psaA) only minor differences occurred. All strains were sister to, but well separated from, sequences from isolates in culture collections and from GenBank, thus far classified as belonging to C. subsalsa. Light and electron microscopy provided evidence for morphological differences between a strain of C. subsalsa (CCMP217) from the Gulf of Mexico and the isolates from the Adriatic Sea. Differences concerned the shape and arrangement of chloroplasts and the presence of mucocysts and other surface microstructures, which were only observed in isolates from the Adriatic Sea. This is the first evidence for two different taxa classified as C. subsalsa, which are clearly separated on the basis of several genetic markers and also show morphological differences. As compared with strains assigned to C. subsalsa from the NCMA (formerly CCMP) culture collection, the Adriatic strains more closely match the original species description. This would imply that strain CCMP217 and other genetically similar strains should be described under a new species name. Nevertheless, given the high morphological plasticity of Chattonella species, the definition of the true C. subsalsa must be decided based on detailed morphological and molecular analysis of more strains from other geographical areas.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , isiRev
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 4
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    Molecular analyses of protists in long-term observation programmes—current status and future perspectives (2018)
    OXFORD UNIV PRESS
    In:  EPIC3Journal of Plankton Research, OXFORD UNIV PRESS, 40(5), pp. 519-536, ISSN: 0142-7873
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-11-09
    Description: Protists (microbial eukaryotes) are diverse, major components of marine ecosystems, and are fundamental to ecosystem services. In the last 10 years, molecular studies have highlighted substantial novel diversity in marine systems including sequences with no taxonomic context. At the same time, many known protists remain without a DNA identity. Since the majority of pelagic protists are too small to identify by light microscopy, most are neither comprehensively or regularly taken into account, particularly in Long-term Ecological Research Sites. This potentially undermines the quality of research and the accuracy of predictions about biological species shifts in a changing environment. The ICES Working Group for Phytoplankton and Microbial Ecology conducted a questionnaire survey in 2013–2014 on methods and identification of protists using molecular methods plus a literature review of protist molecular diversity studies. The results revealed an increased use of high-throughput sequencing methods and a recognition that sequence data enhance the overall datasets on protist species composition. However, we found only a few long-term molecular studies and noticed a lack of integration between microscopic and molecular methods. Here, we discuss and put forward recommendations to improve and make molecular methods more accessible to Long-term Ecological Research Site investigators.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , peerRev
    Format: application/pdf
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