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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The Iso2k database: a global compilation of paleo-〈i〉δ〈/i〉〈sup〉18〈/sup〉O and 〈i〉δ〈/i〉〈sup〉2〈/sup〉H records to aid understanding of Common Era climate
    Copernicus GmbH ; 2020
    In:  Earth System Science Data Vol. 12, No. 3 ( 2020-09-23), p. 2261-2288
    Details
    In: Earth System Science Data, Copernicus GmbH, Vol. 12, No. 3 ( 2020-09-23), p. 2261-2288
    Abstract: Abstract. Reconstructions of global hydroclimate during the Common Era (CE; the past ∼2000 years) are important for providing context for current and future global environmental change. Stable isotope ratios in water are quantitative indicators of hydroclimate on regional to global scales, and these signals are encoded in a wide range of natural geologic archives. Here we present the Iso2k database, a global compilation of previously published datasets from a variety of natural archives that record the stable oxygen (δ18O) or hydrogen (δ2H) isotopic compositions of environmental waters, which reflect hydroclimate changes over the CE. The Iso2k database contains 759 isotope records from the terrestrial and marine realms, including glacier and ground ice (210); speleothems (68); corals, sclerosponges, and mollusks (143); wood (81); lake sediments and other terrestrial sediments (e.g., loess) (158); and marine sediments (99). Individual datasets have temporal resolutions ranging from sub-annual to centennial and include chronological data where available. A fundamental feature of the database is its comprehensive metadata, which will assist both experts and nonexperts in the interpretation of each record and in data synthesis. Key metadata fields have standardized vocabularies to facilitate comparisons across diverse archives and with climate-model-simulated fields. This is the first global-scale collection of water isotope proxy records from multiple types of geological and biological archives. It is suitable for evaluating hydroclimate processes through time and space using large-scale synthesis, model–data intercomparison and (paleo)data assimilation. The Iso2k database is available for download at https://doi.org/10.25921/57j8-vs18 (Konecky and McKay, 2020) and is also accessible via the NOAA/WDS Paleo Data landing page: https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/29593 (last access: 30 July 2020).
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1866-3516
    URL: Article
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.5194/essd-12-2261-2020
    DOI: 10.5194/essd-12-2261-2020-supplement
    Language: English
    Publisher: Copernicus GmbH
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2475469-9
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  • 2
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    Subseasonal Variations of Stable Isotopes in Tropical Andean Precipitation
    American Meteorological Society ; 2019
    In:  Journal of Hydrometeorology Vol. 20, No. 5 ( 2019-05-01), p. 915-933
    Details
    In: Journal of Hydrometeorology, American Meteorological Society, Vol. 20, No. 5 ( 2019-05-01), p. 915-933
    Abstract: The tropical Andes of southern Peru and northern Bolivia have several major mountain summits suitable for ice core paleoclimatic investigations. However, incomplete understanding of the controls on the isotopic (δD, δ18O) composition of precipitation and a paucity of field observations in this region continue to limit ice-core-based paleoclimate reconstructions. This study examines four years of daily observations of δD and δ18O in precipitation from a citizen scientist network on the northeastern margin of the Altiplano, to identify controls on the subseasonal spatiotemporal variability in δ18O during the wet season (November–April). These data provide new insights into modern δ18O variability at high spatial and temporal scales. We identify a regionally coherent subseasonal signal in precipitation δ18O featuring alternating periods of high and low δ18O of 9–27-day duration. This signal reflects variability in precipitation delivery driven by synoptic conditions and closely relates to variations in the strength of the South American low-level jet and moisture availability over the study area. The annual layer of snowpack on the Quelccaya Ice Cap observed in the subsequent dry season retains this subseasonal signal, allowing the development of a snow-pit age model based on precipitation δ18O measurements, and demonstrating how synoptic variability is transmitted from the atmosphere to mountaintop snowpacks along the Altiplano’s eastern margin. This result improves our understanding of the hydrometeorological processes governing δ18O and δD in tropical Andean precipitation and has implications for improving paleoclimate reconstructions from tropical Andean ice cores and other paleoclimate records.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1525-755X , 1525-7541
    URL: Article
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1175/JHM-D-18-0163.1
    DOI: 10.1175/JHM-D-18-0163.s1
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Meteorological Society
    Publication Date: 2019
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2042176-X
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  • 3
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    Paired stable isotopologues in precipitation and vapor: A case study of the amount effect within western tropical Pacific storms
    American Geophysical Union (AGU) ; 2016
    In:  Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres Vol. 121, No. 7 ( 2016-04-16), p. 3290-3303
    Details
    In: Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, American Geophysical Union (AGU), Vol. 121, No. 7 ( 2016-04-16), p. 3290-3303
    Abstract: Consistent amount effect is not observed in storms Deuterium excess correlated with variables related to convective activity Rain to vapor isotope ratios indicate rain evaporation and distinct upper level vapor sources
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2169-897X , 2169-8996
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1002/jgrd.v121.7
    DOI: 10.1002/2015JD023844
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Geophysical Union (AGU)
    Publication Date: 2016
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 710256-2
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2016800-7
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2969341-X
    SSG: 16,13
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  • 4
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    Optimization of a Picarro L2140-i cavity ring-down spectrometer for routine measurement of triple oxygen isotope ratios in meteoric waters
    Copernicus GmbH ; 2023
    In:  Atmospheric Measurement Techniques Vol. 16, No. 6 ( 2023-03-29), p. 1663-1682
    Details
    In: Atmospheric Measurement Techniques, Copernicus GmbH, Vol. 16, No. 6 ( 2023-03-29), p. 1663-1682
    Abstract: Abstract. The demanding precision of triple oxygen isotope (Δ17O) analyses in water has restricted their measurement to dual-inlet mass spectrometry until the recent development of commercially available infrared laser analyzers. Laser-based measurements of triple oxygen isotope ratios are now increasingly performed by laboratories seeking to better constrain the source and history of meteoric waters. However, in practice, these measurements are subject to large analytical errors that remain poorly documented in scientific literature and by instrument manufacturers, which can effectively restrict the confident application of Δ17O to settings where variations are relatively large (∼ 25–60 per meg). We present our operating method of a Picarro L2140-i cavity ring-down spectrometer (CRDS) during the analysis of low-latitude rainwater where confidently resolving daily variations in Δ17O (differences of ∼ 10–20 per meg) was desired. Our approach was optimized over ∼ 3 years and uses a combination of published best practices plus additional steps to combat spectral contamination of trace amounts of dissolved organics, which, for Δ17O, emerges as a much more substantial problem than previously documented, even in pure rainwater. We resolve the extreme sensitivity of the Δ17O measurement to organics through their removal via Picarro's micro-combustion module, whose performance is evaluated in each sequence using alcohol-spiked standards. While correction for sample-to-sample memory and instrumental drift significantly improves traditional isotope metrics, these corrections have only a marginal impact (0–1 per meg error reduction) on Δ17O. Our post-processing scheme uses the analyzer's high-resolution data, which improves δ2H measurement (0.25 ‰ error reduction) and allows for much more rich troubleshooting and data processing compared to the default user-facing data output. In addition to competitive performance for traditional isotope metrics, we report a long-term, control standard root mean square error for Δ17O of 12 per meg. Overall performance (Δ17O error of 6 per meg, calculated by averaging three replicates spread across distinct, independently calibrated sequences) is comparable to mass spectrometry and requires only ∼ 6.3 h per sample. We demonstrate the impact of our approach using a rainfall dataset from Uganda and offer recommendations for other efforts that aim to measure meteoric Δ17O via CRDS.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1867-8548
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.5194/amt-16-1663-2023
    Language: English
    Publisher: Copernicus GmbH
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2505596-3
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  • 5
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    Rainfall Characteristics and Trends—and the Role of Congo Westerlies—in the Western Uganda Transition Zone of Equatorial Africa From 1983 to 2017
    American Geophysical Union (AGU) ; 2019
    In:  Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres Vol. 124, No. 20 ( 2019-10-27), p. 10712-10729
    Details
    In: Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, American Geophysical Union (AGU), Vol. 124, No. 20 ( 2019-10-27), p. 10712-10729
    Abstract: The two rainy seasons have gotten longer and wetter, with significant increases in duration and rainfall total for the first rains Rainfall increased in all seasons, except DJF, throughout the region, and southwestern Uganda had the largest increase in annual rainfall Congo westerlies contribute substantially to rainfall, especially during JJA and SON, but were not responsible for the wetting trends
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2169-897X , 2169-8996
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1029/2019JD031243
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Geophysical Union (AGU)
    Publication Date: 2019
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 710256-2
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2016800-7
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2969341-X
    SSG: 16,13
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  • 6
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    Glacial forcing of central Indonesian hydroclimate since 60,000 y B.P.
    Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences ; 2014
    In:  Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences Vol. 111, No. 14 ( 2014-04-08), p. 5100-5105
    Details
    In: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Vol. 111, No. 14 ( 2014-04-08), p. 5100-5105
    Abstract: The Indo-Pacific warm pool houses the largest zone of deep atmospheric convection on Earth and plays a critical role in global climate variations. Despite the region’s importance, changes in Indo-Pacific hydroclimate on orbital timescales remain poorly constrained. Here we present high-resolution geochemical records of surface runoff and vegetation from sediment cores from Lake Towuti, on the island of Sulawesi in central Indonesia, that continuously span the past 60,000 y. We show that wet conditions and rainforest ecosystems on Sulawesi present during marine isotope stage 3 (MIS3) and the Holocene were interrupted by severe drying between ∼33,000 and 16,000 y B.P. when Northern Hemisphere ice sheets expanded and global temperatures cooled. Our record reveals little direct influence of precessional orbital forcing on regional climate, and the similarity between MIS3 and Holocene climates observed in Lake Towuti suggests that exposure of the Sunda Shelf has a weaker influence on regional hydroclimate and terrestrial ecosystems than suggested previously. We infer that hydrological variability in this part of Indonesia varies strongly in response to high-latitude climate forcing, likely through reorganizations of the monsoons and the position of the intertropical convergence zone. These findings suggest an important role for the tropical western Pacific in amplifying glacial–interglacial climate variability.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0027-8424 , 1091-6490
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1402373111
    RVK:
    TA 1000
    RVK:
    WA 15000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
    Publication Date: 2014
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 209104-5
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1461794-8
    SSG: 11
    SSG: 12
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  • 7
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    Is equatorial Africa getting wetter or drier? Insights from an evaluation of long‐term, satellite‐based rainfall estimates for western Uganda
    Wiley ; 2019
    In:  International Journal of Climatology Vol. 39, No. 7 ( 2019-06-15), p. 3334-3347
    Details
    In: International Journal of Climatology, Wiley, Vol. 39, No. 7 ( 2019-06-15), p. 3334-3347
    Abstract: Long‐term trends in equatorial African rainfall have proven difficult to determine because of a dearth in ground‐measured rainfall data. Multiple, satellite‐based products now provide daily rainfall estimates from 1983 to the present at relatively fine spatial resolutions, but in order to assess trends in rainfall, they must be validated alongside ground‐based measurements. The purpose of this paper is twofold: (a) to assess the accuracy of four rainfall products covering the past several decades in western Uganda; and (b) to ascertain recent, multi‐decadal trends in annual rainfall for the region. The four products are African Rainfall Climatology Version 2 (ARC2), Climate Hazards Group InfraRed Precipitation with Stations (CHIRPS), Precipitation Estimation from Remotely Sensed Information using Artificial Neural Networks–Climate Data Record (PERSIANN‐CDR), and TAMSAT African Rainfall Climatology And Timeseries (TARCAT). The bias and accuracy of 10‐day, monthly, and seasonal rainfall totals of the four products were assessed using approximately 10 years of data from 10 rain gauges. The homogeneity of the products over multiple time periods was assessed using change‐point analysis. The accuracy of the four products increased with an increase in temporal scale, and CHIRPS was the only product that could be considered sufficiently accurate at estimating seasonal rainfall totals throughout most of the region. TARCAT tended to underestimate totals, and ARC2 and PERSIANN were in general the least accurate products. Only annual rainfall estimates from CHIRPS and TARCAT were significantly correlated with ground‐measured rainfall totals. TARCAT was the most homogeneous product, while ARC2, CHIRPS, and PERSIANN had significant negative change points that caused a drying bias over the 1983–2016 period. After adjusting the satellite‐based rainfall estimates based on the timing and magnitude of the change points, annual rainfall totals derived from all four products indicated that western Uganda experienced significantly increasing rainfall from 1983 to 2016.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0899-8418 , 1097-0088
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1002/joc.2019.39.issue-7
    DOI: 10.1002/joc.6023
    RVK:
    RA 1000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2019
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1491204-1
    SSG: 14
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  • 8
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    Atmospheric circulation patterns during late Pleistocene climate changes at Lake Malawi, Africa
    Elsevier BV ; 2011
    In:  Earth and Planetary Science Letters Vol. 312, No. 3-4 ( 2011-12), p. 318-326
    Details
    In: Earth and Planetary Science Letters, Elsevier BV, Vol. 312, No. 3-4 ( 2011-12), p. 318-326
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0012-821X
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1016/j.epsl.2011.10.020
    RVK:
    TE 1000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Elsevier BV
    Publication Date: 2011
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 300203-2
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1466659-5
    SSG: 16,13
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  • 9
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    Recent intensification of the seasonal rainfall cycle in equatorial Africa revealed by farmer perceptions, satellite-based estimates, and ground-based station measurements
    Springer Science and Business Media LLC ; 2019
    In:  Climatic Change Vol. 153, No. 1-2 ( 2019-3), p. 123-139
    Details
    In: Climatic Change, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, Vol. 153, No. 1-2 ( 2019-3), p. 123-139
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0165-0009 , 1573-1480
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1007/s10584-019-02370-4
    RVK:
    RA 1000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
    Publication Date: 2019
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 751086-X
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1477652-2
    SSG: 14
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  • 10
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    Intensification of southwestern Indonesian rainfall over the past millennium
    American Geophysical Union (AGU) ; 2013
    In:  Geophysical Research Letters Vol. 40, No. 2 ( 2013-01-28), p. 386-391
    Details
    In: Geophysical Research Letters, American Geophysical Union (AGU), Vol. 40, No. 2 ( 2013-01-28), p. 386-391
    Abstract: Rainfall in East Java has intensified over the past millennium ITCZ migration is not sufficient to explain this long‐term trend Both Walker circulation and ITCZ dynamics are important to region‐wide patterns
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0094-8276 , 1944-8007
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1029/2012GL054331
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Geophysical Union (AGU)
    Publication Date: 2013
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2021599-X
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 7403-2
    SSG: 16,13
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