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  • 1
    Keywords: Hochschulschrift ; Nordsee ; Ostsee ; Schiffsbohrwurm ; Populationsgenetik
    Description / Table of Contents: The thesis investigated changes in the species spectrum of shipworms in the southern Baltic Sea since 1993 and a possible range expansion. Using DNA barcoding, molecular-taxonomic evidence has been obtained that the species Teredo navalis is present in the Baltic Sea and no sister species exists. Since no genetically differentiated populations could be identified, a panmictic population can be assumed for Central Europe. Compared to earlier investigations, no spread of T. navalis to the east and thus to areas of the Baltic Sea with lower salinity could be detected.〈eng〉
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    DDC: 570
    RVK:
    Language: English
    Note: GutachterInnen: Ulf Karsten (Universität Rostock, AG Angewandte Ökologie & Phykologie) ; Martin Wahl (GEOMAR, Helmholtz-Zentrum für Ozeanforschung Kiel) , Enthält verschiedene Zeitschriftenartikel
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  • 2
    Keywords: Hochschulschrift ; Antarktis ; Grünalgen ; Autökologie
    Type of Medium: Book
    Pages: IV, 108 S. , graph. Darst., Kt.
    Series Statement: Berichte zur Polarforschung 79
    DDC: 589.4/70998/9
    RVK:
    Language: German
    Note: Zsfassung in dt. und engl. Sprache , Zugl.: Bremen, Univ., Diss., 1990
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1399-3054
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: In field studies conducted at the Kongsfjord (Spitsbergen), the effect of filtered natural radiation conditions (solar without ulraviolet [UV]-A+UV-B, solar without UV-B, solar) on photosynthesis and the metabolism of UV-absorbing mycosporine-like amino acids (MAAs) in the marine red alga Devaleraea ramentacea have been studied. While solar treatment without UV-A+UV-B did not affect photosynthesis during the course of a day, solar without UV-B and the full solar spectrum led to a strong inhibition. However, after offset of the various radiation conditions, all algae fully recovered. Isolates collected from different depths were exposed in the laboratory to artificial fluence rates of photosynthetic active radiation (PAR), PAR+UV-A, and PAR+UV-A+UV-B. The photosynthetic capacity was affected in accordance with the original sampling depth, i.e. shallow-water isolates were more resistant than algae from deeper waters, indicating that D. ramentacea is able to acclimate to changes in irradiance. Seven different UV-absorbing MAAs were detected in this alga, namely mycosporine-glycine, shinorine, porphyra-334, palythine, asterina-330, palythinol, and palythene. The total amount of MAAs continuously decreased with increasing collecting depth when sampled in mid June, and algae taken in late August from the same depths contained on average 30–45% higher MAA concentrations, indicating a seasonal effect as well. The presence of increasing MAA contents with decreasing depth correlated with a more insensitive photosynthetic capacity under both UV-A and UV-B treatments. Populations of D. ramentacea collected from 1 m depth, with one fully exposed to solar radiation and the other growing protected as understorey vegetation underneath the kelp Laminaria saccharina, exhibited quantitatively different MAA compositions in the apices. The exposed seaweeds contained 2.5-fold higher MAA values compared with the more shaded algae. Moreover, the exposed isolates showed a strong tissue gradient in MAAs, pigments, and proteins. The green apices contained 5-fold higher MAA contents than the red bases. Transplantation of D. ramentacea from 2 m depth to the surface induced the formation and accumulation of MAAs after 1 week exposure to the full solar spectrum. Control samples which were treated with the solar spectrum without UV-A+B or with solar without UV-B showed unchanged MAA contents, indicating a strong UV-B effect on MAA metabolism. All data well supported the suggested physiological function of MAAs as natural UV sunscreens in macroalgae.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1432-2056
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract In field studies conducted at the Kongsfjord (Spitsbergen) changes of the irradiance in the atmosphere and the sublittoral zone were monitored from the beginning of June until the end of August 1997, to register the minimum and maximum fluxes of ultraviolet and photosynthetically active radiation and to characterise the underwater light climate. Measurements of photosynthesis in three abundant brown algal species (Alaria esculenta, Laminaria saccharina, Saccorhiza dermatodea) were conducted to test whether their photosynthetic performance reflects changing light climate in accordance with depth. Plants sampled at various depths were exposed to controlled fluence rates of photosynthetically active radiation (400–700 nm), UV-A (320–400 nm) and UV-B (280–320 nm). Changes in photosynthetic performance during the treatments were monitored by measuring variable chlorophyll fluorescence of photosystem II. In each species, the degree of inhibition of photosynthesis was related to the original collection depth, i.e. shallow-water isolates were more resistant than plants from deeper waters. The results show that macroalgae acclimate effectively to increasing irradiance levels for both photosynthetically active and ultraviolet radiation. However, the kinetics of acclimation are different within the different species. It is shown that one important strategy to cope with higher irradiance levels in shallow waters is the capability for a faster recovery from high light stress compared to isolates from deeper waters.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Keywords: Caloglossa ; Hexokinase ; Mannitol-1-phosphate dehydrogenase ; Mannitol-1-phosphatase ; Mannitol dehydrogenase ; Osmolyte metabolism
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract A metabolic pathway, known as the mannitol cycle in fungi, has been identified as a new entity in the eulittoral mangrove red algaCaloglossa leprieurii (Montagne) J. Agardh. Three specific enzymes, mannitol-1-phosphate dehydrogenase (Mt1PDH; EC 1.1.1.17), mannitol-1-phosphatase (MtlPase; EC 3.1.3.22), mannitol dehydrogenase (MtDH; EC 1.1.1.67) and one nonspecific hexokinase (HK; EC 2.7.1.1) were determined and biochemically characterized in cell-free extracts. Mannitol-1-phosphate dehydrogenase showed activity maxima at pH 7.0 [fructose-6-phosphate (F6P) reduction] and pH 8.5 [oxidation of mannitol-1-phosphate (Mt1P)], and a very high specificity for both carbohydrate substrates. TheK m values were 1.4 mM for F6P, 0.09 mM for MOP, 0.020 mM for NADH and 0.023 mM for NAD+. For the dephosphorylation of MOP, MtlPase exhibited a pH optimum at 7.2, aK m value of 1.2 mM and a high requirement of Mg2+ for activation. Mannitol dehydrogenase had activity maxima at pH 7.0 (fructose reduction) and pH 9.8 (mannitol oxidation), and was less substrate-specific than Mt1PDH and MtlPase, i.e. it also catalyzed reactions in the oxidative direction with arabitol (64.9%), sorbitol (31%) and xylitol (24.8%). This enzyme showedK m values of 39 mM for fructose, 7.9 mM for mannitol, 0.14 mM for NADH and 0.075 mM for NAD+. For the non-specific HK, only theK m values for fructose (0.19 mM) and glucose (7.5 mM) were determined. The activities of the anabolic enzymes Mt1PDH and MtlPase were always at least two orders of magnitude higher than those of the degradative enzymes, indicating a net carbon flow towards a high intracellular mannitol pool. The function of mannitol metabolism inC. leprieurii as a biochemical adaptation to the environmental extremes in the mangrove habitat is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Keywords: Key words:Chondrus ; Palythene ; Palythine ; Palythinol ; Shinorine ; UV-sunscreens
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract. The UV-absorbing mycosporine-like amino acids (MAAs) are hypothesized to protect organisms against harmful UV radiation (UVR). Since the physiology and metabolism of these compounds are unknown, the induction and kinetics of MAA biosynthesis by various natural radiation conditions were investigated in the marine red alga Chondrus crispus collected from Helgoland, Germany. Three photosynthetically active radiation (PAR, 400–700 nm) treatments without UVR and three UV-A/B (290–400 nm) treatments without PAR were given. Chondrus crispus collected from 4–6 m depth contained only traces of the MAA palythine. After 24 h exposure to 100% ambient PAR, traces of three additional MAAs, shinorine, palythinol and palythene, were detected, and their concentrations increased strongly during a one-week exposure to all PAR treatments. The concentration of all MAAs varied directly with PAR dose, with palythine and shinorine being four- to sevenfold higher than palythinol and palythene. Likewise, naturally high doses of both UV-A and UV-B resulted in a strong accumulation of all MAAs, in particular shinorine. While shinorine accumulation was much more stimulated by UVR, the content of all other MAAs was more affected by high PAR, indicating an MAA-specific induction triggered by UVR or PAR.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Helgoland marine research 43 (1989), S. 61-66 
    ISSN: 1438-3888
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The estuarine red alga,Bostrychia radicans, was subjected to osmotic stresses ranging from hypo-osmotic (9.9‰) to hyperosmotic conditions (37.4‰). The growth rate decreased with increasing salinities and showed a maximum in a mesohaline medium, while the photosynthetic rate and the chlorophyll a content increased under hyper-osmotic conditions. The rate of respiration remained constant over the salinity range tested.B. radicans revealed typical characteristics of “shade plants” having a low light compensation point at 3–4 μE m−2 s−1 correlated with a low photon flux density of 70–100 μE m−2 s−1 for saturation of photosynthesis. These physiological properties may explain the success ofB. radicans in estuarine habitats.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Hydrobiologia 432 (2000), S. 159-171 
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: MAAs ; mangrove algae ; mycosporine-like amino acids ; UV-radiation ; UV-sunscreens
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Epiphytic red algae of the order Ceramiales from mangroves and salt marshes (nine species from Bostrychia, three from Stictosiphonia and four from Caloglossa) produce varying levels of the UV-absorbing compounds mycosporine-glycine, shinorine, porphyra-334, palythine, asterina-330 and palythinol, a suite of substances chemically assigned as mycosporine-like amino acids (MAAs). Mean MAA levels varied from 0.02 to 12.8 mg g−1 DW in field-collected and laboratory cultured specimens. While in field samples of Bostrychia montagneiHarvey, Bostrychia radicans (Montagne) Montagne and Caloglossa apomeiotica J.West et G.Zuccarello MAA concentrations were generally higher compared to cultured plants of the same taxa, Bostrychia tenella(Lamouroux) J.Agardh did not show such a difference. Catenella caespitosa (Withering) L.Irvine, Catenella impudica (Montagne) J.Agardh and Catenella nipae Zanardini (Gigartinales, Caulacanthaceae) produce two novel UV-absorbing compounds: MAA-1 (1.4–4.3 mg g −1 DW) and MAA-2 (0.1–1.0 mg g−1 DW), which absorb at 334 nm and 320 nm, respectively. In laboratory culture of Bostrychia moritziana when photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) was increased from 20 to 40 μmol photons m−2 s−1, the total level of palythinol increased by 85% (from 2.0 to 3.7 mg g−1 DW). In a culture of Caloglossa leprieurii when PAR was increased from 40 to 80 μmol m−2 s−1the porphyra-334 content increased by 77% (from 3.1 to 5.5 mg g−1 DW). Extremely high MAA contents of 〉30 mg g−1 DW were detected in mature tetrasporangial sori prepared from two isolates of laboratory-cultured reproductive Caloglossa apomeiotica compared to vegetative plants (about 10 mg MAAs g−1 DW) indicating tetraspores loaded up with UV-sunscreens. All data demonstrate that mangrove red algae contain high MAA concentrations, particularly the reproductive structures, and hence these compounds may act as biochemical photoprotectants against exposure to UV-radiation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: bisexual ; Polysiphonia-type life history ; Rhodophyta ; Stictosiphonia hookeri ; temperature-controlled reproduction ; unisexual
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The red alga Stictosiphonia hookeri is epilithic in shaded habitats of the upper intertidal zone from 30 to 55° S. Thalli of this species from Argentina, Chile, South Africa and Australia, usually without reproductive structures when collected, all developed tetrasporangia in culture. Although good vegetative growth occurred in all nine isolates at 20–25 °C, 12:12 light: dark cycle, 10–30 µmol photons m−2 s−1, none reproduced in these conditions except one isolate from Australia. At 15 °C the four South African (34 °S) isolates developed tetrasporangial stichidia, and three completed a Polysiphonia-type life history. Gametophytes were unisexual or bisexual. At 15 °C one isolate from Chile (36 °S) formed tetrasporangia, but sporelings were not viable. At 10 °C isolates from Argentina and Chile (53 °S and 54 °S) formed tetrasporangia; however, only the Chile isolate completed a Polysiphonia-type life history with unisexual gametophytes. The temperature required to induce sporogenesis correlates with the range of water and air temperatures in the natural habitats of each isolate. In irradiances 〉50 µmol m−2 s−1 the thalli became yellow- brown within two weeks because of phycobiliprotein loss, but this did not impair growth or reproduction. The Argentina and Chile isolates were resistant to freezing in seawater for at least two days, showing no cell damage. The protein cuticle of the outer cell wall is repeatedly shed in culture. This may serve to minimize the attachment of epiphytes in the field.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biologie in unserer Zeit 26 (1996), S. 16-26 
    ISSN: 0045-205X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Unter Mikrobenmatten versteht man im allgemeinen Bakteriengesellschaften aus phototrophen Mikroorganismen. Darüber hinaus gibt es aber auch Matten, in denen Arten der chemotrophen Bakteriengattungen Beggiatoa und Thioploca oder auch Pilze dominieren. Der Ausdruck „Matte“ bezieht sich auf ein zusammenhängendes, geschichtetes, mit organischer Materie angereichertes System, das solche Lebensgemeinschaften auf festen Oberflächen von Böden, Felsen und aquatischen Sedimenten bilden [1]. Die verschiedenen Mikroorganismengruppen leben miteinander in einem „mikroskopischen Dschungel“ (Abbildung 3) von sehr geringer Größe, häufig nur von wenigen Mikrometern bis Millimetern. Sie beeinflussen und prägen durch physikalische und biologisch-chemische Barrieren sowie durch ihren Stoffwechsel maßgeblich die Unterlage, auf der sie wachsen [3, 9 und darin zitierte Literatur]. Die Mikroorganismen durchwuchern diese mit einzelligen und fädigen Formen und scheiden häufig festigende, „klebrige“ Substanzen aus. Die mechanische Stabilität von Mikrobenmatten, welche Ausdehnungen von vielen Quadratkilometern erreichen können (zum Beispiel in der Antarktis oder an Mangrovenstandorten), ist beachtlich [4]. Man findet sie von den Polargebieten bis zu den Tropen in allen Lebensräumen der Erde. Typische Standorte sind hypersaline Seen und Lagunen (Salinen), Gewässer in der Antarktis, saure und alkalische Seen, heiße Quellen, Wüsten, Tiefseesedimente oder auch das offene Sandwatt und die Gezeitenzone der Ostfriesischen Inseln (Beispiele siehe Abbildungen 2 bis 9) [1].Einen aus physiologischer Sicht sehr interessanten Lebensraum stellen reine Salzkrusten in Salzgewinnungsanlagen beispielsweise in Guerrero Negro in Baja California, Mexiko oder am Toten Meer in Israel dar. Diese Salzkrusten bestehen zu mehr als 25% aus Gipskristallen (CaSO4), und die hier lebenden Mikroorganismen liegen „eingepökelt“ und dennoch metabolisch aktiv in der Gipsmatrix (Abbildung 1) [14]. In tropischen Zonen und in Mangrovenwäldern sind Wachstum der Matten und physiologische Aktivität der Organismen nicht auf bestimmte Jahreszeiten begrenzt. Wo die Matten durch hypersaline Bedingungen konserviert und nicht durch bohrende, wühlende oder fressende Aktivitäten der Fauna zerstört werden, können sie Dicken bis zu mehreren Metern erreichen. In den aquatischen Lebensräumen, insbesondere in der Gezeitenzone tragen die Mikrobenmatten nicht nur zur Verfestigung des Sedimentes bei, sondern auch zur Primärproduktion des jeweiligen Standortes. Untersuchungen über die Produktivität und Biomasse von Matten aus dem hypersalinen Solar Lake (Sinai; Abbildung 9A) zeigen beispielsweise Größenordnungen, die mit denen von tropischen Regenwäldern vergleichbar sind, welche allgemein als produktivstes Ökosystem angesehen werden [5].Alle Habitate, in denen Mikrobenmatten vorkommen, haben eines gemeinsam: Sie weisen so extreme Umweltbedingungen auf, daß es in der Regel keine Konkurrenz durch niedere oder höhere Pflanzen und auch keine Beeinträchtigungen durch mattenzerstörende Tiere gibt.
    Additional Material: 16 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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