Keywords:
Climatic changes.
;
Electronic books.
Description / Table of Contents:
Applying an interdisciplinary methodology, this comprehensive book provides a definitive overview of the major high-mountain systems worldwide, giving unprecedented insights into global drivers of high-mountain cryosphere change and their implications for people across high-mountain regions. An invaluable reference for researchers and professionals in cryospheric science, geomorphology, climatology and environmental studies.
Type of Medium:
Online Resource
Pages:
1 online resource (378 pages)
Edition:
1st ed.
ISBN:
9781316363553
URL:
https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/geomar/detail.action?docID=2120115
DDC:
577.5/3
Language:
English
Note:
Cover -- Half-title -- Title page -- Copyright information -- Table of contents -- List of contributors -- Acknowledgments -- 1 Introduction: human-environment dynamics in the high-mountain cryosphere -- References -- Part I Global drivers -- 2 Influence of climate variability and large-scale circulation on the mountain cryosphere -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 European mountains -- 2.3 North American Cordillera -- 2.4 Tibetan Plateau and the surrounding high-mountain ranges -- 2.5 The tropical Andes -- 2.6 Mt. Kilimanjaro: a case study from East Africa -- 2.7 Conclusions -- Acknowledgements -- References -- 3 Temperature, precipitation and related extremes in mountain areas -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Basic characteristics of near surface temperature in mountain topography -- 3.2.1 Altitude dependence of 2m temperature -- 3.2.2 Altitude dependence of daily temperature anomalies -- 3.2.3 The relation between surface air pressure and 2m temperature -- 3.3 Temperature extremes -- 3.4 Precipitation patterns in mountain areas -- 3.4.1 Measuring and monitoring precipitation -- 3.5 Precipitation extremes -- 3.5.1 Selected gridded data products -- 3.5.1.1 Reanalyses -- 3.5.1.2 Combined observations -- 3.5.1.3 Interpolated rain-gauge station data -- 3.5.2 Comparison and discussion of the gridded data products -- 3.6 Conclusions -- Acknowledgments -- References -- 4 Snow and avalanches -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.1.1 Snow cover -- 4.1.2 Snow avalanche hazard and risk -- 4.2 Environmental change -- 4.2.1 Climate change and mountain snow cover -- 4.2.2 Effects on snow avalanches -- 4.3 Socio-economic change -- 4.3.1 Drivers of socio-economic change -- 4.3.2 Effects on snow avalanche risk -- 4.3.2.1 Temporal dynamics of socio-economic changes -- 4.3.2.2 Spatial dynamics of socio-economic changes -- 4.4 Conclusions -- References.
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5 The frozen frontier: the extractives super cycle in a time of glacier recession -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 The icy edge of climate change -- 5.3 The icy edge of the global extractives super cycle -- 5.4 New mountains of mines and the frozen north -- 5.5 Extending the extractives complex into the cryosphere -- 5.6 Liquid relations and stratified societies -- 5.7 The frigid fringe: extractive bio-futures and the freezing depths -- 5.8 Conclusion -- References -- 6 Cultural values of glaciers -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 Three cases in the Alps, the Andes, and the North Cascades -- 6.3 Understanding the cultural values of glaciers -- 6.4 Case study 1: Stilfs, South Tirol, Italian Alps -- 6.4.1 The role of glaciers for community, identity, and self-reliance in Stilfs -- 6.5 Case study 2: Siete Imperios, Cordillera Blanca, Peru -- 6.5.1 The role of glaciers and mountains for community, identity, and self-reliance in Siete Imperios -- 6.6 Case study 3: Glacier and Concrete, North Cascades, USA -- 6.6.1 The role of glaciers and mountains for community, identity, and self-reliance in Glacier and Concrete -- 6.7 Discussion and conclusions -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Part II Processes -- 7 Implications for hazard and risk of seismic and volcanic responses to climate change in the high-mountain cryosphere -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 Ice retreat and earthquakes -- 7.3 The hazard consequences of ice retreat in volcanic landscapes -- 7.4 Future risk to society and economy and potential impacts -- 7.4.1 The seismic threat -- 7.4.2 The volcanic threat -- 7.5 Conclusions -- References -- 8 Catastrophic mass wasting in high mountains -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.2 More mass wasting because of climate change? -- 8.3 The search for causes and triggers -- 8.4 The rockslide-glacier couple -- 8.5 Rare and rapid mixtures -- 8.6 The forgotten mountains.
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8.7 Conclusions and scope for future research -- Acknowledgements -- References -- 9 Glacier- and permafrost-related slope instabilities -- 9.1 Introduction -- 9.1.1 Cryospheric rock slope systems -- 9.1.2 Prerequisites for instability -- 9.2 Glacially induced preconditioning and conditioning of alpine rock slopes -- 9.2.1 Preconditioning by long-term erosional processes -- 9.2.2 Temporal and spatial patterns of post-glacial rock slope instability -- 9.3 Permafrost-induced preconditioning and conditioning of alpine rock slopes -- 9.3.1 Instability assessment of permafrost-affected slopes -- 9.3.2 Temporal and spatial controls of permafrost-affected rock slope failure -- 9.3.2.1 Increased shear stress -- 9.3.2.2 Reduced shear resistance -- 9.4 Present-day and anticipated response of para- and periglacial rock slope systems -- 9.4.1 Reaction and relaxation time of peri/paraglacial rock slope systems -- 9.4.2 The foreseeable future: transient rock slope systems -- References -- 10 Erosion and sediment flux in mountain watersheds -- 10.1 Introduction -- 10.2 Debris flows and debris floods in high-mountain watersheds -- 10.2.1 Frequency-magnitude relations -- 10.2.2 Climate change and debris-flow activity -- 10.3 Fluvial sediment transport in steep channels -- 10.3.1 Bedload transport calculations in steep streams -- 10.3.2 Limitations of sediment availability -- 10.4 Considerations for sediment-related hazard assessment -- 10.5 Conclusions and outlook -- Acknowledgments -- References -- 11 Glaciers as water resources -- 11.1 Introduction -- 11.2 Regional review of glaciers as water resources -- 11.2.1 The Andes -- 11.2.2 The Swiss Alps -- 11.2.3 The Himalayas -- 11.2.4 Western North America -- 11.3 Summary and future research priorities -- References -- 12 Glacier floods -- 12.1 Introduction -- 12.2 Lake development and outburst processes.
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12.3 Flood form, character and geomorphological impact -- 12.4 Flood modelling and associated challenges -- 12.4.1 Flood magnitude -- 12.4.2 Proglacial flood hydraulic routing/propagation -- 12.4.3 Sediment transport -- 12.5 Identifying hazards and hazard assessment procedures -- 12.6 Managing glacier floods -- 12.7 Summary -- References -- 13 Ecosystem change in high tropical mountains -- 13.1 Introduction -- 13.2 Glacier retreat -- 13.3 Ecological change -- 13.3.1 Primary succession -- 13.3.2 Treeline shifts -- 13.3.3 Shrubland expansion -- 13.3.4 Wetlands and aquatic systems -- 13.4 Land use responses -- 13.5 Conclusions -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Part III Consequences and responses -- 14 The honour of the snow-mountains is the snow: Tibetan livelihoods in a changing climate -- 14.1 Introduction -- 14.2 Hazards and risks as cultural concepts -- 14.2.1 The central Tibetan Plateau: pastoralists coping with snowstorms -- 14.2.1.1 Coping strategies before 1959 -- 14.2.1.2 Changes in coping strategies from the 1950s until present -- 14.2.1.3 Implications for local livelihoods -- 14.2.2 The northern Himalayan slopes: historical perspectives and current challenges -- 14.2.2.1 Porong pastoralists coping with extraordinary snowstorms, sandstorms, and droughts -- 14.2.2.2 Coping with floods -- 14.2.3 The Nepal Himalaya: coping with flood risks to monasteries and livelihoods -- 14.2.3.1 Flood management in historical accounts -- 14.2.3.2 Explanations of the contemporary floods in Halji -- 14.2.3.3 Risk assessment and coping strategies -- 14.3 Conclusion -- Acknowledgements -- References -- 15 Ice-clad volcanoes -- 15.1 Explosive eruptions -- 15.2 Effusive lava eruptions -- 15.3 Pleistocene ice-clad volcanoes -- 15.4 Collapse -- 15.5 Volcano glaciers and climate -- 15.5.1 Recapitulation -- References.
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16 Debris-flow activity from high-elevation, periglacial environments -- 16.1 Introduction -- 16.2 Periglacial debris flows in the Zermatt valley: an overview -- 16.3 Periglacial debris flows in the Zermatt valley: triggers and thresholds -- 16.4 Frequency-magnitude relations of debris flows: mirrors of the state of permafrost? -- 16.5 The future of debris flows in the Zermatt valley: less, unless. . . -- 16.6 Anticipating events without historic precedence -- 16.7 Outlook and conclusions -- References -- 17 Contextualizing conflict: vital waters and competing values in glaciated environments -- 17.1 Introduction -- 17.2 Critical approaches to resource conflicts, scarcity, and governance -- 17.3 Contemporary conflicts in glaciated environments -- 17.3.1 Pascua Lama, Chile -- 17.3.2 Lake Parón, Peru -- 17.3.3 Brahmaputra Basin, China and India -- 17.4 Discussion and conclusion -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Part IV Conclusions -- 18 Synthesis and conclusions: the future of high-mountain cryospheric research -- 18.1 Introduction -- 18.2 Scale -- 18.3 Regional studies -- 18.4 Affected populations and social differentiation -- 18.5 Triggers and drivers -- 18.6 Local knowledge integration -- 18.7 Interdisciplinary teams -- References -- Index.
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