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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Variations in Rates of Biological Production in the Beaufort Gyre as the Arctic Changes: Rates From 2011 to 2016
    American Geophysical Union (AGU) ; 2019
    In:  Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans Vol. 124, No. 6 ( 2019-06), p. 3628-3644
    Details
    In: Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans, American Geophysical Union (AGU), Vol. 124, No. 6 ( 2019-06), p. 3628-3644
    Abstract: Sea ice concentration is the environmental factor that has the strongest correlation with net community production and photosynthesis Rates of net community production and total photosynthesis were significantly positively correlated with N 2 , an index of stratification One interpretation suggests that as sea ice melts, the gyre will have large increases in photosynthesis but small ones in net CO 2 drawdown
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2169-9275 , 2169-9291
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1029/2018JC014805
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Geophysical Union (AGU)
    Publication Date: 2019
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    SSG: 16,13
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  • 2
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    Model study of nutrient and phytoplankton dynamics in the Gulf of Maine: patterns and drivers for seasonal and interannual variability
    Oxford University Press (OUP) ; 2015
    In:  ICES Journal of Marine Science Vol. 72, No. 2 ( 2015-01-01), p. 388-402
    Details
    In: ICES Journal of Marine Science, Oxford University Press (OUP), Vol. 72, No. 2 ( 2015-01-01), p. 388-402
    Abstract: Coupled physical–biological modelling experiments were made for the period of 1995–2009 to analyse the spatial and interannual variability of nutrients and phytoplankton production in the Gulf of Maine (GOM). The physical model was the Finite-Volume Community Ocean Model (FVCOM) and the biological model was a Nitrogen, Phytoplankton, Zooplankton, and Detritus (NPZD) model. The simulation was carried out with realistic meteorological surface forcing, five major tidal constituents, river discharge, and observation-based open boundary conditions. The results were robust with comparison to SeaWiFS chlorophyll data and historical data of nitrogen. An Empirical Orthogonal Function analysis clearly identified two dominant modes in nutrient and phytoplankton dynamics: (1) sustained nutrient supply and phytoplankton production from spring through autumn, and (2) a dominating phytoplankton bloom in spring, relatively low production in summer, and a noticeable bloom in autumn. Mode 1 was a dominant feature in strong tidal energy dissipation regions such as the southwestern shelf of Nova Scotia, Georges Bank, Nantucket Shoals, the Bay of Fundy, and the coastal regions of GOM, where tidal pumping and mixing were the major drivers for the sustained nutrient supply, and primary production showed certain resilience with less interannual variability. Mode 2 was a characteristic in the deep Gulf, the offshore region of the Scotian Shelf, and in the open sea area, where the timing and amplitude of the spring phytoplankton bloom is essentially controlled by the salinity regime, and its interannual variability was significantly influenced by freshening events controlled by local and remote forcing.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1095-9289 , 1054-3139
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1093/icesjms/fsu090
    Language: English
    Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
    Publication Date: 2015
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    SSG: 21,3
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  • 3
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    An exploratory study of heterotrophic protists of the mesopelagic Mediterranean Sea
    Oxford University Press (OUP) ; 2019
    In:  ICES Journal of Marine Science Vol. 76, No. 3 ( 2019-05-01), p. 616-625
    Details
    In: ICES Journal of Marine Science, Oxford University Press (OUP), Vol. 76, No. 3 ( 2019-05-01), p. 616-625
    Abstract: Is there a mesopelagic protist fauna composed of species different from that of the overlying surface community? Does the mesopelagic community show seasonal changes in abundances and species composition? We addressed these questions by considering three distinct groups in which species identification is relatively unambiguous: tintinnid ciliates, phaeodarian radiolarians, and amphisolenid dinoflagellates. We sampled weekly at 250 m and 30 m depth from January to June a deep-water coastal site characterized by seasonal changes in water column structure; notably, in winter the mixed layer extends down into mesopelagic depths. We found a deep-water community of tintinnid ciliates comprised of forms apparently restricted to deep waters and species also found in the surface layer. This latter group was dominant during the winter mixis period when tintinnid concentrations were highest and subsequently declined with water column stratification. Phaeodarian radiolarians and the amphisolenid dinoflagellates were regularly found in deep samples but were largely absent from surface water samples and showed distinct patterns in the mesopelagic. Phaeodarian radiolarians declined with water column mixing and then increased in concentration with water column stratification whilst amphisolenid dinoflagellates concentrations showed no pattern but species composition varied. We conclude that for all three protists groups there appear to be both distinct mesopelagic forms and seasonal patterns.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1054-3139 , 1095-9289
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1093/icesjms/fsx218
    Language: English
    Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
    Publication Date: 2019
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  • 4
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    Online Resource
    Examining the ecological role of jellyfish in the Eastern Bering Sea
    Oxford University Press (OUP) ; 2020
    In:  ICES Journal of Marine Science Vol. 77, No. 2 ( 2020-03-01), p. 791-802
    Details
    In: ICES Journal of Marine Science, Oxford University Press (OUP), Vol. 77, No. 2 ( 2020-03-01), p. 791-802
    Abstract: Within the Eastern Bering Sea, the jellyfish Chrysaora melanaster has fluctuated widely over recent decades. We examined the role of C. melanaster as an ecosystem-structuring agent via application of ecosystem models representing inner-, mid-, and outer-shelf regions of comparable areal coverage. Chrysaora melanaster utilize 1% of total mid-shelf consumer production, or 1/4th the energy required by forage fish (capelin Mallotus villosus, Pacific herring Clupea pallasii, age-0 Pacific cod Gadus macrocephalus, age-0 walleye pollock Gadus chalcogrammus). Model simulations show the impacts of C. melanaster are broadly distributed across consumer groups with increasingly negative impacts with higher jellyfish biomass. Age-0 pollock represent the greater part of the forage fish biomass, and observed pollock biomass during low jellyfish years (2004–2007) was significantly greater than during high jellyfish years (2009–2014). However, sensitivity among consumer groups to observed jellyfish variability is small, within 5% of baseline (2004–2015) conditions. Estimates using similar models for the Coastal Gulf of Alaska (CGoA) and Northern California Current (NCC) suggest large differences in the role of scyphozoans among northern Pacific shelf ecosystems. Only 0.1% of total summer consumer production is required to support CGoA Chrysaora, while the coastal NCC population uses 19%.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1054-3139 , 1095-9289
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1093/icesjms/fsz244
    Language: English
    Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
    Publication Date: 2020
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  • 5
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    Online Resource
    Trophic interactions and diel feeding rhythms of microzooplankton in a productive Swedish Fjord
    Oxford University Press (OUP) ; 2020
    In:  ICES Journal of Marine Science Vol. 77, No. 7-8 ( 2020-12-01), p. 2718-2728
    Details
    In: ICES Journal of Marine Science, Oxford University Press (OUP), Vol. 77, No. 7-8 ( 2020-12-01), p. 2718-2728
    Abstract: Microzooplankton play a pivotal role in the energy transfer between lower and upper trophic levels in marine planktonic food webs. While laboratory data suggest that microzooplankton exhibit higher feeding rates during the daytime, evidence from the field is scarce and contradictory. In this study, we first characterized the nano- and microplanktonic communities of the Gullmar Fjord (Sweden) and its environmental conditions during July and August 2017. Then, we explored the grazing impact of microzooplankton on the phytoplankton community of this ecosystem and assessed their diel grazing activity using the dilution technique. Finally, we evaluated the impact of mesozooplankton at natural concentrations during the experiments. Microzooplankton removed 26% of the phytoplankton standing stock and 96% of the primary production daily, while mesozooplankton did not exert a significant impact on microplankton activity. We did not detect significant diel microzooplankton grazing rhythms during the first experimental period; however, during the second part of the study, after an upwelling event, grazing rates were significantly higher during the night. Therefore, the microzooplankton grazing rhythm in natural systems may vary according to the species composition and abundances of both microzooplankton and prey communities.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1095-9289
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1093/icesjms/fsaa137
    Language: English
    Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
    Publication Date: 2020
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  • 6
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    Online Resource
    Interannual variability of gelatinous mesozooplankton in a temperate shelf sea: greater abundance coincides with cooler sea surface temperatures
    Oxford University Press (OUP) ; 2021
    In:  ICES Journal of Marine Science Vol. 78, No. 4 ( 2021-08-20), p. 1372-1385
    Details
    In: ICES Journal of Marine Science, Oxford University Press (OUP), Vol. 78, No. 4 ( 2021-08-20), p. 1372-1385
    Abstract: Although gelatinous zooplankton are an important component of marine ecosystems, gelatinous mesozooplankton that are & lt;2 cm are underrepresented in monitoring programmes. Here, the interannual variability of gelatinous mesozooplankton abundance and diversity was estimated from 167 zooplankton net samples that were collected in the Celtic Sea during seven fisheries surveys between 2007 and 2019 and analysed alongside environmental parameters. Compositional changes occurred interannually, including an overturn in the abundance ratio of two siphonophores (Muggiaea atlantica and Agalma elegans). Analysis of annual mean gelatinous abundance revealed no linear trend over time (Spearman, r = −0.09, p = 0.287); however, the interannual abundance varied by a factor of 33 (minimum mean abundance in 2013 = 7.36 ± 4.86 individuals m−3; maximum in 2017 = 244.82 ± 84.59 individuals m−3). Holoplanktonic taxa dominated the abundance of the gelatinous community (93.27%) and their abundance was negatively associated with summer sea surface temperature (represented by the 16°C isotherm in July), and the Eastern Atlantic Pattern index 3 months prior (April). Our data suggest that gelatinous mesozooplankton in the Celtic Sea may become less abundant with further ocean warming, and further highlight the need to monitor gelatinous mesozooplankton with a high taxonomic resolution moving forward.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1054-3139 , 1095-9289
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1093/icesjms/fsab030
    Language: English
    Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
    Publication Date: 2021
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  • 7
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    Reassessment of the life cycle of the pteropod Limacina helicina from a high resolution interannual time series in the temperate North Pacific
    Oxford University Press (OUP) ; 2017
    In:  ICES Journal of Marine Science Vol. 74, No. 7 ( 2017-10-01), p. 1906-1920
    Details
    In: ICES Journal of Marine Science, Oxford University Press (OUP), Vol. 74, No. 7 ( 2017-10-01), p. 1906-1920
    Abstract: Limacina helicina is the dominant pelagic gastropod mollusc species in temperate and polar ecosystems, where it contributes significantly to food webs and vertical flux. Currently, considerable uncertainty exists in the interpretation of L. helicina’s life cycle, hindering our understanding of its potential responses to environmental change. Here, we present size-frequency data on L. helicina collected from three consecutive years (2008–2010) in a North Pacific temperate fjord. Two methods of length-frequency analysis were used to infer the growth of L. helicina, i.e. linking successive means extracted from finite-mixture distributions, and using the ELEFAN software to fit seasonally oscillating versions of the von Bertalanffy growth equation to the available length-frequency data. Against a background of continuous low level spawning between spring and autumn, both approaches identified two sets of major cohorts, i.e. (i) spring cohorts (G1) spawned in March/April by (ii) overwintering cohorts (G). G overwintered with minimal to low growth, before undergoing rapid growth the following spring and completing the cycle by spawning the G1 generation and disappearing from the population by May/June. Our findings are discussed in the context of L. helicina response to climate change.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1054-3139 , 1095-9289
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1093/icesjms/fsx014
    Language: English
    Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
    Publication Date: 2017
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  • 8
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    Online Resource
    Interannual zooplankton variability in the main pathways of the Atlantic water flow into the Arctic Ocean (Fram Strait and Barents Sea branches)
    Oxford University Press (OUP) ; 2017
    In:  ICES Journal of Marine Science Vol. 74, No. 7 ( 2017-10-01), p. 1921-1936
    Details
    In: ICES Journal of Marine Science, Oxford University Press (OUP), Vol. 74, No. 7 ( 2017-10-01), p. 1921-1936
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1054-3139 , 1095-9289
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1093/icesjms/fsx033
    Language: English
    Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
    Publication Date: 2017
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2463178-4
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1468003-8
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 29056-7
    SSG: 12
    SSG: 21,3
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  • 9
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    Environmental drivers and trends in forage fish occupancy of the Northeast US shelf
    Oxford University Press (OUP) ; 2021
    In:  ICES Journal of Marine Science Vol. 78, No. 10 ( 2021-12-15), p. 3687-3708
    Details
    In: ICES Journal of Marine Science, Oxford University Press (OUP), Vol. 78, No. 10 ( 2021-12-15), p. 3687-3708
    Abstract: The Northeast US shelf ecosystem is undergoing unprecedented changes due to long-term warming trends and shifts in regional hydrography leading to changes in community composition. However, it remains uncertain how shelf occupancy by the region's dominant, offshore small pelagic fishes, also known as forage fishes, has changed throughout the late 20th and early 21st centuries. Here, we use species distribution models to estimate the change in shelf occupancy, mean weighted latitude, and mean weighted depth of six forage fishes on the Northeast US shelf, and whether those trends were linked to coincident hydrographic conditions. Our results suggest that observed shelf occupancy is increasing or unchanging for most species in both spring and fall, linked both to gear shifts and increasing bottom temperature and salinity. Exceptions include decreases to observed shelf occupancy by sand lance and decreases to Atlantic herring's inferred habitat suitability in the fall. Our work shows that changes in shelf occupancy and inferred habitat suitability have varying coherence, indicating complex mechanisms behind observed shelf occupancy for many species. Future work and management can use these results to better isolate the aspects of forage fish life histories that are important for determining their occupancy of the Northeast US shelf.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1054-3139 , 1095-9289
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1093/icesjms/fsab214
    Language: English
    Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
    Publication Date: 2021
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    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1468003-8
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    SSG: 21,3
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  • 10
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    Size-fractioned zooplankton biomass in the Barents Sea ecosystem: changes during four decades of warming and four capelin collapses (1980–2020)
    Oxford University Press (OUP) ; 2023
    In:  ICES Journal of Marine Science ( 2023-04-12)
    Details
    In: ICES Journal of Marine Science, Oxford University Press (OUP), ( 2023-04-12)
    Abstract: Zooplankton in the Barents Sea has been monitored by the Institute of Marine Research in Norway on autumn cruises since 1986, using a standardized procedure with determination of dry weight biomass in three size fractions following splitting of the sample in two halves. Along with summer data for the early 1980s, we can now describe changes of zooplankton biomass over four decades. The biomass of the central Barents Sea has fluctuated inversely with collapses and recoveries of the Barents Sea capelin stock, which is a major planktivore. Zooplankton biomass in the central Barents Sea was low in 1983 and 1984, driven by low abundance of Calanus finmarchicus, followed by a pronounced peak in 1987 associated with a “first” collapse of the capelin stock. Biomass showed another pronounced peak in 1994, driven by the small size fraction and interpreted to reflect an advective signal from the adjacent Norwegian Sea. In the two most recent decades, there have been divergent trends, with a relatively high biomass in the inflowing Atlantic water, reflecting a second summer generation of C. finmarchicus, and decreased biomass in the central area, reflecting a lower abundance of Calanus glacialis driven by a combined effect of capelin predation and climate.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1054-3139 , 1095-9289
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1093/icesjms/fsad057
    Language: English
    Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
    Publication Date: 2023
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    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1468003-8
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 29056-7
    SSG: 12
    SSG: 21,3
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