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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Basal cell adenocarcinoma in minor salivary glands (2003)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Histopathology 42 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2559
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Basal cell adenocarcinoma is a rare and relatively recently characterized malignant salivary gland tumour, the malignant counterpart of basal cell adenoma. Diagnosis depends on finding features similar to adenoma but with an infiltrative growth pattern and exclusion of adenoid cystic carcinoma, sialoblastoma and basaloid squamous carcinoma. Basal cell adenocarcinoma is very rarely reported in minor salivary glands. We report three cases of basal cell adenocarcinoma affecting the labial, buccal and palatal minor salivary glands. One recurred following complete removal but with lesional disruption and further local wide excision appeared curative. A further lesion failed to recur in 5 years' follow-up despite marginal excision and a third after 3 years' follow-up. Basal cell adenocarcinoma is considered a low-grade malignancy, and in the minor glands wide excision and radiotherapy are recommended. However, the reported lesions appear to have a more indolent behaviour than previously reported lesions in minor glands.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2559.2003.01651.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Immobile plasticizer in flexible PVC (1998)
    [s.l.] : Macmillan Magazines Ltd.
    Nature 396 (1998), S. 638-638 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Plasticized poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) is one of the most widely used polymeric materials in medical and related applications, and usually contains up to 40 per cent di-(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate (DEHP), which acts as the ‘plasticizer’ to impart flexibility to an otherwise rigid PVC. ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/25275
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Histopathological evaluation of polymethyl methacrylate as an embolic agent (1992)
    Springer
    Acta neurochirurgica 117 (1992), S. 30-33 
    Details
    ISSN: 0942-0940
    Keywords: Polymethyl methacrylate ; embolic agent ; histotoxicity ; cyanoacrylates
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) microspheres were used as an embolic agent to reduce the vascularity in eight patients with intracranial vascular tumours. Post embolization angiograms showed 30–60% reduction in the vascularity of the tumours. No patient developed any neurological complications in the immediate post-embolization period. These eight patients subsequently underwent surgery for the removal of their tumours. During surgery there was minimal blood loss and a good plane of cleavage was obtained between the tumour and the adjacent brain. The surgical specimens were examined histopathologically for the effects of PMMA. PMMA microspheres, in contrast to other cyano-acrylates — Isobutyl-2-cyano-acrylate (IBCA) — did not elicit either inflammatory reaction or mural angionecrosis within the wall of the embolised vessels. The histopathological studies suggest that PMMA microspheres are an inert material and can be used as an adjunct in the management of intracranial vascular tumours.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01400631
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Radiation grafting of hydrophilic monomers on to plasticized poly(vinyl chloride) sheets (1990)
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 1 (1990), S. 185-191 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4838
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: Abstract Medical-grade plasticized poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) sheets were surface modified using gamma-radiation grafting of a combination of hydrophilic monomers based on 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) and N-vinyl pyrrolidone (NVP). The modified surfaces were evaluated for their surface properties using contact angle measurements, phase-contrast photomicroscopy and scanning electron microscopy. Surface energy calculations of the modified surfaces indicated that the surfaces became highly hydrophilic when grafted with even a 1% (v/v) solution of HEMA-NVP combination in the presence of 0.005m CuSO4. Migration of the plasticizer di(2-ethylhexyl phthalate) (DEHP) from the grafted sheets was examined in hydrocarbon solvents such as n-hexane, n-heptane and n-octane and in extractant media such as cotton seed oil and polyethylene glycol-400 (PEG-400). The migration from modified sheets was found to be 〈4% of the migration from unmodified control sheets in hydrocarbon solvents at 30° C over a period of 5 h. Accelerated leaching studies in cotton seed oil and PEG-400 demonstrated that virtually no plasticizer migrated out in the former over a period of 96 h whereas the rate of migration in the latter medium showed only a mild reduction. The migration behaviour was Fickian in nature for grafted sheets. The method described may be useful as a simple, versatile technique for preventing plasticizer migration from plasticized PVC for medical applications.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00701075
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Radiation grafting of hydrophilic monomers onto plasticized poly(vinyl chloride) sheets (1991)
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 2 (1991), S. 56-61 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4838
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: Abstract Medical grade poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) sheets were surface modified by grafting a combination of 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) and N-vinyl pyrrolidone (NVP) or NVP alone using gamma radiation in an effort to retard the migration of the plasticizer from the PVC matrix. Presence of cupric ions at a concentration of 0.005m was found to be optimal in not only preventing the homopolymerization of the monomers but also producing the highest graft yield at all monomer concentrations used for grafting. The grafted PVC was characterized for its water absorption properties. Surface morphology of the grafted surface was examined using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). PVC sheets grafted on both sides as well as on one side were characterized for their physical and mechanical properties in order to assess their suitability in biomedical applications. While the tensile strength and percentage elongation values of PVC sheets grafted on both sides showed a downward trend with increasing graft yield, these properties were not drastically affected by surface modification on one side only at graft yields pertinent to prevent the migration of the plasticizer. Measurement of Shore A hardness and optical transparency of the migration resistant sheetings showed that such properties were not seriously affected by surface modification thus rendering them suitable for their intended applications.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00701688
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Endovascular embolization using hydrogel microspheres (1994)
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 5 (1994), S. 723-727 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4838
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: Controlled alkaline hydrolysis of crosslinked poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) microspheres produced highly hydrophilic, smooth, compressible, nearly perfect microspheres having a range of water content 40–95%. These particles were found to possess many desirable properties as a material for therapeutic embolization. After successful toxicological and animal evaluation, these particles were used to treat various ailments such as arteriovenous malformations (AVM) of the brain, spinal cord, limbs, face and trunks, preoperative devascularization of tumours and in the management of severe life-threatening haemoptysis and haematemesis in clinical trials involving over 90 patients at this Institute. The results of these studies appeared to be very encouraging. The material is found to be an ideal embolic agent in all these clinical situations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00120364
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Preparation and properties of barium sulphate and methyl iothalamate loaded poly(vinyl alcohol) microspheres as radiopaque particulate emboli (1991)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Biomaterials 2 (1991), S. 67-72 
    Details
    ISSN: 1045-4861
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: Poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) microspheres impregnated with barium sulphate and methyl iothalamate, having diameters raning from 100 to 1500 μm were prepared by the glutaraldehyde cross-linking of an aqueous dispersion of PVA containing the radiopaques in paraffin oil using dioctyl sulfosuccinate (DOS) as the stabilizing agent and thionyl chloride as the catalyst. while the use of thionyl chloride allowed the formation of spherical, nonaggregatory beads, other catalysts such as magnesium chloride and hydrochloric acid gave rise to an agglomerated product. The radiopaques were found to be firmly trapped inside the microspheres as they did not leach out on prolonged standing in water, on sonication, or on steam sterilization. Microspheres with pores and channels were also made by incorporating a fine powder of methyl methacrylate along with barium sulphate during their preparation and washing out the polymer after the microspheres were formed. The porous nature of such microspheres was confirmed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Microspheres containing the radiopaques exhibited hydrophilicity, swelling ability, and compressibility to a significant extent. the radiopaque nature of the microspheres was confirmed by their x-ray images. In vitro tests using heparinized calf blood showed that the microspheres were nonhaemolytic in nature. These microspheres may find application as radiopaque emboli in particulate embolization.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jab.770020202
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Synthesis and polymerization of some iodine-containing monomers for biomedical applications (1992)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 44 (1992), S. 743-748 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Triiodophenol and iothalamic acid (5-acetamido-2,4,6-triio-N-methyl isophthalamic acid) were converted to their acrylic derivatives by esterfication with methacryloyl chloride and 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA), respectively. The monomers due to presence of heavy iodine atoms were expected to be radiopaque in nature. The monomers were characterized using TLC, IR, and 1H-NMR spectroscopy. Both monomers were highly resistant to homopolymerization and copolymerization with other acrylic monomers such as methyl methacrylate (MMA) or HEMA by initiators such as 2,2′-azobis isobutyronitriie (AIBN) or benzoyl peroxide (BPO) yielding only polymers of low molecular weight. The polymers obtained were charactrized by gel permeation chromatography (GPC) and differential thermal analysis (DTA). The resistance to polymerization is presumably due to the presence of bulky iodine atoms in the monomers sterically hindering the propagation step. The decomposition temperatures of the homopolymers and copolymers were close to 300°. Copolymers of HEMA with both radiopaque monomers incorporated to the extent of 25 wt % in the feed, however, produced polymers with good radiopacity. Copolymers with HEMA were also prepared in the form of microspheres by a solvent evaporation method with the aim of using them as particles in therapeutic embolization. While the polymer based on triiodophenol was found to cause extensive blood haemolysis in in vitro tests, polymer based on iothalamic acid was found to be nonhemolytic in character suggesting that copolymers based on iothalamic acid would be suitable for implantation in the living tissue.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1992.070440421
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Preparation of hydrogel beads from crosslinked poly(methyl methacrylate) microspheres by alkaline hydrolysis (1990)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 39 (1990), S. 1153-1161 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Poly(methyl methacrylate)/(PMMA) microspheres crosslinked with various concentrations of ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EGDM) were prepared by a suspension polymerization procedure. They were subjected to alkaline hydrolysis in ethylene glycol at high temperature (〉 175°C), resulting in the rapid conversion of methacrylate ester functions to methacrylic acid, while retaining the spherical shape of the microspheres intact. The method provides a novel approach to obtain smooth, nearly perfect spherical, mechanically strong, high water-absorbing hydrogel beads from crosslinked PMMA. The reaction has been found to be considerably faster than many of the hydrolysis procedures reported previously. The effect of concentration of alkali, particle size, crosslinking density, and reaction time on the extent of hydrolysis has been investigated to a limited extent.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1990.070390510
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Photocrosslinking of azidated poly(vinyl chloride) coated onto plasticized PVC surface: Route to containing plasticizer migration (1995)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 56 (1995), S. 1187-1195 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The migration of phthalate esters which are commonly employed for plasticizing poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) is a significant problem in PVC-based medical devices as well as in packaging used for food stuffs and pharmaceuticals. Medical-grade PVC resin was treated with sodium azide in dimethylformamide (DMF) to prepare the azide polymer. The polymeric azide was coated onto the surface of plasticized PVC sheets by dipping in a solution of the polymer in tetrahydrofuran (THF). Crosslinking of the azide polymer was accomplished by irradiating the surface using a 125 W UV lamp for various lengths of time. Migration of the plasticizer di 2-(ethylhexyl phthalate) (DEHP) from coated and uncoated samples was examined in n-hexane at 30°C. It was found that 50-80% reduction in migration of DEHP could be effected from plasticized PVC in comparison with the controls in 72 h by this technique depending on the concentration of the coating solution, coating thickness, azide concentration, and irradiation dose. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1995.070561001
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