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  • 1
    ISSN: 1439-6327
    Keywords: Spinal cord-injured subjects ; Wheelchair exercise testing ; Treadmill ; Peak oxygen uptake ; Power output
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Six male subjects with spinal cord injuries (SCI) participated in this investigation to compare peak values of oxygen uptake ( $$\dot V$$ O2). heart rate (f c), ventilation ( $$\dot V$$ E), respiratory exchange ratio (R) and power output (W) obtained using a discontinuous (DP) and a continuous jump max protocol (JMP) in a maximal wheelchair exercise test on a treadmill. The W increments were achieved by imposing an extra mass upon the wheelchair through a pulley system. The DP involved exercise periods of 3 min separated by 2-min intervals at relative rest. Increments in W consisted of 0.10 or 0.15 W · kg−1 total mass. During the rest intervals no mass was imposed on the wheelchair. The JMP involved an increase in W each minute. Increments and velocity in the JMP were the same as during the exercise periods for DP. Mean peak values for W [99.5 (SD 13.6) W], $$\dot V$$ O2 [2.13 (SD 0.27) l · min−1, standard temperature and pressure, dry], R [1.25 (SD 0.16)] and $$\dot V$$ E [82.8 (SD 11.2) l · min−1, body temperature and pressure, saturated] in DP were not different from values observed for W [103.5 (SD 13.1)], $$\dot V$$ O2 [2.18 (SD 0.31) l · min−1], R [1.17 (SD 0.16)] and $$\dot V$$ E [78.9 (SD 16.0) l · min−1] in the JMP. The only significant difference was observed for f c: 198 (SD 11) beats · min−1 in DP and 187 (SD 11) beats · min−1 in JMP. The higher values for f c elicited using DP have been discussed. It was concluded that both a DP and a JMP seem to be equally appropriate in determining peak $$\dot V$$ O2 and peak W in SCI persons. In terms of time saving, JMP would seem to be a more favourable protocol.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2024-04-20
    Description: This dataset contains the global fraction of lightning fires and burned area from lightning, and associated uncertainties, at 0.5 degree resolution. The dataset is representative for contemporary fire regimes (between 2001 and 2020). The dataset is based on a statistical model with three geospatial predictor variables: the seasonal correlation between lightning and burned area, the seasonal correlation between fire weather and burned area, and the fraction of low impact land. These variables are derivatives from remote sensing products. The statistical model was calibrated and validated with fire cause reference data from seven different parts of the world: USA including Alaska, Canada, Portugal, southern France, Yakutia (Russia), Victoria (Australia) and Tasmania (Australia). The statistical model explained 53 % of the variability in the reference data for the fraction of lightning fires, and 39 % for the burned area from lightning. All other relevant datasets from the study, processed to 0.5 degree resolution, are also provided. These include burned land, seasonal correlation between lightning and burned area, seasonal correlation between fire weather and burned area, low impact land, fire cause reference data, intact forests, fire-related forest loss, carbon combustion and future lightning projections.
    Keywords: burned area; fire; global; lightning
    Type: Dataset
    Format: application/x-hdf, 16.8 MBytes
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2013-08-15
    Description: Analytical Chemistry DOI: 10.1021/ac401055y
    Print ISSN: 0003-2700
    Electronic ISSN: 1520-6882
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2015-04-17
    Description: Investigation of isotope effects in ozone (O 3 ) photolysis and its contribution to the overall ozone isotope composition is difficult since photolysis always leads to secondary O 3 formation and O 3 decomposition by reactions with O( 3 P). Here we use a large excess of carbon monoxide (CO) as O( 3 P) quencher to suppress O( 3 P) + O 3 . This allows disentangling the isotope effects in photolysis and chemical removal when the data are evaluated with a kinetic model. The largest systematic uncertainty arises from an unidentified O 3 removal reaction, which is responsible for an unaccounted-for 20% of the total removal rate. Assuming no isotope fractionation in this reaction we find = ( 16 J / 18 J – 1) = −16.1 (±1.4)‰ and = −8.05 (±0.7)‰ for O 3 photolysis and = ( 16 k / 18 k – 1) = −11.9 (±1.4)‰ and = −5.95 (±0.7)‰ for chemical removal via O( 3 P) + O 3 . Allowing for isotope fractionation in the unidentified reaction results in lower fra ctionation values for photolysis and higher fractionations for chemical removal. Several fractionation scenarios are examined, which constrain the fractionation in photolysis to 〉 −9.4‰ and 〉 −4.7‰ and in the chemical removal to 〈 −18.6‰ and 〈 −9.3‰. Both fractionations are thus significant and of similar magnitude. Because our measurements are dominated by photolysis in the peak region of the Chappuis band, isotope fractionation of atmospheric O 3 by visible photons should also be in the same range. The isotope fractionation factor for O + O 3 directly bears on ozone chemistry in the lower thermosphere.
    Print ISSN: 0148-0227
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
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