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  • 1
    Type of Medium: Book
    Pages: III, 29 Bl , graph. Darst
    Series Statement: Reference / Department of Oceanography 71-19T
    Language: English
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  • 2
    Type of Medium: Book
    Pages: VIII, 37 Bl , graph. Darst
    Series Statement: Reference / Department of Oceanography 69-17T
    Language: English
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  • 3
    Type of Medium: Book
    Pages: III, 27 Bl , graph. Darst
    Series Statement: Reference / Department of Oceanography 71-16T
    Language: English
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  • 4
    Type of Medium: Book
    Series Statement: Contributions in oceanography 601
    Language: English
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  • 5
    Type of Medium: Book
    Pages: VII, 36 Bl , graph. Darst
    Series Statement: Reference / Department of Oceanography 69-16T
    Language: English
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Pure and applied geophysics 63 (1966), S. 179-195 
    ISSN: 1420-9136
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Summary A layer of a few hundred meters thickness with suspended matter (a nepheloid zone) was discovered byEwing andThorndike [4]3) near the bottom on the continental slope of the North Atlantic. A downward pressure gradient is produced in this layer due to increment of water density with suspensoid. When only the Coriolis force balances with this pressure gradient, a bottom nepheloid current flows southwestward parallel to the depth contours with a velocity of about 10 (cm/sec) for a slope of one degree. The pressure gradient for fluid with locally variable density above a sloping bottom is treated and an extra term due to density gradient along the slope is derived. The vertical profiles of the nepheloid current with an effect on the vertical eddy viscosity are computed. Two kinds of vertical distributions of eddy viscosity are determined from the observed nepheloid distributions and used in the calculations: constant but different values at two layers and those increasing with height. The effect of the change of density along the bottom is treated by introducing dimensionless variables. Rossby number of the nepheloid current becomes about 10−2 indicating inertia terms to be negligible. Rossby number of turbidity currents ranges from 2 (in a decaying area) to 5 (developing area), suggesting that inertia terms are more important than Coriolis terms. The trajectories of turbidity currents are computed from motion of a mass of mud under the Coriolis force and friction, and the results are applied to those inferred byHand andEmery [6] in the San Diego Through off California.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Pure and applied geophysics 67 (1967), S. 143-155 
    ISSN: 1420-9136
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Summary Bathythermograms just off the northern edge of the Gulf Stream often show temperature inversions, while those in the Gulf Stream and the Sargasso Sea do not show such features. A similar situation was found in the Kuroshio area. TheT-S curve obtained off Cape Hatteras with a bathysalinograph and a bathythermograph indicates that the temperature inversions correspond to high salinity and less stable density stratification. Sequential surface temperature charts suggest that the inversions may be caused by sinking of the warm and saline Gulf Stream water. When such water is driven into the slope water region, it is cooled by mixing or heat transfer to the atmosphere, but retains its high salinity and sinks. A simple mathematical model is developed based on an assumption that an isolated water mass is enclosed in a parcel with a flexible and permeable membrane. The initial density inside the parcel is different from the one outside and the water mixes with the surrounding water. When it is assumed that mixing of temperature occurs faster than that of salinity, the isolated Gulf Stream water sinks to an equilibrium depth, causing temperature peaks and inversions in the subsurface layer.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Pure and applied geophysics 51 (1962), S. 108-119 
    ISSN: 1420-9136
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Summary Meridional cross sections of temperature, salinity and oxygen of the North Pacific Ocean are prepared to show location of the intermediate water, which is formed at the polar front and spreads on constantsigma-t surfaces. Geostrophic flow in a meridional plane is obtained by dynamic calculation. Friction-driven meridional circulation is determined from the zonally averaged density distribution. The latter flow seems to be more appropriate for explanation of mechanism of spread of the water.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Pure and applied geophysics 96 (1972), S. 205-216 
    ISSN: 1420-9136
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Summary Eleven STD stations by lowering and raising the sensor were occupied about 170 n. miles northeast of Cape Hatteras in June, 1968. The stations were located in the slope water region covered by the upper warm water from the Gulf Stream. Power spectra of temperature and salinity fluctuations at 1-meter depth intervals were computed versus vertical wave numbers for the upper layer (5–320 m) and lower layer (320–1000 m) at each station. The power law coefficients of the spectra about the vertical wave number are between −5/3 and −3. These coefficients indicate that the temperature and salinity fluctuations are influenced by stratification as well as by turbulence.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Pure and applied geophysics 119 (1980), S. 294-308 
    ISSN: 1420-9136
    Keywords: Aerial photography ; Ocean surface layer pollution
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The industrial waste dumped 180 n. miles south of Galveston was monitored in July 1977 by water sampling, hydrographic measurements, acoustic tracking on board two vessels, and by aerial photography. The plume of the waste diffused vertically and horizontally. Photodensitometry of aerial photos of the plume showed lateral dispersion of the plume in agreement with two other methods: acoustic tracking of the waste suspensoid and transmissometer sampling. In addition, the method showed small scale features like the lateral and longitudinal variations in the photodensity, indicating the waste concentration. This waste concentration showed periodic changes in its axial distance, with the spectral peak at about 160 m wave length. It shows a sharp increase at the windward edge of the plume as do the acoustic records. This phenomenon is explained in terms of the shearing current near the surface together with vertical diffusion. The periodic change along the axis is explained in terms of the Langmuir circulation and in terms of internal ship waves.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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