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  • 1
    Book
    Book
    Cambridge : Cambridge University Press
    Keywords: Marine algae Ecophysiology ; Marine algae Ecophysiology ; Meeresalgen ; Autökologie
    Type of Medium: Book
    Pages: xiv, 551 Seiten , Illustrationen, Diagramme , 25 cm
    Edition: Second edition
    ISBN: 9780521145954
    DDC: 579.8177
    RVK:
    Language: English
    Note: Originally published: Seaweed ecology and physiology / Christopher S. Lobban, Paul J. Harrison. Cambridge ; New York : Cambridge University Press, 1994. - Includes bibliographical references. - Hier auch später erschienene, unveränderte Nachdrucke
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Hydrobiologia 346 (1997), S. 119-128 
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: boundary-layers ; nutrient uptake ; diffusion ; macrophyte ; kelp for submission to Hydrobiologia as a paper
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract This paper describes a model of the diffusive boundary-layer around anaquatic macrophyte blade. Nutrient uptake at the base of the modelledboundary-layer was examined using previously published laboratory data. Theanalysis showed that, over the outer velocity range 0.01–0.16ms−1, nutrient uptake varied between that predicted byflat-plate boundary-layer theory and that expected with no mean advection. Aratio of theoretical and actual nutrient uptake rates was defined as a meansof categorising the transition between the two transport models. Themodelling was extended to show how fluctuating boundary conditions mayenhance nutrient uptake by the macrophyte; the scenario examined heresuggested that at otherwise low outer velocities, periodic stripping of theboundary-layer by passing waves increased nutrient uptake by a factor of 10.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Hydrobiologia 398-399 (1999), S. 487-494 
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: aquaculture ; harvesting ; New Zealand ; phycocolloid ; seaweed
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract In 1988, the New Zealand government instituted a moratorium on the issue of licenses to harvest wild stocks of marine macroalgae. In the intervening years, exports of algal products from New Zealand have declined while imports have increased. Exports of agar have decreased by 85%. For algal food products, exports have decreased while imports have increased by 500%. Collection of unattached rhodophytes requires no permit, and some special exemptions to the permit moratorium were made for abalone farmers, so seaweed continues to be harvested from wild stocks. In 1997, the two main rhodophyte genera harvested were Pterocladia and Gracilaria, with approximately 60 and 100 t dry weight harvested respectively. The two main phaeophyte genera harvested were Macrocystis and Durvillaea, with 51.8 and 34.5 t (wet weight) harvested respectively. Algal farming in New Zealand is still in its infancy; while there are 72 farms licensed to grow seaweed (owned by 29 different ent ities), only 12 of these are actively producing algae. Approximately 6 t (wet weight) was cultured in 1995, and the majority was used as feedstock for animals cultured at the same sites.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2022-04-06
    Description: Abstract Marine coastal zones are highly productive, and dominated by engineer species (e.g. macrophytes, molluscs, corals) that modify the chemistry of their surrounding seawater via their metabolism, causing substantial fluctuations in oxygen, dissolved inorganic carbon, pH, and nutrients. The magnitude of these biologically driven chemical fluctuations is regulated by hydrodynamics, can exceed values predicted for the future open ocean, and creates chemical patchiness in subtidal areas at various spatial (µm to meters) and temporal (minutes to months) scales. Although the role of hydrodynamics is well explored for planktonic communities, its influence as a crucial driver of benthic organism and community functioning is poorly addressed, particularly in the context of ocean global change. Hydrodynamics can directly modulate organismal physiological activity or indirectly influence an organism's performance by modifying its habitat. This review addresses recent developments in (i) the influence of hydrodynamics on the biological activity of engineer species, (ii) the description of chemical habitats resulting from the interaction between hydrodynamics and biological activity, (iii) the role of these chemical habitat as refugia against ocean acidification and deoxygenation, and (iv) how species living in such chemical habitats may respond to ocean global change. Recommendations are provided to integrate the effect of hydrodynamics and environmental fluctuations in future research, to better predict the responses of coastal benthic ecosystems to ongoing ocean global change.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , isiRev
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2023-03-14
    Keywords: Change; Darlington; DATE/TIME; EXP; Experiment; Oxygen saturation; pH; pH change; Replicate; Treatment
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 168 data points
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2023-03-14
    Keywords: Darlington; DATE/TIME; DEPTH, water; Event label; EXP; Experiment; Fortescue_Bay; Habitat; LATITUDE; LONGITUDE; Oxygen; pH; ph electrode; pHTempion; Replicate; Salinity; SeaPHOX; Temperature, water
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 9497 data points
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  • 7
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    PANGAEA
    In:  Supplement to: Britton, Damon; Cornwall, Christopher Edward; Revill, Andrew T; Hurd, Catriona L; Johnson, Craig R (2016): Ocean acidification reverses the positive effects of seawater pH fluctuations on growth and photosynthesis of the habitat-forming kelp, Ecklonia radiata. Scientific Reports, 6, 26036, https://doi.org/10.1038/srep26036
    Publication Date: 2023-01-13
    Description: Ocean acidification (OA) is the reduction in seawater pH due to the absorption of human-released CO2 by the world's oceans. The average surface oceanic pH is predicted to decline by 0.4 units by 2100. However, kelp metabolically modifies seawater pH via photosynthesis and respiration in some temperate coastal systems, resulting in daily pH fluctuations of up to ±0.45 units. It is unknown how these fluctuations in pH influence the growth and physiology of the kelp, or how this might change with OA. In laboratory experiments that mimicked the most extreme pH fluctuations measured within beds of the canopy-forming kelp Ecklonia radiata in Tasmania, the growth and photosynthetic rates of juvenile E. radiata were greater under fluctuating pH (8.4 in the day, 7.8 at night) than in static pH treatments (8.4, 8.1, 7.8). However, pH fluctuations had no effect on growth rates and a negative effect on photosynthesis when the mean pH of each treatment was reduced by 0.3 units. Currently, pH fluctuations have a positive effect on E. radiata but this effect could be reversed in the future under OA, which is likely to impact the future ecological dynamics and productivity of habitats dominated by E. radiata.
    Type: Dataset
    Format: application/zip, 3 datasets
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 2023-01-30
    Description: This dataset comprises data obtained during a 6 week-long exposure experiment of mussels of the family Mytilidae to two types of microplastics, namely polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) and polyvinylchloride (PVC) particles and two types of natural inorganic microparticles, namely diatoms and red clay. This data was obtained from May to September 2019 in five different bioregions, which are Tasmania, Chile, Japan, Cabo Verde and Israel. We recorded body condition index, byssus thread production in 24 hours, clearance rate of the food algae and respiration rate at the end of six weeks of exposure to the four different microparticles (with an exception of the groups exposed to PVC and red clay in Tasmania, which lasted 5 weeks). Mussels were exposed to three concentrations of each particle type, which were 1.5, 15 and 150 mg/l and one group to no particles at all as control.
    Keywords: Area/locality; Byssus production per individual; Clearance rate; Dry mass; GAME; Global Approach by Modular Experiments; Microplastics; Mytilidae; natural microparticles; Particle concentration; Respiration rate, oxygen; seston; Shell, mass; Shell length; Species; Status; Survival; Temperature, water, annual mean; Treatment; Wet mass
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 9377 data points
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 2023-07-07
    Description: Seaweeds are able to modify the chemical environment at their surface, in a micro‐zone called the diffusive boundary layer (DBL), via their metabolic processes controlled by light intensity. Depending on the thickness of the DBL, sessile invertebrates such as calcifying bryozoans or tube‐forming polychaetes living on the surface of the blades can be affected by the chemical variations occurring in this microlayer. Especially in the context of ocean acidification (OA), these microhabitats might be considered as a refuge from lower pH, because during the day photosynthesis temporarily raises the pH to values higher than in the mainstream seawater. We assessed the thickness and the characteristics of the DBL at two pH levels (today's average surface ocean pH 8.1 and a reduced pH predicted for the end of the century, pH 7.7) and seawater flows (slow, 0.5 and fast, 〉8 cm/s) on Ecklonia radiata (kelp) blades. Oxygen and pH profiles from the blade surface to the mainstream seawater were measured with O2 and pH microsensors for both bare blades and blades colonized by the bryozoan Membranipora membranacea. The DBL was thicker in slow flow compared with fast flow and the presence of bryozoans increased the DBL thickness and shaped the DBL gradient in dark conditions. Net production was increased in the low pH condition, increasing the amount of oxygen in the DBL in both bare and epiphytized blades. This increase drove the daily pH fluctuations at the blade surface, shifting them towards higher values compared with today's pH. The presence of bryozoans led to lower oxygen concentrations in the DBL and more complex pH fluctuations at the blade surface, particularly at pH 7.7. Overall, this study, based on microprofiles, shows that, in slow flow, DBL microenvironments at the surface of the kelps may constitute a refuge from OA with pH values higher than those of the mainstream seawater. For calcifying organisms, it could also represent training ground for harsh conditions, with broad daily pH and oxygen fluctuations. These chemical microenvironments, biologically shaped by the macrophytes, are of great interest for the resilience of coastal ecosystems in the context of global change.
    Keywords: Benthos; Chromista; Coast and continental shelf; Containers and aquaria (20-1000 L or 〈 1 m**2); Laboratory experiment; Macroalgae; OA-ICC; Ocean Acidification International Coordination Centre; Ochrophyta; Other; Other metabolic rates; Primary production/Photosynthesis; Single species; South Pacific; Temperate
    Type: Dataset
    Format: application/zip, 7 datasets
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  • 10
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    PANGAEA
    In:  Supplement to: Cornwall, Christopher Edward; Hepburn, Christopher D; Pritchard, Daniel; Currie, Kim I; McGraw, Christina M; Hunter, Keith A; Hurd, Catriona L (2012): Carbon-use strategies in macroalgae: Differential responses to lowered pH and implications for ocean acidification. Journal of Phycology, 48(1), 137-144, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1529-8817.2011.01085.x
    Publication Date: 2024-03-15
    Description: Ocean acidification (OA) is a reduction in oceanic pH due to increased absorption of anthropogenically produced CO2. This change alters the seawater concentrations of inorganic carbon species that are utilized by macroalgae for photosynthesis and calcification: CO2 and HCO3 increase; CO32 decreases. Two common methods of experimentally reducing seawater pH differentially alter other aspects of carbonate chemistry: the addition of CO2 gas mimics changes predicted due to OA, while the addition of HCl results in a comparatively lower [HCO3]. We measured the short-term photosynthetic responses of five macroalgal species with various carbon-use strategies in one of three seawater pH treatments: pH 7.5 lowered by bubbling CO2 gas, pH 7.5 lowered by HCl, and ambient pH 7.9. There was no difference in photosynthetic rates between the CO2, HCl, or pH 7.9 treatments for any of the species examined. However, the ability of macroalgae to raise the pH of the surrounding seawater through carbon uptake was greatest in the pH 7.5 treatments. Modeling of pH change due to carbon assimilation indicated that macroalgal species that could utilize HCO3 increased their use of CO2 in the pH 7.5 treatments compared to pH 7.9 treatments. Species only capable of using CO2 did so exclusively in all treatments. Although CO2 is not likely to be limiting for photosynthesis for the macroalgal species examined, the diffusive uptake of CO2 is less energetically expensive than active HCO3 uptake, and so HCO3-using macroalgae may benefit in future seawater with elevated CO2.
    Keywords: Alkalinity, total; Alkalinity, total, standard error; Aragonite saturation state; Benthos; Bicarbonate; Bicarbonate ion; Bicarbonate ion, standard error; Bottles or small containers/Aquaria (〈20 L); Calcite saturation state; Calculated; Calculated, see reference(s); Calculated using CO2SYS; Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010); Calculated using SWCO2 (Hunter, 2007); Carbon, inorganic, dissolved; Carbon, inorganic, dissolved, standard error; Carbonate ion; Carbonate ion, standard error; Carbonate system computation flag; Carbon dioxide; Carbon dioxide, standard error; Carbon dioxide, total; Chlorophyta; Chromista; Coast and continental shelf; Corallina officinalis; EPOCA; EUR-OCEANS; European network of excellence for Ocean Ecosystems Analysis; European Project on Ocean Acidification; Experimental treatment; Fugacity of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air); Gross photosynthesis rate, oxygen; Gross photosynthesis rate, oxygen, standard error; Laboratory experiment; Macroalgae; Metabolically induced rate of pH change; Metabolically induced rate of pH change, standard error; OA-ICC; Ocean Acidification International Coordination Centre; Ochrophyta; Partial pressure of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air); pH; pH, standard error; pH meter (Orion); Plantae; Primary production/Photosynthesis; Rhodophyllis gunnii; Rhodophyta; Salinity; Schizoseris sp.; Single species; South Pacific; Species; Temperate; Temperature, water; Titration; Ulva sp.; Undaria pinnatifida
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 480 data points
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