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  • 1
    ISSN: 1520-6904
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Condensed Ring Systems, XV. About the Reaction of α-Chloro Sulfoxides with Potassium tert-Butoxide by the Example of the Synthesis of OxapropellenesThe synthesis of dithia- 1a - 3a and oxathiapropellenes 1b - 3b is described. From 1b - 3b the α-chloro sulfoxides 4 - 6 and α-chloro sulfones 4a - 6a are prepared, or which in most cases several stereoisomeric racemates are obtained. The constitution, configuration, and conformation of the α-chloro sulfoxide 4, the main product obtained from 1b, was elucidated by X-ray structure analysis. Only in that way it was possible to deduce the constitutions and configurations of the other stereoisomeric α-chloro sulfoxides 4 - 6 and α-chloro sulfones 4a - 6a, respectively, using 13C NMR spectroscopy. By the reaction of the α-chloro sulfones 4a - 6a with potassium tert-butoxide (Ramberg-Bäcklund reaction) the corresponding oxapropellenes 7 - 9 are obtained only in low yields (〈 10%). Contrary, the α-chloro sulfoxides 4 - 6, und analogous conditions give yields of 80 - 90% (from 4, 6) and 25% (from 5).
    Notes: Es wird die Synthese der Dithia- 1a - 3a und Oxathiapropellene 1b - 3b beschrieben. Aus 1b - 3b werden die α-Chlorsulfoxide 4 - 6 und α-Chlorsulfone 4a - 6a hergestellt, von denen meist mehrere stereoisomere Racemate erhalten werden. Konstitution, Konfiguration und Konformation des Hauptprodukts der aus 1b erhaltenen α-Chlorsulfoxide 4 wurden durch Röntgenstrukturanalyse ermittelt. Erst dadurch wurde es möglich, mit Hilfe der 13C-NMR-Spektroskopie die Konstitutionen und Konfigurationen der anderen stereoisomeren α-Chlorsulfoxide 4 - 6 und α-Chlorsulfone 4a - 6a aufzuklären. Bei der Reaktion der α-Chlorsulfone 4a - 6a mit Kalium-tert-butylat (Ramberg-Bäcklund-Reaktion) erhält man die entsprechenden Oxapropellene 7 - 9 nur in geringer Ausbeute (〈 10%), während die α-Chlorsulfoxide 4 - 6 unter analogen Bedingungen Ausbeuten von 80 - 90% (aus 4, 6) und 25% (aus 5) ergeben.
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  • 3
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Condensed Ring Systems, XVI1). Synthesis, Crystal and Molecular Structure of a 1,4-Bridged Dewar-Benzene of the [6.2.2]Propellane Series with Conformational EnantiomerismStarting from 3,4:5,6-dibenzo-10,13-dithia[6.3.3]propella-3,5-diene (1) racemic 3,4:5,6-dibenzo-[6.2.2]propella-3,5,9,11-tetraene (7) is prepared. Its constitution is established by X-ray structure analysis. An enantiomeric enrichment of 7 has been achieved by chromatography on triacetyl cellulose; its halflife at 20°C is about 100 h.
    Notes: Ausgehend von 3,4:5,6-Dibenzo-10,13-dithia[6.3.3]propella-3,5-dien (1) wird das racemische 3,4:5,6-Dibenzo[6.2.2]propella-3,5,9,11-tetraen (7) hergestellt. Seine Konstitution wird röntgenstrukturanalytisch bewiesen. Durch Chromatographie an Triacetylcellulose konnte eine Anreicherung der Enantiomeren von 7 erreicht werden, deren Halbwertszeit bei 20°C ca. 100 h beträgt.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 127 (1994), S. 581-584 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Fullerenes ; [3 + 2] Cycloadditions ; Nitrile oxides ; Isoxazoles ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Functionalization of C60 with Nitrile Oxides to 4,5-Dihydroisoxazoles and Their Structure DeterminationCycloadducts 3 of nitrile oxides 2 with C60 (1) are synthesized and isolated. The cycloadducts are characterized by 13C-NMR spectroscopy and high-resolution FAB mass spectrometry. X-ray structure determination of the 3-(9-anthryl)-4,5-dihydroisoxazole derivative 3a of C60 with CS2 included in the crystals is achieved at 173 K without disorder problems.
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  • 5
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: New Helical Molecules, IX. Syntheses, Enantiomer Separations, Circular Dichroism, Racemization Barriers, X-Ray Analyses, and Absolute Conformations of New, Easily Available ArenicenesThe new helical compounds 1-3 have been synthesized. 1 and 2 are separated into the enantiomers by chromatography on cellulose triacetate. The rotatory powers are high: e.g., [α]43620 = 2096 for 1. The racemization/ring inversion barriers range between 115 and 125 kJ/mol. X-ray analyses of 1-3 reveal different torsional angles between the rings ABC from 3.6 to 10.4°. They are compensated through the different interplanar angles of A and C with the plane B in such a way that the distance d between the intraanular C-Atoms in all compounds 1-4 is similar (2.57-2.60 Å). Correspondingly, the δ(Hi) values of 1-4 are found to differ only slightly (5.32-5.67 ppm). A determination of the absolute conformation using Bijvoets method shows (-)-2 (λ = 546 nm) to be the P-helix, and ( + )-2 the M-helix.
    Notes: Die neuen helicalen Verbindungen 1-3 werden synthetisiert, 1 und 2 durch Chromatographie an Triacetylcellulose in die Enantiomeren getrennt. Die optischen Drehungen sind hoch: z. B. [α]43620 = 2096 für 1. Die Racemisierungs-/Ringinversionsbarrieren liegen zwischen 115 und 125 kJ/mol. Röntgenstrukturanalysen von 1-3 ergeben unterschiedliche Torsionswinkel zwischen den Ringen ABC von 3.6-10.4°. Sie werden durch die unterschiedlichen Interplanarwinkel von A und C mit der Ebene B derart kompensiert, daß der Abstand d zwischen den intraanularen C-Atomen bei allen Verbindungen 1-4 nahezu gleich ist (2.57-2.60 Å). Entsprechend wird auch für δ(Hi) von 1-4 eine nur geringfügig variierende Verschiebung von 5.32-5.67 ppm gefunden. Die Bestimmung der absoluten Konformation nach der Bijvoet-Methode ergab für (-)-2 (λ = 546 nm) die P-, für ( + )-2 die M-Helix-Struktur.
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  • 6
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Condensed Ring Systems, XVII. Propellanes with Benzene-Dewar-Benzene Structure  -  Crystal and Molecular Structure of 1′,8′:3,5-Naphtho[5.2.2]propella-3,8,10-trieneThe syntheses of the propellanes 7-9, which have a benzene-Dewar-benzene structure, are described. As a second example of a 1,4-bridged Dewar-benzene, the crystal and molecular structure of 1′,8′:3,5-naphtho[5.2.2]propella-3,8,10-triene (9) is elucidated by X-ray structure analysis. 9 has a long central bridge bond of 1.565 Å, which, however, is clearly shorter than the corresponding bond of 3,4:5,6-dibenzo[6.2.2]propella-3,5,9,11-tetraene (10: 1.586 Å), due to the smaller C5-bridge. The dihedral angle of 116.6° between the cyclobutene rings of the Dewarbenzene system of 9 is insignificantly larger than the analogous angle of 10 (115.9°). The molecule lies on a crystallographic mirror plane.
    Notes: Die Synthesen der Propellane 7-9, die eine Benzol-Dewarbenzol-Struktur besitzen, werden beschrieben. Als zweites Beispiel für ein 1,4-überbrücktes Dewarbenzol wird die Kristall- und Molekülstruktur von 1′,8′:3,5-Naphtho[5.2.2]propella-3,8,10-trien (9) mittels Röntgenbeugung bestimmt. 9 besitzt eine lange zentrale Brückenbindung mit 1.565 Å, die jedoch aufgrund der kleineren C5-Brücke deutlich kürzer als die entsprechende Bindung im 3,4:5,6-Dibenzo[6.2.2]-propella-3,5,9,11-tetraen (10: 1.586 Å) ist. Der Faltungswinkel zwischen den beiden Cyclobutenringen des Dewarbenzol-Systems beträgt 116.6° und ist damit nur unwesentlich größer als der von 10 (115.9°). Das Molekül liegt auf einer kristallographischen Spiegelebene.
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  • 7
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Small Rings, 59. Unusual Preparation as well as Crystal and Molecular Structure of Trimethyl 3,4,5-Tri-tert-butylprismane-1,2,6-tricarboxylateIrradiation of Dewar benzene derivative 3 leads to prismane 4 with an unexpected substitution pattern. The X-ray structure analysis of 4 shows a long [1.555(3) Å] bond in the tert-butylated and a short [1.521 (3) Å] bond in the methoxycarbonyl-substituted threemembered ring. The bond distance for the connecting bonds is 1.560(3) Å.
    Notes: Belichtung von Dewarbenzol-Derivat 3 führt zu Prisman 4 mit einem unerwarteten Substitutionsmuster. Die Röntgenstrukturanalyse von 4 zeigt eine lange [1.555(3) Å] und eine kurze [1.521 (3) Å] Bindung im tert-Butyl- bzw. Methoxycarbonyl-substituierten Dreiring. Der Abstand für die die Dreiringe verknüpfenden Bindungen beträgt 1.560(3) Å.
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 122 (1989), S. 695-701 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Nonbonded interactions ; Spirotetracyclo[4.1.0.02,4.03,5]heptanes ; Long-range coupling constants ; 5H-Dibenzo[a,d]cycloheptene, 10,11-dihydro- ; 1-Pyrazolines, nitrogen extrusion ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Nonbonded Interactions in Two 7-Spirotetracyclo[4.1.0.02,4.03,5]-heptanesThe reaction of tetrachlorodiazocyclopentadiene with benzvalene (2) gave the fulvene derivative 3. In contrast, treatment of diazofluorene and 5-diazo-10,11-dihydro-5H-dibenzo[a,d]cycloheptene with 2 afforded the expected spiro-1-pyrazolines 4 and 5, respectively. Photolytic extrusion of nitrogen from 4 and 5 led to the corresponding spirotetracycloheptanes 6 and 7. The X-ray structure analysis of 6 revealed a close contact between one hydrogen atom each of the tetracycloheptane and the fluorene subunits. This short distance (2.15 Å) causes an increase in bond angles and is believed to produce strong deshielding of the respective protons and a 0.6-Hz coupling between them, which is formally a long-range coupling across seven bonds. Compound 7 is the first chiral tetracycloheptane. This is due to a nonplanar conformation of the seven-membered ring, which does not invert at room temperature. On the basis of NOE measurements the 1H-NMR signals of 6 and 7 are assigned.
    Notes: Die Reaktion von Tetrachlordiazocyclopentadien mit Benzvalen (2) ergab das Fulven-Derivat 3. Dagegen führten die Umsetzungen von Diazofluoren und 5-Diazo-10,11-dihydro-5H-dibenzo-[a,d]cyclohepten mit 2 zu den erwarteten Spiro-1-pyrazolinen 4 bzw. 5. Die photolytische Abspaltung von Stickstoff aus 4 und 5 lieferte die Spirotetracycloheptane 6 bzw. 7. Die Röntgenstrukturanalyse von 6 beweist einen engen Kontakt zwischen je einem Wasserstoffatom der Tetracycloheptan- und der Fluoren-Einheit. Dieser kurze Abstand (2.15 Å) ruft Winkelaufweitungen hervor und wird auch als Grund für starke Entschirmungen der betreffenden Protonen und eine formal über sieben Bindungen reichende 0.6-Hz-Kopplung zwischen ihnen angesehene. 7 ist das erste chirale Tetracycloheptan. Ursache dafür ist eine nichtebene Konformation des Siebenrings, der bei Raumtemperatur nicht invertiert. Auf der Basis von NOE-Messungen gelang die Zuordnung der 1H-NMR-Signale von 6 und 7.
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  • 9
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: 1,3-Dithioles ; Thione oxides ; Ketazines ; Tetrazenes ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Halogen - Carbon - Sulfür Compounds: Synthesis and Modes of Reactions of 4.5-Bis(trifluoromethyl)-1,3-dithiole DerivativesThe chemistry of the bis(trifluoromethyl)-1,3-dithiole system is thoroughly investigated starting from the 2-thione 6. By its oxidation the sulfine 2 and the ketone 7 are obtained. Further oxidation of 2 leads to the spiro compound 3. By chlorination of 6 the 2-sulfenyl chloride 5 is obtained, which can be desulfurized by PCl3 to the 2,2-dichloro compound 10. The best method for the preparation of the latter is the reaction of 6 with PCl5. Hydrolysis of 10 yields again the ketone 7. By reaction of 1,2-ethanedithiol with 10 the spiro compound 11 is obtained, the reaction of which with hexafluoro-2-butyne also affords 3. 10 reacts with primary amines to the 2-imines 9a and 9b, whereas 5 under similar conditions reacts via the thione S-imides 4a and 4b to 9a (with sulfur extrusion) or in a rearrangement reaction to the 1,2,4-trithiine 1. The preparation of the tosyl hydrazone 12 does not open an access to the diazo compound 16, neither does the reaction of 10 with hydrazine, which yields the ketazine 14. The homogeneous reaction of disilylhydrazine and 10 produced the tetrazene 17, which is a dimer of 16 and decomposes at its high melting point to the ketazine 14.
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  • 10
    ISSN: 0947-3440
    Keywords: Calix[n]arenes (n = 4-13) ; Macrocycles ; Calculations, force-field ; Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A series of ten inverse calix[n]arenes (2-11) bearing four to thirteen benzene units were prepared by starting from 3,4,5-trimethoxybenzaldehyde followed by LC separation on silica gel. In 2-11 the substitution pattern is interchanged compared with the usual calixarenes. The conformational analysis was undertaken by variable temperature 1H-NMR spectroscopy and by MM2 calculations. Calix[4]arene 2 is a rigid molecule and shows the 1,3-alternate conformation which in addition was proven by X-ray analysis. At low temperatures the calix[5]arene 3 adopts the uudod conformation, where a methyl group of one benzene unit residues in the cavity of the macrocycle. At low temperature calix[6]arene 4 forms an 1:2 equilibrium between the 1,3,5-alternate (ududud; 4E) and the uududu (4B) conformation. Conformation 4B can be regarded as an intramolecular combination of a cone and an alternate arrangement of the benzene units. The calix[8]-arene shows the highest ΔG* value of the series and adopts an uuududdd conformation at low temperature. The inverse calixarenes 5 and 7-11 bearing seven and nine to thirteen aromatic units, respectively, are conformationally highly flexible systems even at low temperatures.
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