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  • 1
    Keywords: Wound healing-Congresses. ; Electronic books.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: 1 online resource (374 pages)
    Edition: 1st ed.
    ISBN: 9781461218760
    Series Statement: Serono Symposia USA Series
    DDC: 571.84
    Language: English
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1524-475X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Growth factors have been shown to modulate the complex cascade of wound healing, however, interaction between different growth factors during dermal and epidermal regeneration is still not entirely defined. We have recently shown that exogenous liposomal gene transfer of cDNA results in physiologic expression and response in an acute wound. In the present study we determined the interaction between insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I), a mesenchymal growth factor, administered as liposomal cDNA, with other dermal and epidermal growth factors on collagen synthesis in an acute wound. Sprague-Dawley rats were given a scald burn to inflict an acute wound and divided into two groups to receive weekly subcutaneous injections of liposomes plus a β-galactosidase containing plasmid (Lac Z [0.2 µg, vehicle]), or liposomes plus the IGF-I cDNA containing plasmid (2.2 µg) and Lac Z (0.2 µg). Immunological assays, histological and immunohistochemical techniques were used to determine growth factor concentration and different types of collagen (I, III, and IV) after IGF-I cDNA gene transfer. IGF-I cDNA transfer accelerated reepithelization and was associated with increased levels of IGF-I, fibroblast growth factor, keratinocyte growth factor, vascular endothelial cell growth factor, and platelet-derived growth factor protein expression. IGF-I cDNA had no effect on transforming growth factor-β. IGF-I cDNA significantly increased type IV collagen while it had no effect on types I and III collagen. Exogenously administered IGF-I cDNA increased protein concentrations of keratinocyte growth factor, fibroblast growth factor, platelet-derived growth factor, and type IV collagen. We conclude that liposomal IGF-I gene transfer can accelerate wound healing without causing an increase in types I and III collagen expression.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK; Malden, USA : Blackwell Science Inc
    Wound repair and regeneration 12 (2004), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1524-475X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Thermal trauma causes tissue damage by membrane destabilization and energy depletion at the cellular level, resulting in tissue necrosis and inflammation leading to delayed cell death. One therapeutic approach is to block the immediate triggering of the inflammatory cascade that results in prolonged hypermetabolic responses and immune dysfunction while promoting the expression of growth factors. In the present study, we determined hepatic gene expression responses to insulin-like growth factors-i (IGF-I) gene transfer to burned rats using high-density DNA microarray assays. The expression of 123 out of ~8,800 genes assyed (1.4% of total) were significantly altered. Of these, 42 genes were altered irrespective of treatment by burn trauma (p 〈 0.05). Changes in gene expression were confirmed by measuring mRNA levels using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and protein levels by Western blot assays. DNA microarray analyses showed two major mechanisms that mediated beneficial outcomes after IGF-I gene transfer in the burned rat livers. These mechanisms were the stimulation of IGF binding protein potentiation of peripheral IGF-I and the inhibition of the burn-augmented pro-apoptotic and oxidative mitochondrial metabolites stimulated by thermal trauma.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK; Malden, USA : Blackwell Publishing Ltd/Inc.
    Wound repair and regeneration 13 (2005), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1524-475X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Introduction:  Liposomal gene transfer is an effective therapeutic approach for the treatment of several pathophysiologic states. The purpose of the present study was to define whether the biological or chemical structure of a liposome influences cellular and biological regeneration in the skin and to determine by which mechanisms possible changes occur.Methods:  Rats were inflicted a full-excision acute wound and divided into three groups to receive weekly subcutaneous injections of DMRIE liposomes plus the Lac-Z gene, or DOTAP/Chol liposomes plus the Lac Z gene, or saline. Planimetry, immunological assays, histological, and immunohistochemical "techniques were used to determine molecular mechanisms after gene transfer, protein expression, dermal, and epidermal regeneration.Results:  DOTAP/Chol increased IGF-I and KGF protein concentration and caused concomitant cellular responses, e.g., by increasing IGFBP-3, p 〈 0.05. DOTAP/Chol liposomes improved epidermal regeneration by exhibiting the most rapid area and linear wound reepithelization compared to DMRIE or control, p 〈 0.001. DOTAP/Chol and DMRIE exerted promitogenic and anti-apoptotic effects on basal keratinocytes, p 〈 0.05. Dermal regeneration was improved in DOTAP/Chol treated animals by an increased collagen deposition and morphology, p 〈 0.001. DOTAP/Chol liposomes increased VEGF concentrations and thus neovascularization when compared with DMRIE and saline, p 〈 0.001.Summary:  In the present study we showed that different liposomes have different effects on intracellular and biological responses based on its chemical and molecular structure. For gene transfer in acute wounds the administration of DOTAP/Chol liposomes appears to be beneficial.Acknowledgments:  Clayton Foundation for Research
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1524-475X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The hypercatabolism after massive pediatric burns has been effectively treated with recombinant human growth hormone, an anabolic agent that stimulates protein synthesis and abrogates growth arrest. While experimental studies have shown increased potential for fibrosis induced by growth hormone therapy, adverse effects on human scars have not been investigated. Our aim was to evaluate hypertrophic scar formation in 62 patients randomized to receive injections of 0.05 mg/kg/day of recombinant human growth hormone or placebo, from discharge until 1 year after burn. Scar scales were used to evaluate scar-severity at discharge, 6, 9, 12, and 18–24 months after burn, by three observers blinded to treatment. Computer-assisted planimetry allowed quantification of percentage of hypertrophic scar formation. Types I and III collagens were localized and quantified in scars and normal skin of patients from both groups, using immunohistochemistry with confocal laser microscopy analysis. Insulin-like growth factor-1 blood levels helped assess compliance. Statistical analysis showed that scar hypertrophy significantly increased from 6 to 12 months after injury in both groups, while decreasing at 18–24 months postburn. Types I and III collagens were statistically increased in the reticular layer of scars from both groups when compared to paired normal skin. Insulin-like growth factor-1 was significantly increased in the recombinant human growth factor-treated group. No differences were seen when recombinant human growth factor and control groups were compared using the scar scales, planimetry, or immunohistochemistry. We concluded that recombinant human growth hormone therapy did not adversely affect scar formation and should not contraindicate the administration of recombinant human growth hormone as a therapeutic approach to severely burned children.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Malden, USA : Blackwell Science Inc
    Wound repair and regeneration 11 (2003), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1524-475X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Severe burns cause not only skin injury but several marked systemic derangements. During wound healing, matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and the tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases play an important role in tissue regeneration and remodeling processes. Therefore, in the present study, we determined the serum levels of MMPs and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 in burn patients over time. Serum samples from 12 severely burned children (mean age 7.9 ± 2.5 years) with 〉40% total body surface area burns were obtained within 0.5 hours, 3, 7, and 21 days after injury. Pro-MMP-1, MMP-3, MMP-9, and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 serum levels were assayed by enzyme-linked immunoassay and compared to normal healthy volunteers. Two-way analysis of variance and Bonferroni's test were used for statistical analysis. Pro-MMP-1 levels in the serum were significantly elevated by the seventh day after burn. MMP-3 and MMP-9 levels showed significant increases by day 3 and 21 compared to normals, respectively. Tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 levels did not change with time after burn but were significantly higher by 3 days after burn compared to normal serum. In conclusion, changes in MMPs and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 occur in burn patients and those changes may be a mechanism beneficial to wound healing. (WOUND REP REG 2003;11:177–180)
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    World journal of surgery 16 (1992), S. 80-86 
    ISSN: 1432-2323
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Un hypermétabolisme important est l'une des perturbations caractéristiques qui surviennent chez le brûlé. Des troubles métaboliques associent une augmentation de la production et de l'utilisation du glucose, une diminution du métabolisme lipidique et une augmentation à la fois du catabolisme et de l'anabolisme des protéines. D'autres fonctions physiologiques peuvent être atteintes comme la réponse immune. Ces troubles nécessitent un apport massif protéino-calorique pour positiviser le bilan azoté. Les perturbations physiologiques de l'hypermétabolisme et les méthodes pour évaluer les besoins nutritionnels sont discutées dans cet article.
    Abstract: Resumen Los pacientes quemados desarrollan una variedad de alteraciones fisiológicas, entre las cuales está un marcado incremento de la tasa metabólica. Otras alteraciones metabólicas incluyen un aumento en las tasas de producción y utilización de glucosa, una disminución en la tasa del metabolismo de los lípidos y un aumento en las tasas tanto de catabolismo como de anabolismo proteicos. Tales alteraciones pueden afectar otros parámetros fisiológicos, incluyendo la función inmunitaria. Los pacientes requieren la administración de grandes cantidades de calorías y de proteína para lograr balance positivo de nitrógeno. Para optimizar las posibilidades de obtener balance positivo de nitrógeno se debe utilizar una de las fórmulas para estimar los requerimientos calóricos y realizar frecuentes determinaciones metabólicas. Se debe iniciar alimentación enteral dentro de las primeras 48 horas de ocurrida la quemadura, utilizando tubos de alimentación hasta cuando los pacientes puedan tomar adecuados volumenes de alimentos por vía oral. Se debe evitar la nutrición parenteral. La dieta debe contener aproximadamente 50% de las calorías como carbohidrato, 20–25% como proteína y 25–30% como grasa. La proteina debe contener suplementación de arginina hasta aproximadamente el 2% de las calorías. La suplementación con glutamina y aminoácidos racémicos es de eficacia aún no determinada.
    Notes: Abstract Burn patients develop a number of physiologic alterations among which is a markedly increased metabolic rate Other metabolic changes include an increased rate of glucose production and utilization, a decreased rate of lipid metabolism, and an increased rate of both protein catabolism and anabolism. These alterations can effect other physiologic parameters, including immune function. They necessitate administration of large quantities of calories and protein to achieve positive nitrogen balance. The physiologic derangements leading to the hypermetabolism and the methods for supplying the nutritional needs are discussed in this review.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    ISSN: 1432-1750
    Keywords: Epidermal growth factor ; Platelet derived growth factor ; Inhalation injury ; Tracheal repair process
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Toxic gases and fumes have been shown to be injurious to the upper airways. Repair of this injury involves proliferation and migration of surviving nonciliated cells, followed by differentiation to a normal phenotype. Because recent results suggested that growth factors could improve the outcome of an airway injury, we undertook this study to determine the efficacy of these materials as an initial treatment to accelerate the healing process. In 24 anesthetized sheep, a portion of the trachea was exposed to smoke from smouldering cotton cooled to 37°C. Twelve received aerosolized epidermal growth factor plus platelet derived growth factor, while twelve received placebo. At 10 days after injury, nonciliated and ciliated cells were totally absent in the injured trachea receiving the placebo. In animals receiving growth factors, nonciliated and ciliated cells, however, were present (56% and 31% of uninjured trachea, respectively). At 13 days after injury, nonciliated and ciliated cell counts in those receiving placebo were 67% and 33% of uninjured, respectively. In sheep receiving growth factors, tracheal nonciliated and ciliated cell counts had increased to 105% and 64% of uninjured trachea, respectively. We conclude that growth factors therapy after airway injury stimulates cell proliferation and differentiation, and this therapeutic intervention to accelerate the repair process in acute airway injury is an approach applicable to humans.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of clinical immunology 12 (1992), S. 300-308 
    ISSN: 1573-2592
    Keywords: Keloids ; cytokines ; interferons ; interleukins ; tumor necrosis factor
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The treatment of keloids in black patients remains a medical dilemma. Previous studies have focused on primary alterations in the metabolism of fibroblasts as the key in the etiology of this condition. Yet alterations in the production of various cytokines which may alter fibroblast responses secondarily have received little attention. Twelve black patients with clinical and histological diagnosis of keloids and eight black control volunteers were studied. Peripheral blood mononuclear-cell (PBMC) fractions from both groups were assayed for production of interleukin-1 (IL-1), interleukin-2 (IL-2), interleukin-6 (IL-6), alpha-interferon (IFN-α), beta-interferon (IFN-β), gamma-interferon (IFN-γ), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), and tumor necrosis factor-beta (TNF-β). The production of IFN-α, IFN-γ, and TNF-β were markedly depressed in keloid patients compared to normal controls. However, IL-1 and IL-2 production was not significantly different between the two groups. In contradistinction, keloid patients produce greater amounts of IL-6, TNF-α, and IFN-β. Altered levels of immunoregulatory cytokines may play a significant role in the net increase in collagen which characterizes keloid formation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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