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  • 1
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Randomised comparative trial of the intrauterine system and norethisterone levonor gestrel for treatment of idiopathic menorrhagia (1998)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    BJOG 105 (1998), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-0528
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Objective To compare the efficacy and acceptability of the levonorgestrel intrauterine system and norethisterone for the treatment of idiopathic menorrhagia.Design A randomised comparative parallel group study.Setting Gynaecology outpatient clinic in a teaching hospital.Participants Forty-four women with heavy regular periods and a measured menstrual blood loss exceeding 80 ml.Methods Twenty-two women had a levonorgestrel intrauterine system inserted within the first seven days of menses, and 22 women received norethisterone (5 mg three times daily) from day 5 to day 26 of the cycle for three cycles.Main outcome measures The main outcome measure was the change in objectively assessed menstrual blood loss after three months of treatment.Results When menstrual blood loss at three months was expressed as a percentage of the control, the levonorgestrel intrauterine system reduced menstrual blood loss by 94% (median reduction 103 ml; range 70 to 733 ml), and oral norethisterone by 87% (median reduction 95 ml; range 56 to 212 ml). After three cycles of treatment 76% of the women in the levonorgestrel intrauterine system group wished to continue with the treatment, compared with only 22% of the norethisterone group.Conclusions Both the levonorgestrel intrauterine system and oral norethisterone in this regimen provided an effective treatment for menorrhagia in terms of reducing menstrual blood loss to within normal limits. The levonorgestrel intrauterine system was associated with higher rates of satisfaction and continuation with treatment, and thus offers an effective alternative to currently available medical and surgical treatments for menorrhagia. norethisterone for the treatment of idiopathic menorrhagia.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-0528.1998.tb10172.x
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  • 2
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Transport due to ion-temperature-gradient-driven magnetic drift modes (1993)
    New York, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Fluids 5 (1993), S. 2043-2051 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7666
    Quelle: AIP Digital Archive
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: An advanced reactive fluid model is used to study the transport due to the toroidal ηi mode in the flat density limit. In this limit the density gradient scale length scales out from both the linear dispersion relation and the quasilinear transport coefficients. Simplified transport coefficients are derived for the flat density limit including also influence of electron trapping and are discussed in relation to the density modification experiments on the Tokamak Fusion Test Reactor (TFTR) [Proceedings of the 11th International Conference on Plasma Physics and Controlled Fusion Research (International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna 1987), Vol. 1, p. 51]. The scaling properties with respect to various dimensionless parameters are discussed. In particular the scaling Xi ∼ ηi − ηith, which has also been derived by other authors for somewhat different situations, is found to be the relevant scaling in typical situations. A stabilizing and transport reducing effect of a high degree of electron trapping is pointed out.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.860791
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  • 3
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    The link between springtime total ozone and summer UV radiation in Northern hemisphere extratropics (2014)
    In:  EPIC3SPARC 2014 General Assembly, Queenstown, New Zealand, 2014-01-12-2014-01-17
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2019-07-16
    Repository-Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Materialart: Conference , notRev
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  • 4
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    [The Arctic] Ozone and UV radiation [in “State of the Climate in 2011”] (2012)
    AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
    In:  EPIC3Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC, 93(7), pp. S129-S132, ISSN: 0003-0007
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2019-07-16
    Repository-Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Materialart: Article , isiRev
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 5
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    Beryllium-10 transport to Antarctica: Results from seasonally resolved observations and modeling (2011)
    Wiley-Blackwell
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2011-12-15
    Beschreibung: Cosmogenic 10Be measured in polar ice cores has important application in the reconstruction of past solar activity. However, the processes controlling its atmospheric transport and deposition to the ice sheets are not fully understood. Here we use the seasonal changes in 10Be concentrations in a 10 year monthly resolved ice core record from the Law Dome site (East Antarctica) in conjunction with ECHAM5-HAM general circulation model (GCM) simulations of 10Be and 7Be deposition as tools to examine this problem. Maximum 10Be concentrations are observed in the ice core during the austral late summer to early autumn (summer-autumn), while minimum concentrations are observed during the austral winter. The GCM simulations, corroborated by earlier observations of 10Be:7Be ratios in Antarctica from the Georg von Neumayer air sampling station, suggest that the 10Be concentration maximum is linked to direct input of stratospheric 10Be from the Antarctic stratosphere to the lower levels of the Antarctic troposphere during the austral summer-autumn. This result contrasts with the modeled transport of 10Be to Greenland, where the seasonal maximum in stratospheric input is seen in the late winter to spring, synchronous with the timing of the seasonal maximum in midlatitude stratosphere to troposphere exchange. Our results suggest that a different combination of processes is responsible for the transport of 10Be to the Antarctic and Greenland ice sheets.
    Print ISSN: 0148-0227
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Publiziert von Wiley-Blackwell im Namen von American Geophysical Union (AGU).
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  • 6
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    Production rate and climate inuences on the variability of 10Be deposition simulated by ECHAM5-HAM globally, in Greenland and in Antarctica (2013)
    Wiley-Blackwell
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2013-01-29
    Beschreibung: [1]  Ice core concentrations of 10 Be are used as a proxy for solar activity but they might be affected by atmospheric transport and deposition and their changes. During the Holocene the influence is likely to be small but during glacials it has to be accounted for. First, the climate influence has to be understood during the present climate. This study uses an ECHAM5-HAM 30-year climatological simulation of 10 Be to investigate the production and climate related influences on 10 Be deposition with focus on Greenland and Antarctica. We examine the climate modes driving snow accumulation and hence potentially 10 Be deposition over a climatologically relevant period. The North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) is found to be the main driver ofchanges in precipitation and 10 Be deposition in Greenland, in agreement with previous studies. In Antarctica the picture is more complex as precipitation and 10 Be deposition are only weakly correlated with the Southern Annular Mode (SAM), El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) or Zonal Wave 3 pattern (ZW3). The results suggest that on seasonal scale 10 Be deposition is linked with both precipitation rate and tropopause height, mainly due to the similar seasonal cycle. However, the correlation with tropopause height persists on annual time scale. All in all, 10 Be variability in Antarctica is an interplay of several processes whose contribution varies in time and space. When interpreting 10 Be ice core records for solar activity the time scale is essentially important. On seasonal scale the 10 Be signal is dominated by weather influences, but on multi-annual scales the production rate is the main driver. On multi-decadal scale large long-term trends in climatic factors have the potential to distort the signal again as is seen in 10 Be records during glacials. This study shows how climate modes connect to 10 Be variability and how this connection could be used to correct for the climate impact. The established connections during present climatic conditions can be used as a basis to investigate these connections during glacial climate in a glacial model simulation.
    Print ISSN: 0148-0227
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Publiziert von Wiley-Blackwell im Namen von American Geophysical Union (AGU).
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