Note: Intro -- Preface -- Contents -- Contributors -- Forensic Analysis in Cloud Computing -- 1 Cloud Computing Forensic Analysis: Trends and Challenges -- Abstract -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Cloud Computing Environment -- 2.1 The Cloud Models -- 2.2 The Cloud Structure and Services -- 3 Digital Forensics -- 3.1 Digital Forensics Common Phases -- 3.1.1 Identification -- 3.1.2 Acquisition and Preservation -- 3.1.3 Analysis -- 3.1.4 Presentation -- 3.2 Digital Evidence -- 3.3 Digital Forensic Analysis -- 4 Forensic Analysis in the Cloud Environment -- 4.1 Isolation of Crime Scene in Cloud -- 4.2 Pros and Cons of Forensic Analysis in Cloud -- 4.3 Challenges of Analysis and Examination -- 4.4 Conclusions and Open Research Issues -- References -- Data Storage Security Service in Cloud Computing: Challenges and Solutions -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Data Storage Auditing Methods -- 2.1 Public Auditing Versus Private Auditing -- 2.2 Auditing Single-Copy Versus Multiple-Copy Data -- 2.3 Static Versus Dynamic Data Auditing -- 3 Access Control Methods -- 3.1 Traditional Encryption -- 3.2 Broadcast Encryption -- 3.3 Identity-Based Encryption -- 3.4 Hierarchical Identity-Based Encryption -- 3.5 Attribute-Based Encryption -- 3.6 Hierarchical Attribute-Based Encryption -- 3.7 Role-Based Access Control -- 4 Comparative Analysis of Security Methods on Cloud Data Storage -- 4.1 Performance Analysis of Data Storage Auditing Methods -- 4.2 Performance Analysis of Access Control Methods -- 5 Discussions and Concluding Remarks -- 6 Conclusion -- References -- Homomorphic Cryptosystems for Securing Data in Public Cloud Computing -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Cloud Computing -- 3 Security Issues in Cloud Computing -- 4 Why Homomorphic Encryption (HE)? -- 5 Homomorphic Encryption (HE) -- 6 Different Encryption Cryptosystem -- 6.1 Somewhat Homomorphic Encryption (SHE). , 6.2 Fully Homomorphic Encryption (FHE) -- 7 Result and Discussion -- 8 Conclusion -- References -- 4 An Enhanced Cloud Based View Materialization Approach for Peer-to-Peer Architecture -- Abstract -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Related Work -- 3 Solutions and Recommendations -- 4 The Experimental Results -- 5 Future Research Directions -- 6 Conclusion -- Appendix -- References -- 5 Distributed Database System (DSS) Design Over a Cloud Environment -- Abstract -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Background -- 3 Research Issues -- 4 Solutions and Recommendations -- 4.1 Application Client Layer -- 4.2 Distributed Database System Manager Layer -- 4.3 Distributed Database Clusters Layer -- 5 Enhanced Allocation and Replication Technique -- 6 Experimental Results -- 7 Clustering Distributed Database Sites -- 7.1 Clustering Distributed Database Sites Based on Region Fields -- 7.2 Clustering Distributed Database Sites Based on Communication Costs Between Network Sites -- 8 Future Research Directions -- 9 Conclusions -- References -- Additional Reading -- 6 A New Stemming Algorithm for Efficient Information Retrieval Systems and Web Search Engines -- Abstract -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Background -- 3 The System Methodology -- 3.1 The System Architecture -- 3.2 The Enhance Porter Stemming Algorithm (EPSA) -- 3.3 The Ranking Algorithm -- 4 Performance Studies -- 4.1 Evaluation of the EPSA Algorithm -- 4.2 Experimental Results -- 5 Conclusion -- References -- Forensics Multimedia and Watermarking Techniques -- 7 Face Recognition via Taxonomy of Illumination Normalization -- Abstract -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Illumination Normalization Face Recognition -- 2.1 Illumination Normalization -- 2.1.1 Wavelet-Based (WA) -- 2.1.2 Steerable Filtering-Based -- 2.1.3 Non-local Means Based -- 2.1.4 Adoptive Non-local Mean -- 2.2 Illumination Modeling -- 2.2.1 Single Scale Retinex (SSR). , 2.2.2 Multi Scale Retinex (MSR) -- 2.2.3 Adaptive Single Scale Retinex (ASR) -- 2.3 Illumination Invariant Feature Extraction -- 2.3.1 Homomorphic Filtering-Based Normalization (HOMO) -- 2.3.2 Discrete Cosine Transformation (DCT) -- 2.3.3 Isotropic Diffusion-Based Normalization -- 2.3.4 Modified Anisotropic Diffusion (MAD) -- 2.3.5 Difference of Gaussian (DoG) -- 3 Current Trends -- 4 Comparisons -- 5 Discussion -- 6 Conclusion -- References -- 8 Detecting Significant Changes in Image Sequences -- Abstract -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Background Feature Analysis -- 3 Problem Statement and Legacy Techniques for Solution -- 4 Image Content Interpretation and Comparison -- 4.1 Construction of Voronoi Diagrams on Salient Image Points -- 4.2 Similarity Metrics for Voronoi Diagram Comparison -- 4.3 Procedure of Image Change Detection -- 5 Test Collections, Processing Evaluation and Development Trends -- 6 Conclusion -- References -- 9 VW16E: A Robust Video Watermarking Technique Using Simulated Blocks -- Abstract -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Block Simulation -- 3 Test the Imperceptibility -- 3.1 Test Results of VW16E Technique for the Video Sample 1 -- 3.2 Test Results of VW16E Technique for the Video Sample 2 -- 3.3 Test Results of VW16E Technique for the Video Sample 3 -- 3.4 Test Results of VW16E Technique for the Video Sample 4 -- 3.5 Test Results of VW16E Technique for the Video Sample 5 -- 3.6 Test Results of VW16E Technique for the Video Sample 6 -- 3.7 Test Results of VW16E Technique for the Video Sample 7 -- 3.8 Test Results of VW16E Technique for the Video Sample 8 -- 3.9 Test Results of VW16E Technique for the Video Sample 9 -- 3.10 Test Results of VW16E Technique for the Video Sample 10 -- 3.11 Test Results of VW16E Technique for the Video Sample 11 -- 3.12 Test Results of VW16E Technique for the Video Sample 12. , 3.13 Test Results of VW16E Technique for the Video Sample 13 -- 3.14 Test Results of VW16E Technique for the Video Sample 14 -- 4 Discussion and Analysis on Test and Evaluation -- 4.1 Attacks on Video Sample No 1 -- 4.1.1 Crop Attack on Video Sample No 1 -- 4.1.2 Frame Deletion Attack on Video Sample No 1 -- 4.1.3 Frame Exchange Attack on Video Sample No 1 -- 4.1.4 Frame Insert Attack on Video Sample No 1 -- 4.1.5 Rotate Attack on Video Sample No 1 -- 4.1.6 Reverse Rotate Attack on Video Sample No 1 -- 4.1.7 Salt and Pepper Attack on Video Sample No 1 -- 4.1.8 Shift Frames Attack on Video Sample No 1 -- 4.1.9 Superimpose Attack on Video Sample No 1 -- 5 Conclusion -- References -- 10 A Robust and Computationally Efficient Digital Watermarking Technique Using Inter Block Pixel Differencing -- Abstract -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Related Literature -- 3 Proposed Watermarking Algorithm -- 3.1 Block Pre-processing -- 3.2 Watermark Embedding -- 3.3 Watermark Extraction -- 4 Experimental Results and Discussions -- 4.1 Imperceptivity Analysis -- 4.2 Payload Analysis -- 4.3 Robustness Analysis -- 4.3.1 Salt and Pepper Noise -- 4.3.2 Addition of Gaussian Noise -- 4.3.3 Sharpening -- 4.3.4 Cropping -- 4.3.5 Rotation Attack -- 4.3.6 JPEG Compression -- 4.3.7 Rotation + Cropping -- 4.3.8 Salt and Pepper Noise + Gaussian Noise -- 4.3.9 Salt and Pepper Noise + Gaussian Noise + Sharpening -- 4.4 Computational Complexity Analysis -- 5 Conclusion -- Acknowledgments -- References -- 11 JPEG2000 Compatible Layered Block Cipher -- Abstract -- 1 Introduction -- 1.1 Background -- 2 Literature Review -- 2.1 Applications -- 2.2 Approaches -- 3 Proposed Approach -- 4 Performance Analysis -- 5 Discussion and Conclusions -- References -- Digital Forensic Applications -- 12 Data Streams Processing Techniques -- Abstract -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Background -- 2.1 Data Streams. , 2.2 Data Steams Processing -- 2.3 Sliding Windows -- 2.4 Continuous Query Optimization -- 3 Continuous Queries Processing -- 3.1 Continuous Queries Processing Based on Multiple Query Plans -- 3.2 Continuous Queries with Probabilistic Guarantees -- 3.3 Continuous Bounded Queries Processing -- 3.4 Continuous Queries Processing Over Sliding Window Join -- 3.5 Continuous Pattern Mining -- 3.6 Continuous Top-K Queries Processing -- 3.7 Continuous Nearest Neighbor Queries Processing -- 3.8 Continuous Queries Processing Based Tree Structure -- 3.9 Continuous Skyline Queries Processing -- 3.10 Multi Continuous Queries Processing -- 4 Data Streams Execution Environments -- 4.1 Parallel and Distributed Stream Processing -- 4.1.1 Data Streams Processing Based on Map Reduce Framework -- 4.1.2 Data Streams Processing Based on the Query Mega Graph (QMG) -- 4.1.3 Data Streams Processing Based on Task Graph Structure -- 4.1.4 Data Streams Processing in Traffic Distributed Networks -- 4.1.5 Controlling Streams Processing on Overload Conditions -- 4.2 Data Streams Processing Based on Cloud Environment -- 5 Research Issues -- 6 Solutions and Recommendations -- 7 Future Research Directions -- 8 Conclusion -- References -- Evidence Evaluation of Gait Biometrics for Forensic Investigation -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Gait Biometrics -- 2.1 Gait Datasets -- 2.2 Gait Recognition Methods -- 3 Gait Analysis for Forensics -- 3.1 Descriptive-Based Methods -- 3.2 Metric-Based Methods -- 4 Evidence Evaluation and Challenges -- 5 Conclusions -- References -- 14 Formal Acceptability of Digital Evidence -- Abstract -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Research Goals -- 2.1 Research methodology -- 3 Data Collection and Sample Characteristic -- 4 Research Results -- 5 Defining the Formal Acceptability of Digital Evidence -- 6 Implementing Rules Through DEMF -- 7 Conclusion -- References. , A Comprehensive Android Evidence Acquisition Framework.

Note: Intro -- Preface -- Contents -- Sentiment Analysis -- 1 Using Deep Neural Networks for Extracting Sentiment Targets in Arabic Tweets -- Abstract -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Background -- 3 Data Collection and Annotation -- 4 Building Word Embeddings -- 5 The Implemented Models -- 5.1 The Baseline Model -- 5.2 The Deep Neural Network Model -- 5.2.1 Bidirectional Long Short-Term Memory Networks (BI-LSTMs) -- 5.2.2 The Conditional Random Fields (CRF) Tagging Model -- 5.2.3 BI-LSTM-CRF -- 6 Performance Evaluation -- 7 Conclusion -- Acknowledgements -- References -- 2 Evaluation and Enrichment of Arabic Sentiment Analysis -- Abstract -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Related Work -- 3 Challenges Arabic Sentiment Analysis -- 3.1 Encoding -- 3.2 Sentiment Analysis Impacted Due to Unavailability of Punctuations -- 3.3 Excess Resources Required -- 3.4 Sarcastic Tamper -- 3.5 One Word Represents Two Polarities -- 3.6 Indifferent Writing Style -- 3.7 Free Writing Style -- 3.8 Word Short Forms -- 3.9 Same Word Usage for Both Polarities -- 4 Data Collection -- 5 Implementation of Arabic Sentiment Analysis -- 6 Evaluation and Results -- 7 Conclusion -- References -- 3 Hotel Arabic-Reviews Dataset Construction for Sentiment Analysis Applications -- Abstract -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Related Work -- 3 Arabic Sentiment Analysis -- 4 Hotel Arabic Reviews Dataset (HARD) -- 4.1 Collection -- 4.2 Properties -- 5 Sentiment Analysis -- 5.1 Text Pre-processing -- 5.2 Feature Extraction -- 5.3 Classifiers -- 6 Experimental Results -- 6.1 Bag of Words -- 6.2 Lexicon-Based Classification -- 7 Conclusions -- References -- 4 Using Twitter to Monitor Political Sentiment for Arabic Slang -- Abstract -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Related Work -- 3 Methodology -- 3.1 Corpus Collection and Preparation -- 3.2 Pre-processing -- 3.3 Text Classification -- 4 Results and Evaluation. , 5 Conclusion and Future Work -- References -- Estimating Time to Event of Future Events Based on Linguistic Cues on Twitter -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Related Research -- 3 Time-to-Event Estimation Method -- 4 Experimental Set-Up -- 4.1 Data Sets -- 4.2 Features -- 4.3 Training and Test Regimes -- 4.4 Evaluation and Baselines -- 4.5 Hyperparameter Optimization -- 5 Test Results -- 6 Discussion -- 7 Conclusions and Future Work -- References -- Machine Translation -- Automatic Machine Translation for Arabic Tweets -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Arabic Language Challenges Within NLP and Social Media -- 2.1 Modern Standard Arabic Challenges for MT -- 2.2 Arabic Language in Microblogs -- 3 Overview of Statistical Machine Translation -- 3.1 Language Model -- 3.2 Word Alignment -- 3.3 Translation Model -- 3.4 Decoding -- 4 Translating Arabic Tweets -- 4.1 Data Collection -- 4.2 Data Collection -- 4.3 Experiments -- 4.4 Results -- 4.5 Discussion -- 5 Conclusion and Future Work -- References -- Developing a Transfer-Based System for Arabic Dialects Translation -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Related Studies -- 3 Arabic Language Variation -- 4 Machine Translation Paradigms -- 4.1 Rule Based MT -- 4.2 Statistical MT -- 4.3 Hybrid MT -- 5 (ALMoFseH) Arabic Dialects Machine Translation -- 6 Methodology -- 6.1 Building a Lexical Database -- 6.2 The Transfer System -- 6.3 Naive Bayesian Classifier (NB) -- 6.4 Rewrite Rules for Dialectal Normalization -- 6.5 Functional Model -- 7 Evaluation of the System -- 8 Results -- 9 Conclusion -- References -- 8 The Key Challenges for Arabic Machine Translation -- Abstract -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Challenges for Arabic Translation -- 2.1 Classical Arabic -- 2.2 Modern Standard Arabic -- 2.3 Dialect Arabic -- 3 Machine Translation in Natural Language Processing -- 3.1 Metaphor Translation -- 3.2 Metaphor in Holy Quran. , 3.3 Metaphor in Modern Standard Arabic -- 3.4 Metaphor in Dialect Arabic -- 4 Named Entity Recognition Translation -- 5 Word Sense Disambiguation Translation -- 6 Conclusion -- References -- Information Extraction -- Graph-Based Keyword Extraction -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Related Work -- 3 Research Methodology -- 3.1 Overview -- 3.2 The Proposed Methodology -- 3.3 Dataset -- 3.4 Data Processing -- 3.5 Learn Classifier and TF/IDF -- 3.6 Performance Evaluation -- 4 Discussion -- 5 Conclusion and Future Prospects -- References -- 10 CasANER: Arabic Named Entity Recognition Tool -- Abstract -- 1 Introduction -- 2 State of the Art on NER Systems -- 2.1 Previous NE Categorization -- 2.2 NER Approaches and Systems -- 3 ANE Identification and Categorization -- 3.1 Identification of the ANE Forms and Categories -- 3.2 Relationship Between ANEs -- 4 Proposed Method -- 4.1 Analysis Transducer Establishment -- 4.2 Synthesis Transducer Establishment -- 5 Implementation and Evaluation -- 6 Conclusion -- References -- 11 Semantic Relations Extraction and Ontology Learning from Arabic Texts-A Survey -- Abstract -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Arabic Semantic Relation Extraction and Ontology Learning -- 3 Arabic Semantic Relation Extraction -- 3.1 Semantic Relation Extraction Between Arabic Named Entities -- 3.1.1 Rule-Based Approach -- 3.1.2 Machine Learning Approach -- 3.1.3 Hybrid Approach -- 3.2 Semantic Relation Extraction Between Arabic Ontological Concepts -- 4 Arabic Ontology Learning -- 4.1 Upper Ontology -- 4.1.1 Arabic WordNet Ontology -- 4.1.2 Formal Arabic Ontology -- 4.2 Domain Ontology -- 4.2.1 General Domains -- Manual Approach -- Statistical Approach -- Linguistic Approach -- Hybrid Approach -- Uncategorized -- 4.2.2 Islamic Domain -- Quran Ontology -- Hadith Ontology -- 5 Conclusion -- Information Retrieval and Question Answering. , 12 A New Semantic Distance Measure for the VSM-Based Information Retrieval Systems -- Abstract -- 1 Introduction -- 2 The Proposed Approach -- 2.1 A Novel Indexing Approach -- 2.2 The Significance Level of a Concept (SLC) -- 2.3 Semantic Distance Between Query and CS -- 3 System Architecture -- 4 Experimental Analysis -- 4.1 Experimental Setup -- 4.2 Experiments, Results, and Evaluation -- 4.2.1 The Conceptualization Levels -- 4.2.2 The Retrieval Capability -- 4.2.3 The Ranking Accuracy -- 5 Conclusion and Future Work -- Appendix: The Implementation Algorithms -- References -- An Empirical Study of Documents Information Retrieval Using DWT -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Background -- 2.1 Term Signal -- 2.2 Weighting Scheme -- 2.3 Document Segmentation -- 2.4 Wavelet Transform Algorithm -- 3 Design Issues and Implementation of Information Retrieval Using DWT -- 3.1 Problems and Design Issues -- 3.2 Implementation of the Suggested Model -- 3.3 Document Segmentation -- 3.4 Term Weighting -- 4 Experiments and Results -- 5 Conclusion -- References -- 14 A Review of the State of the Art in Hindi Question Answering Systems -- Abstract -- 1 Introduction -- 2 A Typical Pipeline Architecture of a Question Answering System -- 2.1 Question Processing -- 2.1.1 Question Classification -- 2.2 Answer Type Determination -- 2.3 Keyword Extraction -- 2.4 Query Expansion -- 2.5 Document Processing -- 2.5.1 Passage Retrieval -- 2.6 Answer Extraction -- 2.6.1 Named Entity Recognition -- 2.6.2 Answer Scoring and Ranking -- 2.6.3 Answer Presentation -- 3 Developments in Hindi Question Answering System -- 3.1 Developments in Tasks of Question Answering Systems -- 4 Introduction to Hindi Language and Its Challenges for QASs -- 5 Tools and Resources for Hindi Question Answering -- 6 Future Scopes -- References -- Text Classification. , 15 Machine Learning Implementations in Arabic Text Classification -- Abstract -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Problem Definition -- 2.1 Problem Scope, Input and Output -- 2.2 Problem Formalization -- 3 Text Classification Steps -- 3.1 Data Selection and Preparation -- 3.2 Text Preprocessing -- 3.3 Document Indexing and Term Weighting Methods -- 3.4 Feature Reduction -- 4 Classification Algorithms -- 5 Arabic Text Classification -- 6 Directions for Further Research -- 7 Conclusion -- References -- Authorship and Time Attribution of Arabic Texts Using JGAAP -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Background -- 2.1 Authorship Attribution and NLP -- 2.2 Authorship Attribution in Arabic -- 3 Data -- 3.1 Corpus Description -- 3.2 Selection of Texts -- 4 Methods -- 4.1 JGAAP -- 4.2 Canonicizers -- 4.3 Event Drivers -- 4.4 Analysis Methods -- 5 Results -- 5.1 Character n-grams -- 5.2 Word n-grams -- 5.3 Word Length -- 5.4 Rare Words -- 5.5 Most Common Words -- 6 Analysis of Errors -- 7 Future Work and Conclusions -- References -- 17 Automatic Text Classification Using Neural Network and Statistical Approaches -- Abstract -- 1 Reviewing the Previous Work -- 2 Preprocessing Procedures for the Two Proposed Classifiers -- 2.1 Word Extraction -- 2.2 Stop Words Removal -- 2.3 Word Stemming -- 2.4 Improvements -- 2.5 Reuters 21,758 Test Collection for Text Categorization -- 2.6 Term Weighting Techniques -- 3 The Proposed Statistical Classifier -- 3.1 Converting the Text Documents into a Database -- 3.2 The Resulting Database Model -- 3.3 Weighting Techniques -- 3.4 Improvements for Weighting -- 3.5 Experimental Details -- 4 Neural Network Based Classifier -- 4.1 Dimensionality Reduction for Text Categorization -- 4.2 The Proposed Neural Network Based Text Classifier -- 4.3 Experimental Details -- 5 Comparison Between Proposed Statistical Classifier and the Neural Network Based Classifier. , 6 Conclusions.

Note: Intro -- Preface -- Contents -- About the Editors -- The Swarm Is More Than the Sum of Its Drones -- 1 Introduction -- 1.1 From Drones to Swarms -- 1.2 The Challenge of Deploying a Swarm Indoors -- 1.3 Contributions of This Chapter -- 1.4 Situating the Chapter in the Context of the Literature -- 1.5 The Intended Audience for this Chapter -- 2 Background -- 2.1 An Internet of Drones -- 2.2 Application Areas for Drones, and Swarms of Drones -- 2.3 Swarming Behaviour in Natural Sciences -- 2.4 Summary -- 3 Modelling Indoor WSN Deployment -- 3.1 The Model for the Drones -- 3.2 The Model for the Application -- 3.3 The Model for the Scenario/Environments -- 3.4 Performance Measures -- 3.5 Defining Characteristics of the Approach -- 4 A Decentralised and Self-organising Approach -- 4.1 Inspiration from Nature -- 4.2 A Voronoi Tessellation-Based Approach -- 4.3 Defining Characteristics -- 4.4 The BISON Algorithm Family -- 4.5 Materials and Methods -- 4.6 Results and Discussion -- 5 The World Is a Messy Place (Full of Uncertainty and Noise) -- 5.1 The Impact of Noise -- 5.2 Materials and Methods -- 5.3 Results and Discussion -- 6 Swarm Behaviour: Drift and Diffusion -- 6.1 Measuring Group Behaviour in Biology: Drift and Diffusion -- 6.2 Materials and Methods -- 6.3 Results and Discussion -- 7 Conclusion -- 7.1 Towards an InterNET of Drones: Swarming Behaviour -- 7.2 A Word of Caution -- 8 Abbreviations and Notations -- References -- Underwater Drones for Acoustic Sensor Network -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Dynamics of Drone Modeling -- 3 Underwater Acoustic Architecture -- 3.1 Static Two-Dimensional UW-ANs -- 3.2 Static Three-Dimensional UW-ANs -- 3.3 Three-Dimensional Hybrid UW-ANs -- 4 Control and Navigation of Drone Vehicle -- 4.1 Control Law Subsystem -- 4.2 Control Allocation Subsystem -- 4.3 Navigation of AUV's -- 5 Design Issues of Acoustic Drones. , 6 Underwater Network Challenges -- 7 Emerging Applications of Underwater Drones -- 8 Conclusion and Discussion -- References -- Smart Agriculture Using IoD: Insights, Trends and Road Ahead -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Remote Sensing and Digital Image Processing for Environment Monitoring by Drones -- 2.1 Remote Sensing -- 2.2 Remote Sensing Platforms in Agriculture -- 2.3 Digital Image Processing -- 3 Drone Technology and Developments -- 3.1 Drone Systems -- 3.2 Components of an Agricultural Internet of Drone -- 3.3 Imaging Cameras Used by Agricultural Drones -- 4 Applications of Drones in Agriculture -- 4.1 Soil Properties Analysis -- 4.2 Planting and Weed Control -- 4.3 Crop Spraying -- 4.4 Crop Monitoring -- 4.5 Irrigation -- 4.6 Health Assessment -- 5 Case Study -- 6 Challenges in IoD -- 7 Conclusion -- 8 Future Work -- References -- Towards a Smarter Surveillance Solution: The Convergence of Smart City and Energy Efficient Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Technologies -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Related Work -- 2.1 Smart City and Challenges in Surveillance Use Case -- 2.2 Unmanned Aerial Vehicles -- 2.3 Internet of Drones -- 2.4 Energy Conservation in Drones -- 3 Energy Management Proposed Framework for UAVs -- 3.1 Tilt-Rotor Drone-Based Energy Conservation Framework for UAVs in Smart City Surveillance -- 4 Case Study on IoD Based Surveillance -- 4.1 Case Study on Singapore: An Energy-Efficient Smart City -- 4.2 Case Study on India: Smart City Surveillance in India -- 5 Potential Implications and Suggestion for Future Research in Smart City Surveillance -- 6 Conclusion -- References -- Efficient Design of Airfoil Employing XFLR for Smooth Aerodynamics of Drone -- 1 Introduction -- 1.1 Airfoil: Heart of Aircraft -- 2 Motivation -- 3 Science-Behind Drone Flight -- 4 Understanding the Heart of Aircraft-Airfoil -- 5 Results -- 6 Future Scope -- 7 Conclusion. , References -- Drone-Based Monitoring and Redirecting System -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Related Work -- 3 Case Studies -- 4 Conclusion -- References -- Drone Application in Smart Cities: The General Overview of Security Vulnerabilities and Countermeasures for Data Communication -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Background -- 2.1 Smart City -- 2.2 Drones -- 2.3 Challenges for Drones in Smart Cities -- 2.4 Data Communication Methods -- 3 Cybersecurity -- 3.1 Threats and Attacks -- 4 Security Countermeasures -- 4.1 Detection Measures -- 4.2 Defense Mechanisms -- 5 Conclusion -- References -- Cloud-Based Drone Management System in Smart Cities -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Related Works -- 3 Cloud-Based Drone Management System -- 3.1 Physical Layer -- 3.2 Cloud Layer -- 3.3 Control Layer -- 4 Components of Drone -- 4.1 Software -- 4.2 Hardware -- 4.3 Communication Method -- 5 Experimental Study and Evaluation -- 5.1 Experimental Setup -- 5.2 Experimental Results -- 5.3 Discussion and Future Research Directions -- 6 Conclusion -- References -- Smart Agriculture: IoD Based Disease Diagnosis Using WPCA and ANN -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Literature Review -- 3 Proposed System Design -- 3.1 The IoD Based System Architecture -- 4 Result and Discussion -- 5 Performance Analysis -- 6 Conclusion -- References -- DroneMap: An IoT Network Security in Internet of Drones -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Overview of IoD and UAV -- 2.1 Layers of UAV Drone -- 2.2 UAV Sensor Technologies in 5G Networks -- 3 Security Threats and Attacks of IoDT (Internet of Drones Things) -- 4 Security Issues Associated by IoD -- 5 Evaluation of IoD Control Sensors -- 6 Conclusions -- References.

Note: Intro -- Preface -- Contents -- Part IIntelligent Systems and Informatics (I) -- 1 Automatic Rules Generation Approach for Data Cleaning in Medical Applications -- Abstract -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Related Work -- 3 Data Quality in Medical Applications -- 4 Proposed Approach -- 5 Experimental Study -- 5.1 Experimental Setting -- 5.2 Experimental Results -- 6 Conclusions -- References -- 2 Action Classification Using Weighted Directional Wavelet LBP Histograms -- Abstract -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Related Work -- 3 Proposed Action Representation and Description -- 3.1 Weighted Directional Wavelet Local Binary Pattern Histogram -- 3.2 Global Description Using Invariant Moments -- 4 Experimental Results -- 4.1 Human Action Dataset -- 4.2 Experiments and Results -- 5 Conclusions -- References -- 3 Markerless Tracking for Augmented Reality Using Different Classifiers -- Abstract -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Related Work -- 3 Theoretical Background -- 4 Methodology -- 4.1 Camera Calibration -- 4.2 Camera Pose Estimation -- 4.3 System Framework -- 4.4 Implementation Details -- 5 Experimental Results -- 6 Conclusion -- References -- 4 An Experimental Comparison Between Seven Classification Algorithms for Activity Recognition -- Abstract -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Related Work -- 3 Classification Methods -- 3.1 Naïve Bayes Classification -- 3.2 K-Nearest Neighbor Classification -- 3.3 Neural Network -- 3.4 Support Vector Machine -- 3.5 Dynamic Time Warping -- 3.6 1 Gesture Recognition -- 3.7 D1 Recognition -- 4 Experimental Methodology and Results -- 5 Discussion and Conclusion -- References -- Machine Learning Based Classification Approach for Predicting Students Performance in Blended Learning -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Core Concepts -- 2.1 Support Vector Machines (SVMs) -- 2.2 Random Forests (RF) -- 3 The Proposed Classification System -- 3.1 Pre-processing Phase. , 3.2 Feature Extraction Phase -- 3.3 Classification Phase -- 4 Experimental Results -- 5 Conclusions and Future Work -- References -- 6 Detection of Dead Stained Microscopic Cells Based on Color Intensity and Contrast -- Abstract -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Literature Survey -- 3 Proposed System -- 4 Result and Discussion -- 5 Conclusion -- Acknowledgment -- References -- Digital Opportunities for 1st Year University Students' Educational Support and Motivational Enhancement -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Testbed -- 3 Getting of the Raw Data -- 4 Results of Feedback -- 5 Numerical Results of Student Activities -- 6 Conclusions -- References -- 8 Building Numbers with Rods: Lesson Plans with Cuisenaire Method -- Abstract -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Lesson Plans -- 2.1 Worksheet 1 -- 2.2 Worksheet 2 -- 3 Application in the Field of ICT -- 4 Conclusion -- References -- Part IIMultimedia Computingand Social Networks -- Telepresence Robot Using Microsoft Kinect Sensor and Video Glasses -- 1 Introduction -- 2 The Proposed System -- 2.1 Human--Robot Interaction Using Microsoft Kinect Sensor -- 2.2 Compositing User's Video and Robot Scene's Video -- 2.3 Telepresence Using Video Glasses -- 3 Experiment Results -- 4 Conclusions -- References -- Video Flash Matting: Video Foreground Object Extraction Using an Intermittent Flash -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Video Flash Matting -- 3 Experiments and Discussions -- 4 Conclusions and Future Work -- References -- Enhanced Region Growing Segmentation for CT Liver Images -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Morphological Operations -- 3 Filtering Techniques: Preliminaries -- 4 Region Growing Segmentation -- 5 CT Liver Segmentation Proposed Approach -- 5.1 Preprocessing Phase: Applying Filters and Ribs Boundary Detection -- 5.2 Region Growing Phase -- 6 Experimental Results and Discussion -- 7 Conclusion and Future Work -- References. , A Multi-Objective Genetic Algorithm for Community Detection in Multidimensional Social Network -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Related Work -- 3 Community Detection in M-D Networks Problem -- 4 Algorithm Description -- 5 Experimental Results -- 5.1 Synthetic Network Dataset -- 5.2 Real World Social Network Data -- 5.3 Further Analysis -- 6 Conclusion and Future Work -- References -- 13 Creativity in the Era of Social Networking: A Case Study at Tertiary Education in the Greek Context -- Abstract -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Literature Review on Creativity and Social Network Tools -- 3 Research Methodology -- 4 Data Analysis and Discussion -- 5 Conclusions -- References -- OCR System for Poor Quality Images Using Chain-Code Representation -- 1 Introduction -- 2 The Proposed System -- 2.1 Characters Extraction -- 2.2 Characters Recognition -- 2.3 Estimated Text Correction -- 3 Experiment Results -- 3.1 Datasets -- 3.2 Results of Chain-Code Representation -- 3.3 Results of the Proposed System -- 4 Conclusions -- References -- Human Thermal Face Extraction Based on SuperPixel Technique -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Theoretical Background -- 2.1 Quick-Shift Method -- 2.2 Otsu's Thresholding Method -- 3 Proposed Thermal Face Extraction Model -- 4 Experimental Results and Discussion -- 5 Conclusion -- References -- Unsupervised Brain MRI Tumor Segmentation with Deformation-Based Feature -- 1 Background -- 2 Methods -- 2.1 Segmentation of Lateral Ventricles -- 2.2 3-Dimensional Alignment -- 2.3 Transforming Lateral Ventricular Deformation to Feature -- 3 Experiments -- 3.1 Experimental Settings and Evaluation Methods -- 3.2 Results and Discussion -- 4 Conclusion -- References -- Face Sketch Synthesis and Recognition Based on Linear Regression Transformation and Multi-Classifier Technique -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Preliminaries -- 2.1 Gabor Features. , 2.2 Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA) -- 2.3 Classifier Fusion -- 3 Proposed Model -- 3.1 Photo to Sketch Transformation -- 3.2 Training Phase -- 3.3 Testing Phase -- 4 Experimental Results and Discussion -- 4.1 Experimental Setup -- 4.2 First Experiment (Photo to Pseudo-Sketch Transformation) -- 4.3 Second Experiment (Face Sketch Recognition) -- 4.4 Discussion -- 5 Conclusions and Future Work -- References -- Part IIISwarms Optimization and Applications -- A New Learning Strategy for Complex-Valued Neural Networks Using Particle Swarm Optimization -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Complex-Valued Neural Networks -- 3 Particle Swarm Optimization -- 4 Problem Formulation -- 5 Data Description and Processing -- 6 Experimental Results -- 7 Conclusions -- References -- A XOR-Based ABC Algorithm for Solving Set Covering Problems -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Problem Description -- 3 Artificial Bee Colony Algorithm -- 4 Improving Solution Quality and Solving Speed -- 5 Experiments and Results -- 6 Conclusions -- References -- 20 Abdominal CT Liver Parenchyma Segmentation Based on Particle Swarm Optimization -- Abstract -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Preliminaries -- 3 The Proposed Segmentation Approach -- 3.1 Preprocessing Phase -- 3.2 CT Image Clustering Based on PSO Phase -- 3.3 Post-Processing Phase: Morphological Operators -- 3.4 Region of Interest Extraction Phase -- 3.5 Evaluation Phase -- 4 Experimental Results and Discussion -- 5 Conclusion and Future Works -- References -- Grey Wolf Optimizer and Case-Based Reasoning Model for Water Quality Assessment -- 1 Introduction -- 2 The Proposed GWO-CBR Hybrid Classification Model -- 2.1 Case Representation Phase -- 2.2 Retrieve Phase -- 2.3 Reuse/Adapt Phase -- 2.4 Revise Phase -- 2.5 Retrain Phase -- 3 Experimental Analysis and Discussion -- 4 Conclusions and Future Work -- References. , New Rough Set Attribute Reduction Algorithm Based on Grey Wolf Optimization -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Preliminaries -- 2.1 Rough Set Theory -- 2.2 Grey Wolf Optimization -- 3 Rough Set Based on Gray Wolf for Attribute Reduction (GWORSAR) -- 4 Experimental Results and Discussions -- 5 Conclusion -- References -- Solving Manufacturing Cell Design Problems Using a Shuffled Frog Leaping Algorithm -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Related Work -- 3 Manufacturing Cell Design Problem -- 3.1 Similarity Matrices -- 4 Shuffled Frog Leaping Algorithm -- 4.1 Discretization of Decision Variables -- 5 Experimental Result -- 6 Conclusion and Future Work -- References -- A Hybrid Bat-Regularized Kaczmarz Algorithm to Solve Ill-Posed Geomagnetic Inverse Problem -- 1 Introduction -- 2 The Proposed Regularized Kaczmarz Model -- 3 Experimental Results and Discussion -- 4 Conclusion and Future Work -- References -- A Fish Detection Approach Based on BAT Algorithm -- 1 Introduction -- 2 The Bat Algorithm: An Overview -- 3 The Proposed Approach -- 4 Experimental Results and Discussion -- 5 Conclusions and Future Directions -- References -- Part IVHybrid Intelligent Systems -- Hybrid Differential Evolution and Simulated Annealing Algorithm for Minimizing Molecular Potential Energy Function -- 1 Introduction -- 2 The Problem of Minimizing Molecular Potential Energy Function -- 3 Hybrid Differential Evolution Algorithm for Minimizing Molecular Potential Energy Function -- 3.1 The Proposed HDESA Algorithm -- 4 Numerical Experiments -- 4.1 Parameter Setting -- 4.2 The General Performance of the Proposed HDESA with the Minimization of Molecular Potential Energy Function Problem -- 4.3 Comparison Between the Proposed HDESA Algorithm and Other Algorithms -- 5 Conclusion -- References -- A Hybrid Classification Model for EMG Signals Using Grey Wolf Optimizer and SVMs -- 1 Introduction. , 2 Related Work.

Note: Intro -- DoSCI-2022 Steering Committee Members -- Preface -- Contents -- Editors and Contributors -- TransCRF-Hybrid Approach for Adverse Event Extraction -- 1 Introduction -- 1.1 Motivation -- 1.2 Contributions -- 2 Related Work -- 3 Proposed Method -- 3.1 Preprocessing and Feature Engineering -- 3.2 Phrase Extraction -- 4 Experimental Results -- 4.1 Datasets -- 4.2 Metrics -- 4.3 Evaluation -- 5 Conclusions -- References -- Process of Recognition of Plant Diseases by Using Hue Histogram, K-Means Clustering and Forward-Propagation Deep Neural Networks -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Related Works -- 3 Proposed Methodology -- 3.1 Preprocessing -- 3.2 Hue-Based Disease Spot Identification -- 3.3 Hue Histogram and K-means-Based Segmentation -- 3.4 Features Extraction -- 3.5 Disease Classification Using FPNN -- 4 Experimental Results -- 4.1 Dataset -- 4.2 Result of Segmentation Algorithms -- 4.3 Neural Network Performance -- 5 Conclusions -- References -- Analysis of Variants of BERT and Big Bird on Question Answering Datasets in the Context of Scientific Research Article Reviews -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Related Works -- 3 BERT and Big Bird a Quick View -- 3.1 BERT -- 3.2 Big Bird -- 3.3 Question Answering Datasets -- 4 Evaluation and Comparison of Various BERT and Big Bird Models -- 5 Conclusions and Observations -- References -- Twitter Opinion Mining on COVID-19 Vaccinations by Machine Learning Presence -- 1 Introduction -- 1.1 Valence Aware Dictionary and Sentiment Reasoner (VADER) -- 1.2 Word to Vector (W-V) -- 1.3 Term Frequency-Inverse Document Frequency (TF-IDF) -- 2 Background Study -- 3 Methodologies -- 3.1 Data Collection (DC) -- 3.2 Text Preparation (TP) -- 3.3 Feature Engineering (FE) and Exploratory Data Analysis (EDA) -- 3.4 Sentiment Analysis (SA)/Opinion Mining (OM) -- 3.5 Sentiment Analysis (SA)/Opinion Mining (OM) with VADER. , 3.6 Lexicon-based Models -- 3.7 Function to Clean and Remove Noise -- 3.8 Summary of VADER Lexicon Analysis (SVLA) -- 3.9 Analysis of Time Based -- 3.10 Inference Based on Probability -- 3.11 VADER Sentiment Analysis -- 3.12 Exploratory Data Analysis -- 3.13 Probabilistic Inference (PI) -- 3.14 Analysis of Correlation -- 3.15 Analyses of Users -- 3.16 Analysis of Word Decomposition -- 3.17 Long Short-term Memory (LSTM) with Confusion Matrix -- 3.18 Matrix of Confusion -- 4 Conclusion -- References -- Blockchain-Based Efficient and Secured Framework for Logistic Management -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Background of Research -- 2.1 Overview of Blockchain -- 2.2 Properties of Blockchain -- 2.3 Types of Blockchain Network -- 3 Cryptographic Method Used in Blockchain -- 4 Blockchain Application in Different Domain -- 5 Review of Literature and Related Work -- 6 Research Problems -- 7 Research Questions -- 8 Research Objectives -- 9 Research Methodology -- 10 Expected Impact -- 11 Conclusion and Future Recommendation -- References -- Blockchain-Based Framework to Handle Security and Privacy for IoT System -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Literature Survey -- 2.1 An Overview of IoT -- 2.2 An Overview of Blockchain -- 3 Research Problem -- 3.1 Research Questions -- 3.2 Research Objectives -- 3.3 Research Methodology -- 4 Expected Impact -- 5 Conclusion -- References -- Knowledge Management Using Blockchain Technology for Digital Resources -- 1 Introduction -- 1.1 Introduction to Blockchain -- 1.2 Blockchain Technology's Characteristics -- 1.3 The Six-Layer Technical Model of the Blockchain -- 2 Research Problem -- 2.1 Research Questions -- 2.2 Research Objectives -- 3 Research Methodology -- 4 Expected Impact -- 5 Conclusion -- References -- Blockchain Mechanism for Resolving Privacy Issues in a Smart City -- 1 Introduction -- 1.1 A Subsection Sample -- 2 Literature Survey. , 2.1 Smart Cities -- 2.2 Security and Privacy Issues in Smart Cities -- 2.3 Blockchain -- 2.4 Types of Blockchain -- 2.5 Use Cases of Blockchain to Handle Security and Privacy in Different Domains -- 3 Research Problem -- 3.1 Research Questions -- 3.2 Research Objectives -- 3.3 Research Methodology -- 4 Expected Impact -- 5 Conclusion -- References -- Design and Analysis of 50 Channel by 40 Gbps DWDM-RoF System for 5G Communication Based on Fronthaul Scenario -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Previous Publications -- 3 Methodologies -- 4 The Proposed System -- 4.1 Tx Part -- 4.2 Transmission Part -- 4.3 Rx Part -- 5 Results and Discussion -- 6 Conclusion -- References -- A Semantic Approach to Data Integration from Clinical Polystore -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Background -- 2.1 R2RML and RML Data Mappings -- 2.2 Ontology -- 3 Related Work -- 4 Architecture for Semantic Data Integration -- 5 Clinical Data Integration Through Query Translation -- 5.1 Motivating Scenerio -- 5.2 Ontology-Based Clinical Data Integration -- 6 Conclusion -- References -- Service Matter Judgement Prediction Using Machine Learning -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Machine Learning Model -- 3 Judgement Prediction Model -- 4 Dataset and Feature Identification -- 5 Feature Impact Analysis -- 6 Experimental Results -- 7 Outcome Analysis and Discussion -- 8 Conclusion and Future Scope -- References -- Predicting Smart Building Occupancy Using Machine Learning -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Related Work -- 3 Dataset and Machine Learning Model Used for Experiment -- 3.1 Dataset -- 3.2 Machine Learning Model -- 4 Result and Discussion -- 5 Conclusion and Future Scope -- References -- Formal Specification of Dynamic Load-Based Coordinator Selection Algorithm with Recovery in Distributed Systems -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Related Work -- 3 System Model -- 4 Formal Modeling Technique: Event-B. , 5 Formal Specification of the Proposed Algorithm Using Refinement Levels -- 6 Conclusion and Future Work -- References -- Smart Cities Population Classification Using Hadoop MapReduce -- 1 Introduction -- 1.1 Management of Big Data in Smart City -- 1.2 Hadoop MapReduce -- 2 Related Works -- 3 Problem Statement -- 4 Aim of Study and Objectives -- 5 Objectives -- 6 Proposed System -- 7 Methodology -- 7.1 First Experiment -- 7.2 Second Experiment -- 7.3 Third Experiment -- 7.4 Fourth Experiment -- 7.5 Fifth Experiment -- 8 Conclusion -- References -- Performance Evaluation of Optimizers in the Classification of Marble Surface Quality Using CNN -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Materials and Methods -- 2.1 Dataset Collection and Preprocessing -- 2.2 Methodology -- 2.3 Model Training -- 3 Results -- 3.1 Analysis of Machine Learning Algorithms with Base and Augmented Dataset -- 4 Conclusion -- References -- Predictive Analysis on Customer Churn Using Machine Learning Algorithms -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Related Works -- 2.1 Data Mining Techniques -- 2.2 Churn Models Developed -- 3 Methodology -- 4 Result -- 4.1 Random Forest -- 4.2 XGBOOST Classifier -- 4.3 Hybrid Model -- 5 Conclusion -- References -- Data Fusion-Based Smart Condition Monitoring of Critically Applied Rotating Machines -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Methodology -- 3 Technique Used -- 3.1 Feature Extraction in the Time Domain -- 3.2 Feature Selection Techniques -- 3.3 Classification Techniques -- 4 Results and Discussion -- 5 Conclusion -- References -- Depression Level Determination Using Deep Learning to Help Students in the COVID-19 Pandemic Situation -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Background Study -- 3 Proposed System -- 4 Results and Analysis -- 5 Conclusion and Future Work -- References -- Recognition and Classification of Facial Expressions Using Artificial Neural Networks -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Related Works. , 3 State of the Art -- 3.1 Emotion Recognition -- 3.2 SFEW and Recognition -- 4 Generative Adversarial Networks -- 4.1 Good Representations of the Data -- 4.2 DCGAN's Work Contributes in Several Ways to the State of the Art -- 5 Datasets -- 5.1 FER 2013 -- 5.2 CASIA -- 5.3 CK+ -- 5.4 SFEW 2015 -- 6 Methodology -- 6.1 First Pre-processing Methodology -- 6.2 Second Pre-processing Methodology -- 7 Experimentation -- 7.1 Conventional Knowledge Transfer -- 7.2 Knowledge Transfer Using GANs -- 8 Results and Discussion -- 9 Conclusion -- References -- Maize Leaf Disease Detection Using Convolutional Neural Network -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Literature Review -- 3 Proposed System -- 3.1 Dataset Description -- 3.2 Convolutional Neural Network -- 3.3 Xception Architecture -- 3.4 Inception Architecture -- 4 Experimental Results and Discussion -- 5 Conclusion and Future Works -- References -- Yield Forecast of Soyabean Crop Using Peephole LSTM Framework -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Related Works -- 3 Methodology -- 4 Dataset -- 5 Experimentation Settings -- 6 Results -- 7 Conclusion and Future Scope -- References -- Vehicle Object Detection Using Open CV -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Related Work on Vehicle Tracking -- 3 Related Works on Vehicle Detection -- 4 System Architecture -- 5 Vehicle Dataset -- 6 Proposed Methodology -- 6.1 YOLO for Object Detection -- 6.2 Open CV -- 6.3 Coco Dataset -- 7 Experimental Results -- 8 Conclusion and Future Scope -- References -- Using AI-Based Approaches in Health Care for Predicting Health Issues in Pregnant Women -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Literature Survey -- 3 Experimental Setup Used for the Research Work -- 4 Forecasting of Length of Stay Using Machine Learning Approaches -- 4.1 Building Classification Predictive Model -- 4.2 Experimentation -- 4.3 Dataset Used -- 4.4 Performance Analysis of Data Mining Models -- 5 Conclusion -- References. , Industrial IoT with Secure Authentication Mechanism Through Blockchain Technology.

Note: Intro -- ICICC-2021 Steering Committee Members -- Preface -- Contents -- About the Editors -- Automatic Removal of Eye Blink Artefacts from EEG Data Using Spatio-Temporal Features -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Experimental Design and Data Acquisition -- 3 Proposed Enhanced Artefact Elimination Algorithm -- 3.1 EEG Data Pre-Processing -- 3.2 EEG Dataset Epoching -- 3.3 Independent Components Extraction and Artefact Removal Success Indicator Calculation -- 3.4 Artefact Removal and Success Indicator Calculation -- 4 Results -- 5 Conclusion -- References -- Autoencoder-Based Model for Detecting Accounting Statement Fraud -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Literature Review -- 3 Research Methodology -- 3.1 Data and Variables -- 4 Data Analysis and Interpretation -- 4.1 Artificial Neural Network -- 4.2 Autoencoder -- 4.3 Network Training -- 5 Fraud Detection -- 6 Discussion -- 7 Conclusion -- References -- Increase in Mental Health Cases Post COVID Outbreak -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Background Study -- 3 Methodology -- 3.1 About the Dataset -- 3.2 Environmental Setup -- 3.3 Libraries Used -- 4 Results and Discussion -- 4.1 Dataset Evaluation -- 4.2 Heat Map Comparison -- 4.3 KNN Result -- 5 Future Scope -- 6 Conclusion -- References -- An Efficient Approach to Predict Fear of Human's Mind During COVID-19 Outbreaks Utilizing Data Mining Technique -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Related Works -- 3 Methodology -- 3.1 Data Collection -- 3.2 Data Preprocessing -- 3.3 Data Handling -- 3.4 Classifier Selection -- 4 Outcomes -- 5 Conclusion -- References -- Evolutionary Algorithms for Face Recognition with Mask -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Methodology -- 2.1 Dataset -- 3 Data Augmentation -- 4 Feature Extraction and Normalization -- 5 Feature Selection -- 5.1 Crow Search Algorithm (CSA) -- 5.2 Cuttle Fish Algorithm (CFA) -- 5.3 Classification -- 6 Results -- 7 Conclusion and Future Scope. , References -- Stock Price Prediction Using Reinforcement Learning -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Related Works -- 3 Reinforcement Learning -- 4 Stock Price Prediction -- 5 Methodology -- 6 Experimental Work -- 7 Conclusion -- References -- Sentiment Analysis of Bangla Text Using Gated Recurrent Neural Network -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Related Work -- 3 Methodology -- 3.1 Dataset Collection -- 3.2 Features Extraction -- 3.3 Dataset Training -- 3.4 Gated Recurrent Unit Network (GRU) -- 4 Result and Analysis -- 5 Conclusion -- References -- Leveraging User Comments in Tweets for Rumor Detection -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Related Work -- 3 Proposed Approach of Leveraging User Comments for Rumor Detection -- 4 Results and Discussion -- 5 Conclusion -- References -- A Cost-Efficient QCA XOR Function Based Arithmetic Logic Unit for Nanotechnology Applications -- 1 Introduction -- 2 A Brief Oversight of Quantum-Dot Cellular Automata -- 2.1 Majority Gate -- 2.2 QCA Clocking -- 2.3 QCA Designer -- 3 QCA-based Proposed Logic Design -- 3.1 Reviews on XOR Gate -- 3.2 Proposed QCA Architecture of XOR Gate Topology -- 3.3 Proposed Full Adder Usıng Proposed XOR (N7) Gate -- 3.4 Proposed Full Subtractor Using Proposed XOR Gate (N7) -- 3.5 1-bit ALU Architecture -- 4 Simulation Result and Discussion -- 5 Conclusıon -- References -- Forecasting of PM10 Using Intelligent Crow Search Algorithm Tuned Feed-Forward Neural Network -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Intelligent Crow Search Algorithm -- 3 Construction of the Forecasting Architecture Model -- 4 Results -- 5 Conclusion -- References -- A Hybrid Fusion-Based Algorithm for Underwater Image Enhancement Using Fog Aware Density Evaluator and Mean Saturation -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Proposed Method -- 2.1 Multiscale Fusion -- 2.2 Gray World White Balancing Algorithm -- 2.3 Red-Compensated White Balancing Algorithm+Gray World Algorithm. , 2.4 Edge Preserving Decomposition-Based Single Image Haze Removal Algorithm -- 2.5 Fog Aware Density Evaluator -- 3 Results and Discussion -- 4 Conclusion -- References -- Application of Hybridized Whale Optimization for Protein Structure Prediction -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Protein Structure Prediction Problem (PSP) -- 2.1 Problem Formulation -- 3 Hybrid Whale Optimization Algorithm -- 4 Results -- 4.1 Wilcoxon Rank-Sum Test -- 4.2 Convergence Property Analysis -- 4.3 Box Plot Analysis -- 5 Conclusion -- References -- Clinical Named Entity Recognition Methods: An Overview -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Literature Review -- 2.1 Machine-Learning-Based Methods -- 2.2 Deep-Learning-Based Methods -- 2.3 Active-Learning-Based Methods -- 2.4 Other Clinical Named Entity Recognition Methods -- 3 Research Gap and Issues -- 4 Analysis and Discussion -- 4.1 Analysis Using Published year -- 4.2 Analysis Using Methods -- 4.3 Analysis Using Evaluation Metrics -- 4.4 Analysis Using Values of Performance Metrics -- 5 Conclusion -- References -- Mobile Phone SMS Notification Behavior Analysis Using Machine Learning Technique -- 1 Introduction and Background -- 2 Literature Review -- 3 Methodology -- 3.1 Overview of Dataset -- 3.2 Block Diagram -- 3.3 Dataset Preprocessing -- 3.4 Noise Reduction from Dataset -- 3.5 Classification Methods -- 4 Performance Analysis -- 4.1 Assessment Metric -- 4.2 Assessment Results -- 5 Conclusion -- References -- Computer Vision with Deep Learning Techniques for Neurodegenerative Diseases Analysis Using Neuroimaging: A Survey -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Neurodegenerative Diseases and Types -- 3 Neuroimaging in Disease Diagnosis -- 4 Computer Vision-Based Framework for Medical Image Analysis -- 5 Related Work -- 6 Challenges or Research Questions -- 7 Conclusion and Future Work -- References. , Breast Cancer Risk Prediction Using Different Clustering Techniques -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Related Works -- 3 Methodology -- 3.1 Instances and Dataset -- 3.2 Missing Data Handling -- 3.3 Find the Optimal Number of Clusters -- 3.4 Elbow Method (WCSS Method) -- 3.5 Dendrogram -- 3.6 Applying Principal Component Analysis (PCA) with Kernel -- 3.7 Radial Basis Function Kernel (RBF) -- 3.8 Applying Clustering -- 3.9 K-Means Cluster -- 3.10 Hierarchical Clustering (HC) -- 4 Experimented Analysis and Discussions -- 4.1 Accuracy (ACCR) -- 4.2 Precision (PRC) -- 4.3 Recall (Sensitivity) (RECL) -- 4.4 F1-Score -- 4.5 Specificity (SPE) -- 4.6 Explanation of the Analysis -- 5 Conclusion -- References -- Learner Model of Intelligent Tutoring System Based on Bayesian Network -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Overview of Intelligent Tutoring System -- 2.1 ITS Mechanisms -- 3 Learner Model of ITS Based on Bayesian Network -- 3.1 Bayesian Network -- 4 Bayesian Learner Model Assessment -- 5 Conclusion -- References -- CADBAIG: Context-Aware Dictionary-Based Automated Insight Generator -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Related Work -- 3 Proposed Approach: CADBAIG (Context-Aware Dictionary-Based Automated Insight Generator) -- 4 Working of CADBAIG on a Sample Research Paper -- 5 Results and Comparative Analysis -- 6 Conclusion and Future Work -- References -- Human Depression Prediction Using Association Rule Mining Technique -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Existing Works -- 3 Methodology -- 3.1 Collection of Data -- 3.2 Data Preprocessing -- 3.3 Chi-Square Correlation -- 3.4 Association Rule Mining -- 3.5 Simulation Environment -- 3.6 R Packages -- 4 Outcomes -- 5 Conclusion -- References -- Implementation of A Smart Helmet with Alcohol and Fall Detection and Navigation System -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Literature Survey -- 3 Methodology -- 3.1 Fall Detection System -- 3.2 Alcohol Detection System. , 3.3 Navigation System -- 3.4 Microcontroller and Implementation -- 4 Algorithm -- 5 Analysis and Results -- 6 Conclusion -- References -- BlockFITS: A Federated Data Augmentation Modelling for Blockchain-Based IoVT Systems -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Literature Review -- 2.1 Internet of Vehicular Things (IoVT) -- 2.2 Blockchain -- 2.3 Federated Learning -- 2.4 Data Augmentation -- 3 System Model -- 3.1 Requisite Definitions -- 3.2 Workflow of the System -- 4 Conclusion -- References -- Comparative Analysis for Improving Accuracy of Image Classification Using Deep Learning Architectures -- 1 Introduction -- 1.1 Motivation -- 1.2 Problem Identification -- 1.3 Solution -- 2 Dataset -- 3 Related Architecture Work -- 4 Result Analysis -- 5 Model Compilation, Training, and Model Evaluation -- 6 Discussion and Comparison -- 7 Future Scope -- 8 Experiment Approach -- 9 Limitation and Precaution -- 10 Conclusion -- References -- Infrared Thermography-Based Facial Classification Using Machine Learning -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Infrared Thermography-Based Face Recognition -- 2.1 Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT) -- 3 Feature Extraction -- 4 Feature Reduction and Selection -- 5 Results and Discussion -- 6 Conclusion -- References -- An Efficient Cluster Assignment Algorithm for Scaling Support Vector Clustering -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Background Literature -- 2.1 Background: Core Vector Machines -- 2.2 Background: Ball Vector Machine -- 3 Efficient Cluster Computation : Proposed Approach -- 3.1 Proposed Efficient Clustering Approach -- 3.2 Experimental Setup -- 4 Results and Discussions -- 5 Conclusions -- References -- In Silico Analysis of Plant-Derived Medicinal Compounds Against Spike Protein of SARS-CoV-2 and Ace2 -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Methodology -- 2.1 Data Collection and Preparation -- 2.2 Binding Site Selection and Preparation -- 2.3 Molecular Docking. , 3 Results.

Note: Preface -- Organization -- Honarary Chair -- General Chair -- International Advisory Board -- Track Chairs -- Publicity Chairs -- International Program Committee -- Workshop/Special Session Chair -- Local Arrangement Committee -- Plenary Speakers -- The Story and Future of WiFi -- Biography -- A Look at the Working World of Tomorrow's Digital Society -- Biography -- Tutorial -- Pattern Recognition in Intelligent Systems -- Biography -- Contents -- Intelligent Language Processing Track -- Further Investigations for Documents Information Retrieval Based on DWT -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Background -- 2.1 Term Signal -- 2.2 Weighting Scheme -- 2.3 Applying Wavelet Transform -- 3 A Further Investigation to DWT -- 3.1 Document Segmentation -- 3.2 Term Weighting -- 4 Experiments and Results -- 5 Conclusion -- References -- Knowledge Representation in Intelligent Tutoring System -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Features of the Knowledge Representation in ITS -- 3 Comparison Between Knowledge Representation Approaches -- 4 Approaches Analysis -- 5 Representing a Bayesian Network with the Taxonomy -- 6 Conclusions -- References -- Multimodal Graph-Based Dependency Parsing of Natural Language -- Abstract -- 1 Introduction and Motivation -- 2 Previous Work -- 2.1 Dependency Parsing -- 2.2 Context Representation -- 3 Context-Integrating Dependency Parser -- 4 Solution Architecture -- 5 Experiments -- 5.1 Dataset Preparation -- 5.2 Experiments Results -- 6 Conclusion -- 7 Future Work -- References -- Arabic Text Classification Based on Word and Document Embeddings -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Related Work -- 3 Neural Embedding Models -- 3.1 Continuous Bag-of-Words Model (CBOW) -- 3.2 Skip-Gram Model -- 3.3 Glove Model -- 3.4 Document Embedding -- 3.5 Document Embeddings Based on Word Vectors Averaging -- 4 Experimental Results -- 4.1 Evaluation Method and Data. , 4.2 Evaluation Results -- 5 Conclusion -- References -- An Enhanced Distance Based Similarity Measure for User Based Recommendations -- Abstract -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Related Work -- 3 Enhanced Distance Based Similarity Measure -- 4 Experimental Evaluation -- 4.1 Datasets -- 4.2 Experiment Setup -- 4.3 Evaluation Metrics -- 4.4 Experimental Results -- 5 Conclusion -- References -- Semantic-Based Feature Reduction Approach for E-mail Classification -- Abstract -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Related Work -- 3 Proposed System Architecture -- 4 Feature Reduction and Weighting -- 5 Classifiers -- 5.1 Naïve Bayes -- 5.2 Support Vector Machine -- 5.3 J48 Classifier -- 5.4 Logistic Regression -- 5.5 Random Forest -- 6 Experimental Evaluation and Discussion -- 6.1 Evaluation Measures -- 6.2 Results and Discussion -- 7 Conclusion and Future Work -- References -- A New Method for Interoperability Between Lexical Resources Using MDA Approach -- Abstract -- 1 Introduction -- 2 State of the Art -- 2.1 Lexical Resources -- 2.2 MDA Transformation -- 2.3 Interoperability Issue -- 3 Proposed Method -- 3.1 Achievement of the Two Independent Models PIM (Source and Target) of Each LR and Source PSM -- 3.2 Achievement of the Transformation Module in ATL -- 3.3 Generation of the Specific Model PSM (OWL-DL) -- 4 Implantation: Transformation of LMF Lexicon to OWL-DL Ontology Using MDA Approach -- 5 Discussions -- 6 Conclusion -- References -- Statistical Machine Translation Context Modelling with Recurrent Neural Network and LDA -- Abstract -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Related Work -- 3 Proposed Approach -- 3.1 Data Sets and Experimental Setup -- 3.2 Proposed Model -- 3.3 Latent Dirichlet Allocation for Context Modeling -- 4 Experiment -- 5 Results -- 6 Conclusion and Future Work -- Optimizing Fuzzy Inference Systems for Improving Speech Emotion Recognition -- 1 Introduction. , 2 Speech Material -- 3 The Proposed Optimization Method -- 3.1 Particle Swarm Optimization Method for Cluster Radii -- 4 Speech Emotion Recognition System -- 4.1 Emotion Dimension Estimation -- 4.2 Emotional Classification -- 5 Conclusion -- References -- Tree-Based HMM State Tying for Arabic Continuous Speech Recognition -- Abstract -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Related Work -- 3 The Proposed Approach -- 3.1 Context Independent Stage -- 3.2 Context Dependent Stage -- 3.3 HMM State Tying Using Arabic Phonetic Decision Tree -- 4 Experiments and Results -- 5 Conclusion and Future Work -- References -- Arabic Fine-Grained Opinion Categorization Using Discriminative Machine Learning Technique -- Abstract -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Related Work -- 2.1 English Fine-Grained Categorization -- 2.2 Arabic Fine Grained Categorization -- 3 Our Proposed Approach -- 3.1 Dataset -- 3.2 Arabic Opinion Taxonomy -- 3.3 OPINAR Lexicon -- 4 Experiments on Arabic Opinion Categorization Using CRF -- 4.1 CRF (Conditional Random Fields) -- 4.2 Tasks -- 4.3 Interpretations -- 5 Conclusion -- References -- Towards Improving Sentiment Analysis in Arabic -- Abstract -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Related Work -- 3 Data Collection -- 4 Implementation of Arabic Sentiment Analysis -- 5 Evaluation and Results -- 6 Error Analysis -- 7 Conclusion -- References -- A Spell Correction Model for OCR Errors for Arabic Text -- Abstract -- 1 Introduction -- 1.1 Arabic Orthographic Properties -- 1.2 OCR Errors -- 2 The Previous Work -- 3 The Proposed Model Description -- 3.1 Constructing the "Wrong Shape" Table -- 3.2 Normalization -- 3.3 Alignment -- 3.4 Calculating the Probability -- 4 Using the Character Model in Correcting Arabic OCR Errors -- 4.1 Segmentation -- 4.2 Replacement Characters and Generate Candidates -- 4.3 Calculate the Bayes' Rule -- 5 Experimental Results -- 5.1 Training and Test Data. , 6 Conclusion and Future Work -- Acknowledgements -- References -- AKEA: An Arabic Keyphrase Extraction Algorithm -- Abstract -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Related Work -- 3 Proposed Arabic Keyphrase Extractor Algorithm (AKEA) -- 4 Evaluation -- 4.1 Data Set -- 4.2 Evaluation Metrics -- 4.3 Evaluation Results -- 5 Conclusion -- Lexicon Free Arabic Speech Recognition Recipe -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Related Work -- 3 Arabic Speech Recognition System -- 3.1 Acoustic Model -- 3.2 Language Model -- 3.3 Decoding -- 4 Front-End Preparation -- 4.1 Convert the Arabic Text to Latin (Transcription Process) -- 4.2 Convert the Transcription to Alias -- 4.3 Voice Feature Extraction -- 5 The Experiment -- 6 Results -- 7 Conclusion -- References -- Agent Productivity Measurement in Call Center Using Machine Learning -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Proposed Framework -- 2.1 Productivity Measurement Definition -- 2.2 Speech Recognition and Speaker Diarization -- 2.3 Sentiment Analysis -- 2.4 Data Validity -- 3 Front-End Preparation -- 3.1 Audio Diarization and Speech Recognition -- 3.2 Converting the Arabic Text into Latin (Transcription Process) -- 3.3 Training the Naïve Bayes Classifier -- 4 The Experiment -- 5 Results -- 6 Conclusion -- References -- Natural Language Processing for Arabic Metaphors: A Conceptual Approach -- Abstract -- 1 Introduction -- 1.1 Definition of Metaphors -- 1.2 Types of Metaphors -- 2 Arabic Language -- 2.1 Classical Arabic -- 2.2 Modern Standard Arabic -- 2.3 Dialect Arabic -- 3 Metaphors in Arabic -- 3.1 Metaphors in MSA -- 3.2 Metaphors in Holy Qura'n -- 3.3 Metaphors in Dialect Arabic -- 4 Arabic Metaphors in Natural Language Processing -- 4.1 Machine Translation for Arabic Metaphors -- 5 Conclusion -- References -- Alserag: An Automatic Diacritization System for Arabic -- Abstract -- 1 Introduction -- 2 System Architecture. , 3 Development of the System Resources -- 3.1 Dictionary -- 3.2 The Linguistic Rules -- 4 Evaluation and Benchmarking -- 5 Conclusion -- References -- Using Text Mining to Analyze Real Estate Classifieds -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Data Preparation -- 3 Using Text Mining to Analyze Classifieds -- 3.1 Text Mining -- 3.2 Feature Selection and Preprocessing -- 3.3 Linear Regression -- 4 Analysis -- 5 Related Work -- 6 Conclusion and Future Work -- References -- Intelligent Systems Track -- Mitigating Malware Attacks via Secure Routing in Intelligent Device-to-Device Communications -- 1 Introduction -- 1.1 Problem Definition and Related Work -- 1.2 Summary of Contributions -- 2 System Model -- 2.1 Environment -- 2.2 Network Set-Up -- 3 Repeated Malware-Defense Secure Routing Games (RMSR) -- 4 Repeated Malware-Defense Secure Routing Protocol -- 5 Performance Evaluation -- 6 Conclusion and Future Work -- References -- An Efficient System for Finding Functional Motifs in Genomic DNA Sequences by Using Nature-Inspired Algorithms -- Abstract -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Problem Definition and Related Work -- 2.1 The Motif Finding Problem -- 2.2 Current Motif Finding Algorithms and Related Work -- 3 Methods and Materials -- 3.1 Cuckoo Search Algorithm (CS) -- 3.2 Modified Adaptive Cuckoo Search (MACS) -- 3.3 Hybridizing GSA and PSO -- 4 Problem Formulation -- 4.1 Motifs Representation -- 4.2 Objective Function -- 5 Experimental Results -- 6 Results and Discussions -- 7 Discussion -- 8 Conclusions -- References -- Security as a Service Model for Cloud Storage -- Abstract -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Related Work -- 3 The Proposed Security as a Service Model -- 3.1 The Proposed Authentication Sub-system -- 3.2 The Proposed Access Control Sub-system -- 3.3 The Proposed Auditing Sub-system -- 3.4 The Proposed Data Management Sub-system -- 4 Experiments and Discussion. , 5 Conclusion.

Note: Intro -- Title Page -- Preface -- Organization -- Contents -- Invited Papers -- Sequence Package Analysis and Soft Computing: Introducing a New Hybrid Method to Adjust to the Fluid and Dynamic Nature of Human Speech -- Introduction -- A New Hybrid Method -- BNF (Backus-Naur Form) -- Domain-Independent -- Language-Independent -- Granularity -- Illustrations -- High Anger Level -- Moderate Anger Level -- Coda -- References -- Controller Tuning Using a Cauchy Mutated Artificial Bee Colony Algorithm -- Introduction -- Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor -- Problem Formulation -- Artificial Bee Colony Algorithm -- Modified Artificial Bee Colony Algorithm -- Experimental Results -- Application to Parameter Estimation of PI Controller in PMSM Drive -- Conclusions -- References -- Image Analysis and Processing -- Automatic Detection of White Grapes in Natural Environment Using Image Processing -- Introduction -- DDR Unique Characteristics and Their Impact on the System -- The Grape Recognition System -- Results and Discussion -- Conclusions and OngoingWork -- References -- Securing Patients Medical Images and Authentication System Based on Public Key Infrastructure -- Introduction -- Securing Patients Medical Images and Authentication System -- The RSA Encryption/Decryption Algorithm -- DCT Embedding/Extracting Watermarked Algorithm -- Experimental Results and Performance Analysis -- Conclusions -- References -- Image Segmentation Using Ant System-Based Clustering Algorithm -- Introduction -- Related Work -- Ant System-Based Clustering Algorithm -- Pheromone Accumulation -- Local Pheromone Summing -- Data Labeling -- Experimental Results and Discussion -- Conclusions -- References -- Validation of a Hyperspectral Content-Based Information Retrieval (RS-CBIR) System Upon Scarce Data -- Introduction -- Hyperspectral CBIR System -- The DAMA Strategy. , RS-CBIR Validation -- CBIR Quality Assessment -- Proposed Validation Strategy -- Experiment and Results -- Conclusions -- References -- A Robust Algorithm for Enhancement of Remotely Sensed Images Based on Wavelet Transform -- Introduction -- Related Work -- Wavelet Transform -- Wavelet Shrinkage -- Wavelet-Based Denoising Algorithm -- Experiment -- Preprocessing -- Results and Discussion -- Conclusion and Future Work -- References -- ARIAS: Automated Retinal Image Analysis System -- Introduction -- AnOverview -- Automated Retinal Image Analysis System (ARIAS) -- Pre-processing Phase -- Segmentation Phase -- Vessel Tree Tracking Phase -- Identification Phase -- Experimental Results and Discussion -- Conclusions and Future Work -- References -- Contrast Enhancement of Breast MRI Images Based on Fuzzy Type-II -- Introduction -- An Overview -- MRI Breast Imaging Technology -- Fuzzy Image Processing -- Type-II Fuzzy Sets Enhancement Algorithm -- Experimental Results -- Conclusions -- References -- Intelligent Systems -- Tree Generation Methods Comparison in GAP Problems with Low Quality Data -- Introduction -- White Box Models SAP Learning with LQD -- Tree-Generation Algorithms -- Experimentation and Results -- Conclusions and Future Work -- References -- Neural-Network- Based Modeling of Electric Discharge Machining Process -- Introduction -- Artificial Neural Network -- Neural Network Modeling Considerations -- Network Architecture -- Learning Rate Coefficient -- Momentum Term -- Data Preprocessing -- Experiments -- Neural Network Training -- Results -- Conclusion -- References -- An Adaptive Sigmoidal Activation Function Cascading Neural Networks -- Introduction -- The Proposed Algorithm -- Network Growing Strategy and Adaptive Sigmoidal Activation Function -- Adaptive Sigmoidal Activation Function Cascading Neural Network -- Experimental Design. , Results and Discussions -- Conclusion -- References -- Loop Strategies and Application of Rough Set Theory in Robot Soccer Game -- Introduction -- Strategy Description -- Loop Strategy Detection -- Detection of Loop Strategies -- Conclusion -- References -- Learning Patterns from Data by an Evolutionary-Fuzzy Approach -- Introduction -- Genetic Programming for Classifier Evolution -- Fuzzy Classifier -- Experiments -- Conclusions -- References -- A Predictive Control System for Concrete Plants. Application of RBF Neural Networks for Reduce Dosing Inaccuracies -- Introduction -- System Description -- Application of RBF in Predicting Radial -- Results -- References -- Weighted Cross-Validation Evolving Artificial Neural Networks to Forecast Time Series -- Introduction -- Time Series Forecasting with Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) -- Automatic Design of Artificial Neural Networks (ADANN) -- Cross-Validation -- Ensembles -- Experiments and Results -- Conclusions -- References -- Multi-agents and Ambient Intelligence -- Role Playing Games and Emotions in Dispute Resolution Environments -- Introduction -- Ambient Intelligence and Online Dispute Resolution -- Intelligent Environments for Dispute Resolution -- Simulation of Users -- Simulation of Emotions -- Conclusion and Future Work -- References -- Image Processing to Detect and Classify Situations and States of Elderly People -- Introduction -- Detector Agent -- Preprocess, Extraction of Relevant Information -- Mixture of Classifiers, General Process -- Classifiers -- Relevant Factors -- Classification Model -- Results and Conclusions -- References -- Soft Computing Models for the Development of Commercial Conversational Agents -- Introduction -- Our Proposal to Introduce Soft Computing Models in Commercial Conversational Agents. , Soft Computing Approach Proposed for the Implementation of the Dialog Manager -- Development of a Railway Information System Using the Proposed Technique -- Evaluation of the Developed Conversational Agent -- Conclusions -- References -- Regulatory Model for AAL -- Introduction -- Legal Issues in Biometric Identification -- Principles of a Regulatory Model -- Regulatory Model for AAL Developments -- Conclusions -- References -- Classification and Clustering Methods -- Austenitic Stainless Steel EN 1.4404 Corrosion Detection Using Classification Techniques -- Introduction -- Methodology -- Experimental Procedure -- Results -- Conclusions -- References -- Prediction of Peak Concentrations of PM10 in the Area of Campo de Gibraltar (Spain) Using Classification Models -- Introduction -- The Study Area and the Data -- Methodology -- Experimental Procedure -- Results and Discussion -- Conclusions -- References -- A Rough Clustering Algorithm Based on Entropy Information -- Introduction -- Rough Sets: Foundations -- Discretization -- Discretization Method Selection -- Proposed Clustering Algorithm -- Implementation and Experiments -- Evaluation Criteria and Performance Analysis -- Evaluation Criteria -- Performance Analysis -- Conclusions and Future Work -- References -- Credit Scoring Data for Information Asset Analysis -- Introduction -- Related Work -- Models -- Algorithms -- Tools and Frameworks -- Problem Description -- Classification Algorithms -- Multilayer Perceptron -- Feature Selection Algorithm -- Neural Networks with Feature Selection -- Analysis -- Suggestive System -- Case Study -- Proposed Algorithm -- Results -- Conclusion -- References -- Evolutionary Computation -- Improving Steel Industrial Processes Using Genetic Algorithms and Finite Element Method -- Introduction -- Experiences and Results -- Tuning traightening rocess of teel ections. , Optimising Tension evelling rocess -- Optimising the Material Behaviour Model in Finite Element Models -- Conclusion -- References -- Genetic Algorithms Combined with the Finite Elements Method as an Efficient Methodology for the Design of Tapered Roller Bearings -- Introduction -- Proposed Methodology -- Creating the Reduced Non-linear Model. Step 1 -- Replacing the Rollers by Beams. Step 2 -- Application of Genetic Algorithms. Step 3 -- Replacement of Beams and Plates in Full Model -- Case Study and Results -- Conclusions -- References -- An Interactive Genetic Algorithm for the Unequal Area Facility Layout Problem -- Introduction -- Problem Formulation -- Suggested Approach -- Layout Representation -- Encoding Structure -- Interactive Genetic Algorithm -- Test Example -- Test Methodology -- Conclusions -- References -- Combining Evolutionary Generalized Radial Basis Function and Logistic Regression Methods for Classification -- Introduction -- Generalized Radial Basis Function -- Neuro-Logistic models -- Estimation of Neuro-Logistic Parameters -- Experiments -- Database Description -- Experimental Design and Statistical Analysis -- Conclusions -- References -- Applications -- Short-Term Wind Energy Forecasting Using Support Vector Regression -- Introduction -- Problem Description -- Formalization -- NREL Data -- Related Work -- Support Vector Regression -- Experimental Analysis -- Loss Function Parameter Study -- Small-Scale Analysis: Wind Grid Point Level -- Large-Scale Analysis: Wind Park Level -- Conclusion -- References -- An Efficient Hybrid Soft Computing Approach to the Generalized Vehicle Routing Problem -- Introduction -- The Local-Global Approach to the GVRP -- An Efficient Algorithm for Solving the Generalized Vehicle Routing Problem -- Genetic Representation -- The Fitness Value -- Initial Population -- Genetic Operators. , Genetic Parameters.

Note: Intro -- Preface -- Contents -- Machine Learning in Feature Selection -- Hybrid Feature Selection Method Based on the Genetic Algorithm and Pearson Correlation Coefficient -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Feature Selection Based on Hybridization -- 2.1 Evolutionary Algorithms -- 2.2 The Genetic Algorithm -- 2.3 Hybrid Feature Selection -- 3 The Proposed Approach: Hybrid Feature Selection Based on the GA and PCC -- 3.1 GA for the Proposed Method -- 3.2 Pearson Correlation Coefficient (PCC) -- 3.3 Merging Feature Subsplits -- 4 Experimetal Study -- 4.1 Datasets -- 4.2 Performance Measures -- 4.3 Experiments and Discussion -- 5 Conclusion -- References -- Weighting Attributes and Decision Rules Through Rankings and Discretisation Parameters -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Background -- 2.1 Nature of Stylometric Data -- 2.2 Ranking of Features -- 2.3 Supervised Discretisation -- 2.4 CRSA Classifiers -- 2.5 Weighting Rules -- 3 Framework of Experiments -- 3.1 Weighting Features -- 3.2 CRSA Decision Rules -- 3.3 Weighting Rules -- 4 Test Results -- 5 Conclusions -- References -- Greedy Selection of Attributes to Be Discretised -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Discretisation -- 2.1 Supervised Discretisation -- 2.2 Test Sets Discretisation -- 3 Greedy Methods for Selection of Attributes -- 3.1 Forward Sequential Selection -- 3.2 Backward Sequential Selection -- 4 Experiments and Results -- 4.1 Classifier -- 4.2 Experimental Datasets -- 4.3 Results -- 5 Conclusions -- References -- Machine Learning in Classification and Ontology -- Machine Learning for Enhancement Land Cover and Crop Types Classification -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Related Work -- 3 Materials and Classifiers -- 3.1 Study Area and Satellite Images -- 3.2 Ground Truth Datasets -- 3.3 Classifiers -- 4 Experimental Results -- 4.1 Experiments Setup -- 4.2 Parallel Processing Setup -- 4.3 Results. , 4.4 Overall Classification Performance -- 5 Conclusion -- References -- An Optimal Machine Learning Classification Model for Flash Memory Bit Error Prediction -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Related Research -- 3 Experimental Setup -- 3.1 Data Collection -- 3.2 Data Analysis -- 4 Classification Models -- 4.1 Model Inputs and Outputs -- 4.2 Data Subsampling -- 4.3 Machine Learning Methods -- 4.4 Classification Methodology -- 4.5 Results Comparison -- 5 Ensemble Classifier -- 5.1 Ensembling Introduction -- 5.2 Base Classifier 1: Gradient Boosting, Random Subsampling -- 5.3 Base Classifier 2: Gradient Boosting, Inverse PDF-based Subsampling -- 5.4 Base Classifier 3: Weighted SVM, Random Subsampling -- 5.5 Ensemble Process -- 5.6 Ensemble Results -- 6 Knowledge-Based Optimisation -- 6.1 Overview -- 6.2 Algorithm Results -- 6.3 Final Algorithm -- 7 Summary and Conclusions -- References -- Comparative Analysis of the Fault Diagnosis in CHMLI Using k-NN Classifier Based on Different Feature Extractions -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Open Circuit (OC) Fault Analysis of CHMLI -- 3 Proposed Fault Diagnosis Method -- 3.1 Probabilistic PCA Based Feature Extraction -- 3.2 K-Nearest Neighbor (k-NN) -- 4 Simulation and Experimental Results and Discussion -- 5 Conclusion -- References -- Design and Development of an Intelligent Ontology-Based Solution for Energy Management in the Home -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Energy -- 2.1 Non-renewable Energies -- 2.2 Renewable Energies -- 3 Production and Consumption of Electricity in Algeria -- 3.1 Electricity Generation in Algeria Based on Renewable Energies -- 3.2 Demand and Forecasts Electricity in Algeria -- 4 The Smart Home -- 4.1 The Smart Home Operations -- 4.2 The Criteria for Selecting a Home Automation System -- 4.3 The Smart Home Benefits -- 5 Ontology -- 5.1 The Ontology History -- 5.2 Ontology and Semantic Web Architecture. , 5.3 The Ontology Components -- 5.4 Ontology Editors -- 5.5 Ontology Development Methods -- 5.6 Anomalies and Ontology Evaluation -- 6 Solution Design -- 6.1 Presentation of the Domain, Objectives, and Research on Similar Work-Based Ontology -- 6.2 Designate Interesting Terms and Explain the Ontology Classes -- 6.3 Design Properties with Facets, Instances, and Relations of Ontology -- 7 Implementation of the Solution -- 7.1 Implementation in Protégé 5 -- 7.2 Implementation of Reasoning Rules -- 8 Case Study -- 8.1 Presentation of the Environment -- 8.2 Energy Consumption Scenarios -- 8.3 Analysis and Discussion -- 9 Conclusion and Perspectives -- References -- Towards a Personalized Learning Experience Using Reinforcement Learning -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Related Work -- 3 Reinforcement Learning -- 4 Proposed Approach -- 4.1 Main Components -- 4.2 State-Action-Reward -- 5 Evaluations -- 6 Opportunities That Big Data Offer to PL -- 7 Conclusions and Future Work -- References -- Towards Objective-Dependent Performance Analysis on Online Sentiment Review -- 1 Introduction -- 2 State of Art -- 2.1 Online Sentiment Analysis Process -- 2.2 Online Sentiment Evaluation -- 2.3 Sentiment Analysis Challenges -- 2.4 Sentiment Analysis Performance -- 3 Sentiment Performance Criteria -- 3.1 Proposed Performance Criteria -- 3.2 The Sentiment Accuracy-Performance Type (F-measure) -- 3.3 The Runtime-Performance Type -- 3.4 The Sentiment Performance Perspectives Criteria -- 3.5 Compared Techniques -- 4 Experiments and Results -- 4.1 Datasets -- 4.2 Accuracy and Performance Comparison -- 4.3 Experiments Results -- 5 Conclusion -- References -- Enhancing Performance of Hybrid Named Entity Recognition for Amazighe Language -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Literature Review -- 2.1 Rule-Based Approach -- 2.2 Machine Learning (ML) Approach -- 2.3 Hybrid Approach -- 3 Amazighe Language. , 4 Amazighe Named Entity Recognition Challenges -- 5 Experimental Setup -- 5.1 System Architecture -- 5.2 The Rule Based Component -- 5.3 The Machine-Learning Component -- 6 Results and Discussions -- 6.1 Experiment Data Sets: The Amazighe Data -- 6.2 Performance Evaluation of the Hybrid System -- 6.3 Evaluation Results -- 6.4 Speed Discussion -- 7 Conclusion and Future Directions -- References -- A Real-Time Aspect-Based Sentiment Analysis System of YouTube Cooking Recipes -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Related Works -- 3 The Proposed System Overview -- 4 Methodology -- 4.1 Pre-processing -- 4.2 Subjectivity Detection -- 4.3 Feature Extraction from YouTube Cooking Recipes Reviews -- 4.4 Sentiment Classification -- 5 Experiments -- 5.1 Data Collection and Analysis -- 5.2 Evaluation -- 6 Results and Discussion -- 6.1 Experiment with the Subjectivity Detection Training Model -- 6.2 Evaluation on Aspect Extraction -- 6.3 Evaluation on Sentiment Classifications -- 7 Conclusion and Future Works -- References -- Detection of Palm Tree Pests Using Thermal Imaging: A Review -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Traditional Detection Methods -- 2.1 Visual Inspection -- 2.2 Acoustic Detection -- 2.3 Chemical Detection -- 3 Thermal Detection Methods -- 3.1 Thermal Imaging Detection -- 3.2 Thermal Infested Palm Detection -- 4 Analysis -- 5 Conclusion -- References -- Unleashing Machine Learning onto Big Data: Issues, Challenges and Trends -- 1 Introduction -- 1.1 An Overview on Big Data -- 1.2 An Introduction to Machine Learning -- 2 Processing Big Data -- 2.1 Issues, Challenges and Opportunities in Big Data Processing Using Machine Learning -- 2.2 Trends and Open Issues in Big Data Processing Using Machine Learning -- 3 Conclusions -- References -- Bio-inspiring Optimization and Applications -- Bio-inspired Based Task Scheduling in Cloud Computing -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Related Work. , 3 The Proposed H_BAC Algorithm -- 4 System Implementation -- 4.1 Simulation Environment -- 4.2 Performance Metrics -- 5 Simulation Results -- 5.1 First Experiment -- 5.2 Second Experiment -- 6 Conclusions -- References -- Parameters Optimization of Support Vector Machine Based on the Optimal Foraging Theory -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Basic Knowledge -- 2.1 Support Vector Machine -- 2.2 Optimal Foraging Algorithm -- 3 The Proposed OFA for SVM Parameter Optimization Algorithm -- 3.1 Parameters Initialization -- 3.2 Fitness Function, Positions Updates and Termination Criteria -- 4 Experimental Results and Discussion -- 4.1 Datasets Description -- 4.2 Results and Discussion -- 5 Conclusion -- References -- Solving Constrained Non-linear Integer and Mixed-Integer Global Optimization Problems Using Enhanced Directed Differential Evolution Algorithm -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Problem Statement and Constraint Handling -- 3 Differential Evolutions -- 3.1 Initialization of a Population -- 3.2 Mutation -- 3.3 Recombination (Crossover) -- 3.4 Selection -- 4 The Proposed Algorithm (MI-EDDE) -- 4.1 Novel Mutation Scheme -- 4.2 Constraint Handling -- 4.3 Integer Variables Handling -- 5 Experiments and Discussion -- 6 Conclusions -- References -- Optimizing Support Vector Machine Parameters Using Bat Optimization Algorithm -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Related Work -- 3 Preliminaries -- 3.1 Support Vector Machine (SVM) Classifier -- 3.2 Bat Algorithm (BA) -- 4 The Proposed Model: BA-SVM -- 5 Experimental Results and Discussion -- 5.1 Illustrative Example -- 5.2 Real Data Experiments -- 5.3 Experimental results -- 6 Conclusions and Future Work -- References -- Performance Evaluation of Sine-Cosine Optimization Versus Particle Swarm Optimization for Global Sequence Alignment Problem -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Pairwise Sequence Alignment -- 3 Sine-Cosine Optimization Algorithm (SCA). , 4 Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO).

Note: Intro -- ICICC-2018 Steering Committee Members -- ICICC-2018 Advisory Committee -- Preface -- About the Book (Volume 1) -- Contents -- About the Editors -- Designing an Intelligent Jammer for Targeted 802.11b/g/n based Network Devices -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Related Work -- 3 Jamming Techniques -- 4 Methodology -- 4.1 Algorithm -- 5 Results and Analysis -- 6 Conclusion -- References -- Hardware Implementation of Public Key Cryptography for Small-Scale Devices -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Literature Review -- 2.1 Encryption -- 2.2 Hashing -- 3 Proposed Work -- 3.1 Implementation Details -- 4 Conclusion -- References -- Proof-of-Participation: Implementation of Proof-of-Stake Through Proof-of-Work -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Background -- 2.1 Proof-Work (PoW) -- 2.2 Limitations of PoW -- 2.3 Proof-of-Stake (PoS) -- 2.4 Limitations of PoS -- 3 Proof-of-Participation Protocol -- 4 Reward Distribution -- 5 Discussion -- 6 Conclusion -- References -- Unfolding the Mystery of Ransomware -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Background -- 3 Process of Ransomware -- 4 Prevention Techniques -- 5 Conclusion and Future Work -- References -- IOT-Based Smart Museum Using Wearable Device -- 1 Introduction -- 1.1 Existing Methodologies -- 1.2 Objective -- 2 Literature Survey -- 3 Proposed Method -- 3.1 Image Acquisition -- 3.2 Converting the Videos into Frames by Frames -- 3.3 Image Matching Technique Using SIFT and SURF -- 4 Result and Discussion -- 4.1 Setup -- 4.2 Experiment -- 4.3 Performance Evaluation Based on Execution Time -- 5 Conclusion -- References -- A Survey on Cross-Layer Design Approach for Secure Wireless Sensor Networks -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Demand for Cross-Layer Design Approach -- 3 A Scenario of Cross-Layer Design -- 4 Comparative Study of Cross-Layer Protocols in WSN -- 5 Challenges and Issues in Cross-Layer Design -- 6 Performance Variations -- 7 Conclusion. , References -- Consumer Behavior Toward Mobile Phone Handsets -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Literature Review -- 3 Objectives -- 4 Research Gap -- 5 Hypothesis -- 6 Research Methodology -- 7 Analysis and Interpretation -- 8 Findings -- 9 Conclusions -- 10 Limitations -- References -- Security on Cloud Computing Using Split Algorithm Along with Cryptography and Steganography -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Literature Review -- 3 Proposed Work -- 4 Proposed Algorithm -- 5 Implementation Figures -- 6 Conclusion and Future Work -- References -- A Decentralized Self-detection Mechanism to Defend Selfish Behavior in Spray and Wait Protocol -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Related Work -- 3 Background -- 4 Proposed Methodology -- 4.1 Add Selfish Behavior -- 4.2 Detection and Mitigation of Selfish Behavior -- 5 Simulation and Results -- 5.1 Effect on Overhead Ratio -- 5.2 Effect on Delivery Ratio -- 5.3 Effect on Latency -- 6 Conclusion -- References -- Multithreaded Query Processing Using Quadtree -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Literature Review -- 3 Proposed Methodology -- 4 Result and Analysis -- 5 Time-Space Complexity -- 6 Conclusion and Future Scope -- References -- Automated Trashcan -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Literature Survey -- 3 Proposed Approach -- 3.1 For Automatic Overflow Detection System -- 3.2 For Reduce Time and Money Used in Waste Collection -- 3.3 For Automatic Waste Segregation -- 4 Software and Hardware Modules -- 4.1 Software Module -- 5 Hardware Components -- 6 Implementation -- 6.1 Overflow Detection Module -- 6.2 Module for Optimization of Fuel and Time -- 6.3 Waste Segregation Module -- 7 Results -- 7.1 Overflow Detection Module -- 7.2 Module for Optimization of Fuel and Time -- 7.3 Waste Segregation Module -- 8 Conclusion -- References -- LP-ACO Technique for Link Stability in VANETs -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Literature Survey -- 3 Proposed Work -- 4 Results. , 5 Conclusion -- References -- Improvement of Lifespan of Ad hoc Network with Congestion Control and Magnetic Resonance Concept -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Related Work -- 3 Wireless Power Generation and Transmission Technique -- 4 Problem Statement About Congestion -- 5 Proposed Solution -- 5.1 Power Efficient Congestion Control Algorithm -- 6 Simulation Parameters and Results -- 6.1 Energy Consumed -- 6.2 Network Lifetime -- 6.3 Delay -- 7 Conclusion -- References -- A Critical Review of Routing Protocols for VANETs -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Routing Protocols Based on Real-Time Scenarios -- 3 Mobility Model Generators -- 3.1 VanetMobiSim -- 3.2 MOVE -- 4 Mobility Models -- 5 Conclusion -- References -- Street Light Energy Saver -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Literature Review -- 3 Outline of Proposed System -- 4 Hardware and Software Specifications -- 5 Result -- 6 Conclusion -- References -- BioSenHealth 1.0: A Novel Internet of Medical Things (IoMT)-Based Patient Health Monitoring System -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Background -- 3 Biosensor-Definition and Its Working -- 3.1 Introduction and History -- 4 BioSenHealth 1.0: IoMT (Internet of Medical Things)-Based Health Monitoring System -- 4.1 Definition -- 4.2 Components -- 5 Working Prototype and Results-BioSenHealth 1.0 Intelligent Health Monitoring System -- 6 Conclusion and Future Scope -- References -- Analysis of Simulation Tools for Underwater Sensor Networks (UWSNs) -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Underwater Sensor Networks (UWSNs)-Architecture -- 2.1 1D-UWSN Architecture -- 2.2 2D-UWSN Architecture -- 2.3 3D-UWSN Architecture -- 2.4 4D-UWSN Architecture -- 3 Underwater Sensor Networks (UWSNs)-Design Parameters -- 3.1 Transmission Medium -- 3.2 Mobility of Sensor Nodes -- 3.3 Physical Layer -- 3.4 MAC Protocol -- 3.5 Network Protocol -- 3.6 Application Layer -- 3.7 Operational Environment. , 4 Underwater Sensor Networks (UWSNs)-Simulation Tools -- 4.1 NS-2 (Network Simulator 2) -- 4.2 UWSim -- 4.3 AQUA-Sim -- 4.4 AQUA-3D -- 4.5 AQUA-Net -- 4.6 AQUA-Tools -- 4.7 AQUA-Lab -- 4.8 AQUA Tune -- 4.9 SUNSET -- 4.10 DESERT -- 4.11 USNeT -- 4.12 UANT -- 4.13 WOSS -- 4.14 SAMON -- 4.15 SUNRISE -- 4.16 NS-Miracle -- 5 Underwater Sensor Networks (UWSNs)-Simulation Tools Comparison -- 6 Conclusion and Future Scope -- References -- Recent Advances in Networks and Data Security Survey on Various Mobile Operating Systems -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Background Study -- 2.1 Android OS -- 2.2 Bada (Samsung Electronics) -- 2.3 Blackberry OS -- 2.4 IOS -- 2.5 Sailfish OS -- 2.6 Palm OS -- 2.7 Symbian OS (Nokia) -- 2.8 Windows Mobile -- 3 Comparative Analysis of Various Mobile Operating Systems -- 3.1 Market Share -- 3.2 Basic Features -- 3.3 Security -- 3.4 Communication and Connectivity -- 3.5 Audio, Camera and Video Recording -- 4 Conclusion -- References -- TRAX: Smart Mobile Application to Improve the Safety and Security of Automobile Vehicles -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Component of Innovation/Concept Behind the Work -- 3 Working Details -- 4 Block Diagram -- 5 Features -- 6 Working of Each Component -- 7 Innovation of Proposed Approach -- 8 Results and Its Features Discussion -- 9 Conclusions -- References -- Shortest Path Analysis on Geospatial Data Using PgRouting -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Related Work/Background -- 3 Methodology -- 3.1 Data Used for Network Analysis (Shapefile) -- 3.2 Key Database Components and Methods Used for Network Analysis (Shapefile) -- 3.3 PgRouting Supported Algorithmic (Shortest Path) Functions -- 3.4 Approach and Procedure Used -- 4 Results -- 4.1 Visualization of Various Routing Algorithms on Logics Canvas for Same LAT/LONG -- 5 Conclusion -- 5.1 Visual Comparison of Results (Road Graph Versus Shortest Path Analyzer) -- References. , Implementation of Mobile Robot Navigation Mechanism Using FPGA: An Edge Detection-Based Approach -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Navigation of Service Robots -- 3 Proposed Mechanism -- 3.1 Concept Machination -- 3.2 Movement Actualization -- 4 Results and Discussion -- 5 Conclusion -- References -- A Complete Study on the Security Aspects of Wireless Sensor Networks -- 1 WSN Introduction -- 1.1 Architecture -- 1.2 Security Goals of WSN -- 2 Various Attacks on WSN -- 3 Countermeasure of Attack -- 4 Conclusion and Future Scope -- References -- A Collaborative Study of Intrusion Detection and Prevention Techniques in Cloud Computing -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Literature Review -- 2.1 Attacks on Cloud Computing Systems -- 2.2 Techniques for Intrusion Detection in Cloud Computing -- 3 Classification of Cloud Computing-Based IDS Systems -- 3.1 Host-Based Intrusion Detection Systems (HIDS) -- 3.2 Network-Based Intrusion Detection System (NIDS) -- 3.3 Distributed Intrusion Detection System (DIDS) -- 3.4 Hypervisor-Based Intrusion Detection Systems -- 4 Comparative Analysis of Cloud Computing IDPS -- 5 IDPS Challenges in Cloud Computing -- 5.1 Handling with Distributed Datacenters -- 5.2 Organizational Challenges and Limitations -- 5.3 Security and Trust Issues -- 5.4 Managing the Control Mechanism at Various Cloud Levels -- 5.5 Synching Automated Sensors -- 5.6 Scalability and Handling with Large-Scale Systems -- 6 Conclusion -- References -- Pentaplicative Cipher Technique -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Proposed System -- 3 Methodology -- 4 Mathematical Modeling -- 5 Result -- 6 Conclusion -- References -- K-Means-Based Method for Clustering and Validating Wireless Sensor Network -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Related Work -- 3 Grouping Validation -- 4 System Model -- 5 K-Means Clustering -- 6 Simulation and Results -- 6.1 Clustering Validation. , 6.2 Simulation Scenarios and Discussion.