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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    La Vergne :Royal Society of Chemistry, The,
    Keywords: Supramolecular organometallic chemistry. ; Electronic books.
    Description / Table of Contents: A comprehensive overview of different metallosupramolecular systems and their applications in magnetic, photonic and electronic materials.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: 1 online resource (417 pages)
    Edition: 1st ed.
    ISBN: 9781782622673
    Series Statement: Issn Series
    DDC: 547
    Language: English
    Note: Cover -- Functional Metallosupramolecular Materials -- Preface -- Contents -- Chapter 1 - Interaction of Metal Ions with Proteins as a Source of Inspiration for Biomimetic Materials -- 1.1 Introduction -- 1.2 Enzymes -- 1.2.1 Single Metal Ion Enzymes -- 1.2.1.1 Zinc Dependent Enzymes -- 1.2.1.2 Non-Haem Oxygenases -- 1.2.2 Binuclear Metallohydrolases -- 1.2.2.1 Purple Acid Phosphatases -- 1.2.2.2 Metallo-β-lactamases -- 1.2.3 Metal-Containing Organic Cofactors -- 1.2.3.1 Oxygen-Carrying Haem-Based Proteins -- 1.2.3.2 Cytochromes -- 1.2.4 Applications of Metallo-Enzymes -- 1.3 Structural Proteins -- 1.3.1 Silks -- 1.3.2 Mussel Byssus -- 1.4 Metal-Induced Protein Misfolding -- 1.5 Antimicrobial Peptides -- 1.6 Conclusions -- Acknowledgements -- References -- Chapter 2 - DNA-Based Metallosupramolecular Materials -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 DNA Nanotechnology -- 2.3 Methods to Incorporate Metal Centers into DNA -- 2.4 Metal Binding to Natural DNA Nucleobases -- 2.5 Binding of Pre-Formed Metal Complexes to DNA -- 2.5.1 Metallointercalators -- 2.5.2 Non-Covalent Binding of Supramolecular Assemblies to DNA -- 2.5.3 DNA Covalently Modified with Metal Complexes as a Building Block for Higher-Order Assemblies -- 2.6 DNA Modified with Ligands -- 2.6.1 Artificial Metallo-Base Pairs -- 2.6.2 Attaching Metal-Binding Ligands to the DNA Backbone -- 2.6.2.1 Salen Complexes (Salen: N,N′-Bis(salicylidene)ethylenediamine) -- 2.6.2.2 Porphyrins -- 2.6.2.3 DNA 2D- and 3D-Metallosupramolecular Structures with Polypyridine Ligands -- 2.7 Locked Nucleic Acids (LNA) and Peptide Nucleic Acids (PNA) -- 2.8 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 3 - Constitutionally Dynamic Metallosupramolecular Systems -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Dynamic Metallosupramolecular Libraries (DMLs)-General Considerations -- 3.3 Ligand-Driven Selection in Dynamic Metallosupramolecular Libraries. , 3.4 Metal-Driven Selection in Dynamic Metallosupramolecular Libraries -- 3.5 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 4 - Functional Materials Based on Metal-Containing Polymers -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Conducting and Redox Active Metal-Containing Polymers -- 4.3 Magnetic Metal-Containing Polymers -- 4.4 Optical Metal-Containing Polymers -- 4.5 Conclusion and Future Outlook -- References -- Chapter 5 - Recent Advances in Immobilized Ferrocene-Containing Polymers -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Redox Switchable Polarity -- 5.3 Immobilized Ferrocene Polymers for Controlled Release and Permeability -- 5.4 Host-Guest Complexation of Ferrocene Polymers with Cyclodextrin -- 5.5 Electrodes Modified with Ferrocene-Containing Polymers -- 5.5.1 Layer-by-Layer (LBL) Technique Examples for Electrode Modifications -- 5.5.2 Grafting To and Grafting From Approaches for Electrode Modifications -- 5.5.3 Electropolymerization Strategies for Electrode Modification -- 5.6 Immobilized or Confined Ferrocene Polymers as Ceramic Precursors -- 5.7 Confined and Immobilized Ferrocene Polymers for Optical Applications -- 5.8 Conclusion and Outlook -- References -- Chapter 6 - Metallosupramolecular Soft Materials: Metallogels -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 Silver -- 6.3 Copper -- 6.4 Iron -- 6.5 Cobalt -- 6.6 Rhenium -- 6.7 Palladium -- 6.8 Gold -- 6.9 Platinum -- 6.10 Conclusion -- Acknowledgements -- References -- Chapter 7 - Metal-Organic Frameworks as Chemical Sensors -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.1.1 General Mechanisms of Luminescence Applicable to MOFs -- 7.1.1.1 Organic (Linker)-Based Emission -- 7.1.1.2 Metal (Node)-Based Emission and the Antenna Effect -- 7.1.1.3 Up-Conversion Emission -- 7.1.1.4 Charge-Transfer Luminescence -- 7.1.1.5 Vapochromism -- 7.1.1.6 Guest-Induced Luminescence -- 7.2 MOF Luminescence Sensing -- 7.2.1 Anion Sensing -- 7.2.2 Cation Sensing -- 7.2.2.1 pH Sensing. , 7.2.2.2 Metal Ion Sensing -- 7.2.3 Small Molecule Sensing -- 7.2.3.1 O2 Sensing -- 7.2.3.2 H2O Sensing -- 7.2.3.3 Organic Molecule Sensing -- Solvents.There are several reports of sensing of commonplace solvents by Zn(ii)-based MOFs, including methanol,107,143-145 ethan... -- Nitroaromatics and Explosives.The rapid detection of nitroaromatics and related high-energy materials is increasingly important ... -- 7.2.4 Sensing of Biomolecules -- 7.2.5 Temperature Sensing -- 7.3 Electromechanical Sensors -- 7.3.1 Preparation of MOF Thin Films -- 7.3.1.1 Substrates for Thin Film Growth -- 7.3.1.2 Common Techniques for Polycrystalline Thin Film MOF Growth -- Solvothermal Synthesis.Despite some of the property-related drawbacks associated with polycrystalline thin films, they remain at... -- Room Temperature Synthesis.MOF thin films are most commonly synthesized by heating (e.g., solvothermal,211 microwave,212 ultraso... -- 7.3.1.3 SURMOFs -- The Langmuir-Blodgett Method Applied to SURMOFs.The LBM is by far the oldest technique known for oriented thin film growth, with... -- Liquid-Phase Epitaxy Applied to SURMOFs.LPE is a newer method for thin film growth that dates back to the early 1990s and was or... -- 7.3.2 MOF Thin Films and QCMs -- 7.3.3 Microcantilever-Based MOF Sensing Devices -- 7.3.4 MOF-Functionalised SAW Sensors -- 7.4 Summary and Outlook -- Acknowledgements -- References -- Chapter 8 - Anchoring Metallosupramolecular Materials on Solid Substrates: Specific Surface-Molecule Interactions and Self-Assembly -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.2 Electronic Structure of Metallosupramolecules on Surfaces -- 8.3 Surface-Confined Supramolecular Coordination Chemistry -- 8.4 Hierarchical Assembly of Metal-Organic Frameworks (MOFs) -- 8.5 Metallosupramolecular Complexes in Devices -- 8.6 Conclusion -- Acknowledgements -- References. , Chapter 9 - Metallosupramolecular Materials for Electronic Applications: Molecular Boolean Computation -- 9.1 Introduction -- 9.2 One/Two-Input One-Output Logic -- 9.3 Two-Input Two-Output Logic -- 9.4 Three-Input One-Output Logic -- 9.5 Four-Input One-Output Logic -- 9.6 Complex Computation -- 9.7 Conclusion -- Acknowledgements -- References -- Chapter 10 - Metallosupramolecular Materials for Magnetic Applications: Spin-Crossover -- 10.1 Introduction -- 10.1.1 Brief Introduction to SCO -- 10.1.2 Metallosupramolecular SCO Materials -- 10.2 Dinuclear -- 10.2.1 Short Bridging Ligands -- 10.2.1.1 One Compartment Ligands -- 10.2.1.2 Two Compartment Ligands -- 10.2.2 Longer Bridging Ligands -- 10.2.2.1 Monodentate Ligands -- 10.2.2.2 Two Compartment Ligands -- 10.2.2.3 Triple Helicates -- 10.3 Trinuclear -- 10.3.1 Linear Trinuclear Materials -- 10.3.2 Non-Linear Trinuclear Materials -- 10.4 Tetranuclear -- 10.4.1 Poly-Aromatic Square Grids -- 10.4.2 Cyano-Bridged Tetranuclear Materials -- 10.4.3 Tetranuclear Cages -- 10.5 Higher Nuclearity Discrete -- 10.5.1 Clusters -- 10.5.2 Cages -- 10.6 Polymeric Materials -- 10.6.1 1-D Materials -- 10.6.2 2-D and 3-D Frameworks -- 10.6.2.1 Hofmann-Type Frameworks -- 10.6.2.2 SCO Frameworks (SCOFs) -- 10.7 Outlook -- References -- Chapter 11 - Metallosupramolecular Materials for Energy Applications: Light Harvesting -- 11.1 Introduction -- 11.2 Light-Harvesting Metal-Organic Frameworks (MOFs) -- 11.3 Energy Transfer in Self-Assembled Coordination Polymers -- 11.4 Metallo-Gels as Light-Harvesting Scaffolds -- 11.5 Conclusions -- Acknowledgements -- References -- Chapter 12 - Metallosupramolecular Assemblies for Application as Photocatalysts for the Production of Solar Fuels -- 12.1 Introduction -- 12.2 Background -- 12.3 The Importance of Experimental Conditions and Parameters. , 12.4 Photocatalytic Assemblies for Hydrogen Generation -- 12.4.1 The Supramolecular Concept -- 12.4.2 The Effect of Structural Parameters on Photocatalytic Behaviour -- 12.4.3 Intermolecular vs. Intramolecular Photocatalysis -- 12.5 Photocatalytic Assemblies for CO2 Reduction -- 12.5.1 Introduction -- 12.5.2 Photocatalytic Assemblies for CO2 Reduction -- 12.5.2.1 Intermolecular Assemblies -- 12.5.3 Supramolecular Photocatalysts -- 12.6 Concluding Remarks -- Acknowledgements -- References -- Subject Index.
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Environmental science & technology 15 (1981), S. 1103-1105 
    ISSN: 1520-5851
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1432-1211
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract A monoclonal antibody directed against the erythrocytic B-G antigens of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) of the chicken, an antiserum raised against purified erythrocytic B-G protein, and a cDNA probe from the BeckmanB-G subregion were used to look for evidence of the expression ofB-G genes in tissues other than blood. Evidence has been found in northern hybridizations, in immunoblots, and in immunolabeled cryosections for the presence of B-G-like antigens in the duodenal and caecal epithelia. Additional B-G-like molecules may be expressed in the liver as well. The BG-like molecules in these tissues appear larger and somewhat more heterogeneous than the B-G antigens expressed on erythrocytes. Further characterization of these newly recognized B-G-like molecules may help to define a function for the enigmatic B-G antigens of the MHC. al. 1977; Miller et al. 1982, 1984; Salomonsen et al. 1987; Kline et al. 1988), and in the multiplicity of B-G restriction fragment patterns found in genomic DNA from different haplotypes (Goto et al. 1988; Miller et al. 1988; Chaussé et al. 1989). The B-G antigens have contributed, together with the B-F (class I) and B-L (class II) antigens, to the definition of over 27 B system haplotypes in experimental flocks (Briles et al. 1982). Yet the function of the B-G antigens remains entirely unknown. No mammalian counterparts have been identified, although the possibility remains that there may be similar antigens among the blood group systems of mammals. In an effort to define a function of the B-G antigens, a recently cloned B-G sequence (Miller et al. 1988; Goto et al. 1988) and antibodies to the B-G polypeptides (Miller et al. 1982, 1984) were used to examine other tissues for evidence of B-G expression.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Vaccinations with amyloid-β peptide (AB) can dramatically reduce amyloid deposition in a transgenic mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. To determine if the vaccinations had deleterious or beneficial functional consequences, we tested eight months of Aβ vaccination in a different ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of neurochemistry 50 (1988), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract: A number of different approaches to the study of functional neurochemistry in human brain are discussed. The advantages and disadvantages of three main techniques are contrasted: (i) using animal tissue preparations as models of the human brain; (ii) using human peripheral tissue preparations as models of dynamic CNS processes; and (iii) studying human tissue, obtained postmortem, directly. Animal models are often readily obtained and reliable, and the high degree of inbreeding of common laboratory animals ensures that they usually yield consistent results. However, there are a number of human disorders for which animal models are either poor or unavailable, and species differences make extrapolation from the animal to the human case difficult. Human peripheral tissue models rely on a degree of homology between peripheral and CNS processes; in most cases, the evidence for such homologies derives from animal, rather than human, studies. Moreover, several examples are known where a peripheral process mimics the equivalent glial cell activity more closely than the neuronal, which can be a serious drawback for studies of neurotransmission. The use of postmortem human brain tissue presents a number of obvious difficulties, resulting from variations in the patient's age, agonal state, sex, preterminal medication, postmortem delay, etc. Human beings are genetically and nutritionally heterogeneous, so that data variability is usually greater here than when using tissue from laboratory animals. However, it is possible to control for a number of these factors, for example, by matching samples for basal metabolic rate and tissue integrity, and recently developed tissue freezing and storage techniques permit the use of within-subject experimental designs to help reduce experimental variation. A range of neurotransmitter functions are well retained in such tissue samples, so that regional variations, differential transmitter activities, drug effects, etc., can be studied in normal tissue samples, as well as in samples taken from cases of neurological and psychiatric disease. This allows, for example, changes in neuroanatomical indices to be correlated with localised alterations in a specific neurotransmitter function. A systematic approach to the analysis and matching of tissue samples is advocated. The three approaches should be considered to be complementary, especially for the study of human brain diseases.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract: The intralaminar distributions of transmitter and nontransmitter enzyme activities and amino acid levels were determined in the midtemporal cortices from normal individuals and established cases of Alzheimer's disease. In the normal, choline acetyltransferase (CAT) and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activities were relatively high in the outer cortical layers, particularly, for CAT, in the two granular layers (II and IV). Both activities were reduced in Alzheimer's disease at all, although generally most extensively in the outer and middle layers of the gray matter whereas activities were near normal in the white matter. Further, the enzyme distribution patterns of these cholinergic activities were also disrupted in Alzheimer's disease and the activity of CAT throughout the cortex was generally reduced to that found in the white matter. No such differences in distribution were found for two other enzymes, pseudocholin-esterase and lactate dehydrogenase. Assessment of the γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) system in the normal revealed a much more extensive intralaminar variation in the enzyme, glutamate decarboxylase, compared with the level of GABA itself. In contrast with the cholinergic enzymes, neither the levels nor intralaminar patterns of GABA were altered in Alzheimer's disease. From an analysis of free amino acids at the different cortical levels, the cortical pattern of glutamic acid in the normal was different from that for GABA, asp artic acid, or non-transmitter amino acids such as alanine. Neither of the putative amino acids, glutamate or aspartate, was altered in Alzheimer's disease. These findings demonstrate the relatively selective nature of micro chemical changes oc-curing in the cortex in Alzheimer's disease and suggest that a functional abnormality in cholinergic input to the outer neocortical layers (I-IV) with predominantly receptive and associative functions may be an important feature of the disease.
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract: Nerve ending particles (synaptosomes) were prepared from pieces of rat and human brain and from brain homogenate that had been frozen and thawed under a variety of conditions. Their purity, as judged by electron microscopy, and performance in terms of a number of metabolic and functional parameters [accumulation of tissue potassium, respiration, release of transmitter amino acids, and the responses on these indices to depolarisation by veratrine (VX)] were compared with those of fresh tissue-derived synaptosomes. It was found that rapid freezing and/or slow thawing severely impaired the subsequent performance of incubated synaptosomes. In contrast, synaptosomes from tissue frozen slowly and thawed rapidly showed relatively good retention of morphology and metabolic performance. It was better to use whole (1-5 g) pieces of tissue than tissue homogenate: the synaptosome fraction from frozen tissue pieces contained 80% of the proportion of identified synaptosomes found in the fresh tissue synaptosome fraction, its respiratory rate was 65%, and its tissue potassium content 70% of that of fresh controls. Moreover, it responded to VX or potassium stimulation by showing increased respiratory rate, decreased tissue potassium, and increased release of neurotransmitter amino acids, to an extent that was comparable to that of fresh tissue fractions. Thus, preparations from frozen rat and human brain were shown to be metabolically and functionally active, and can be used for a variety of neurotransmitter-related studies.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Concentrations of dopamine (DA), its metabolites 3-methoxytyramine and homovanillic acid (HVA), noradrenaline (NA), its metabolites normetanephrine (NM) and 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylglycol (MHPG), 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT, serotonin), and its metabolite 5-hy-droxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA) were measured in 14 brain regions and in CSF from the third ventricle of 27 human autopsy cases. In addition, in six cases, lumbar CSF was obtained. Monoamine concentrations were determined by reversed-phase liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection. Ventricular/lumbar CSF ratios indicated persistence of rostrocaudal gradients for HVA and 5-HIAA post mortem. Ventricular CSF concentrations of DA and HVA correlated positively with striatal DA and HVA. CSF NA correlated positively with NA in hypothalamus, and CSF MHPG with levels of MHPG in hypothalamus, temporal cortex, and pons, whereas CSF NM concentration showed positive correlations with NM in striatum, pons, cingulate cortex, and olfactory tubercle. CSF 5-HT concentrations correlated positively with 5-HT in caudate nucleus, whereas the concentration of CSF 5-HIAA correlated to 5-HIAA levels in thalamus, hypothalamus, and the cortical areas. These data suggest a specific topographic origin for monoamine neurotransmitters and their metabolites in human ventricular CSF and support the contention that CSF measurements are useful indices of central monoaminergic activity in man.
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of neurochemistry 52 (1989), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract: The specific binding of [3H]kainic acid was investigated in membrane preparations from human parietal cortex obtained postmortem. Saturation studies revealed that binding occurred to a single population of sites with a KD of 15 nM and a Bmax of 110 fmol/mg of protein. The kinetically determined dissociation constant for these sites agreed well with that obtained from saturation analyses. Pharmacological characterisation of these sites gave a profile consistent with those reported for kainate receptor sites in animal brain. The integrity of kainate receptors was studied in several brain regions from six patients who had died of Alzheimer's disease and from six closely matched control subjects. No change in either the affinity or the number of kainate receptors was seen in any of the regions studied, despite the loss of neo-cortical and hippocampal glutamatergic terminals in the Alzheimer's diseased brains, as previously reported.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of neurochemistry 46 (1986), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract: A solid-phase radioimmunoassay, specific for the monomeric form of human Thy-1, was developed and used for quantitation of the Thy-1 antigen in human brain tissue. Determination of Thy-1 in homogenates of 12 anatomically defined brain regions showed that Thy-1 is present throughout the human brain. However, significant variation was found in the expression of the glycoprotein in different regions. Thy-1 appears to be generally enriched within gray matter: caudate nucleus, cerebral cortex, and putamen were found to contain the highest Thy-1 concentration (approximately 2.5 μg Thy-1/mg protein). Interestingly, the cerebellar cortex contained only 25% of the Thy-1 concentration of cerebral gray matter. Cerebral subcortical white matter contained half the amount of Thy-1 compared to cerebral cortex. Determination of Thy-1 in subcellular fractions prepared from human brain biopsy tissue indicated that the highest relative concentration of Thy-1 is associated with synaptosomal membranes and myelin/axonal membrane fractions.
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