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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The Marshall Islands Radioassay Quality Assurance Program: An Overview (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of radioanalytical and nuclear chemistry 243 (2000), S. 415-422 
    Details
    ISSN: 1588-2780
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract The Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory has developed an extensive quality assurance program to provide high quality data and assessments in support of the Marshall Islands Dose Assessment and Radioecology Program. Our quality assurance objectives begin with the premise of providing integrated and cost-effective program support (to meet wide-ranging programmatic needs, scientific peer review, and build public confidence) and continue through from design and implementation of large-scale field programs, sampling and sample preparation, radiometric and chemical analyses, documentation of quality assurance/quality control practices, exposure assessments, and dose/risk assessments until publication. The basic structure of our radioassay quality assurance/quality control program can be divided into four essential elements: (1) sample and data integrity control, (2) instrument validation and calibration, (3) method performance testing, validation, development and documentation, and (4) periodic peer review and on-site assessments. While our quality assurance objectives are tailored towards a single research program and the evaluation of major exposure pathways/critical radionuclides pertinent to the Marshall Islands, we have attempted to develop quality assurance practices that are consistent with proposed criteria designed for laboratory accreditation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1016022029721
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Radium isotope determination by alpha-spectrometry after electrodeposition from solution with added platinum (1994)
    Springer
    Journal of radioanalytical and nuclear chemistry 177 (1994), S. 365-371 
    Details
    ISSN: 1588-2780
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract A method for measuring radium activity using electrodeposition onto stainless steel from solutions to which platinum ions have been added was developed. This gave high recovery with reduced electroplating times, and yielded deposits giving alpha-spectra of high resolution. Retention of the decay products in the deposit allows inference of some Ra isotopes from measurement of the activities of the high energy Po daughters. Application of the method to determination of226Ra in a marine manganese deposit is described.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02061133
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The Effect of Carbonate Soil on Transport and Dose Estimates for Long-Lived Radionuclides at a U.S. Pacific Test Site (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of radioanalytical and nuclear chemistry 243 (2000), S. 459-465 
    Details
    ISSN: 1588-2780
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract The United States conducted a series of nuclear tests from 1946 to 1958 at Bikini, a coral atoll, in the Marshall Islands (MI). The aquatic and terrestrial environments of the atoll are still contaminated with several long-lived radionuclides that were generated during testing. The four major radionuclides found in terrestrial plants and soils are cesium-137, strontium-90, plutonium-239+240 and americium-241. Cesium-137 in the coral soils is more available for uptake by plants than 137Cs associated with continental soils of North America or Europe. Soil-to-plant 137Cs median concentration ratios (CR) (kBq·kg-1 dry weight plant/kBq·kg-1 dry weight soil) for tropical fruits and vegetables range between 0.8 and 36, much larger than the range of 0.005 to 0.5 reported for vegetation in temperate zones. Conversely, 90Sr median CRs range from 0.006 to 1.0 at the atoll versus a range from 0.02 to 3.0 for continental silica-based soils. Thus, the relative uptake of 137Cs and 90Sr by plants in carbonate soils is reversed from that observed in silica-based soils. The CRs for 239+240Pu and 241Am are very similar to those observed in continental soils. Values range from 10-6 to 10-4 for both 239+240Pu and 241Am. No significant difference is observed between the two in coral soil. The uptake of 137Cs by plants is enhanced because of the absence of mineral binding sites and the low concentration of potassium in the coral soil. Cesium-137 is bound to the organic fraction of the soil, whereas 90Sr, 239+240Pu and 241Am are primarily bound to soil particles. Assessment of plant uptake for 137Cs and 90Sr into locally grown food crops was a major contributing factor in: (1) reliably predicting the radiological dose for returning residents and (2) developing a strategy to limit the availability and uptake of 137Cs into locally grown food crops.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1016090517426
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  • 4
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    Unknown
    The vertical flux of rare earth elements in the northwestern Mediterranean (1992)
    Commission of the European Communities
    In:  In: EROS 2000 (European river ocean system) third workshop of the north-west mediterranean sea. , ed. by Martin, J. M. and Barth, H. Water Pollution Research Reports, 28 . Commission of the European Communities, Brussels, Belgium, pp. 401-412. ISBN 2872630791
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-03-20
    Description: Rare earth element (REE) composition of sinking particles was examined in time-series sediment trap samples collected from four depths (200, 500, 1000, 2000 m) in the Gulf of Lions. Vertical flux profiles showed the occurrence of a sedimentation pulse which resulted in the rapid sinking of phytoplankton aggregates to 2000 m depth. These particles were characterized by REE patterns similar to those in the upper 200 m indicating that little, if any, additional REE scavenging occurred during the sedimentation event. In contrast, after the sedimentation pulse, particles from deep waters showed an enrichment of light-REE (LREE) relative to heavy-REE (HREE) and a positive Ce anomaly. Comparing REE patterns in particles from the upper water column (200 m) with those from depth (1000, 2000 m) during and following the sedimentation pulse indicates that time is a key factor in determining REE scavenging by sinking particles. This is particularly evident for the preferential scavenging of Ce (IV) which is most pronounced in the finer, slowly sinking, and presumably older particles. These findings are consistent with REE patterns in sea water from the northwestern Mediterranean which show a strong negative Ce anomaly and gradual enrichment of REE with increasing atomic number. The enrichment of LREE relative to HREE in particles from deep waters results either preferential scavenging of LREE on particles, analogous to the enrichment of Ce, or selective dissolution of HREE in association with particle remineralization processes, or both; this aspect of REE behaviour merits further study.
    Type: Book chapter , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
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    OceanRep: Book chapter
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