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  • 1
    Buch
    Buch
    Ecological experiments : purpose, design, and execution (1989)
    Cambridge [u.a.] : Cambridge Univ. Press
    Details Verfügbarkeit
    Schlagwort(e): Ökologie ; Experiment ; Ökologie ; Methode
    Materialart: Buch
    Seiten: XIII, 370 S. , graph. Darst.
    ISBN: 0521345960 , 0521346924
    Serie: Cambridge studies in ecology
    URL: http://www.gbv.de/dms/bs/toc/025232746.pdf
    DDC: 574.5'0723
    RVK:
    WC 5300
    Sprache: Englisch
    Anmerkung: Hier auch später erschienene, unveränderte Nachdrucke
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  • 2
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Population differences in the timing of diapause: adaptation in a spatially heterogeneous environment (1984)
    Springer
    Oecologia 61 (1984), S. 42-48 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1939
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Summary Populations of the planktonic copepod, Diaptomus sanguineus, live in permanent and temporary freshwater ponds in Rhode Island. All ponds in which they occur become uninhabitable at some time during the year, but the nature and timing of the harsh period varies both spatially and temporally. Females produce discrete clutches either of subitaneous eggs which hatch immediately or of diapausing eggs which hatch the following season. The two egg types show distinct chorion morphologies under transmission electron microscopy. In permanent ponds the copepods start making diapausing eggs in March, one month before rising water temperatures induce planktivorous sunfish to become active. In temporary ponds diapausing eggs are produced, in a complex pattern from May to July, before the water disappears in late summer or early fall. We investigated the spatial scale at which D. sanguineus is adapted to this complex environment. In a reciprocal transfer experiment between temporary and permanent bodies of water, female copepods placed in new ponds made subies of water, female copepods placed in new ponds made subitaneous and diapausing eggs in the same sequence as control females retained in their home ponds. The copepod populations enter diapause at times appropriate for the local habitat conditions they experience, but inappropriate for other, nearby ponds. Transplanted females were unable to sense a change in pond type or to adjust egg production accordingly. We conclude that D. sanguineus populations are adapted to the specific conditions of isolated ponds rather than to a broader geographical region containing several pond types.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00379086
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  • 3
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Ecosystem size determines food-chain length in lakes (2000)
    [s.l.] : Macmillian Magazines Ltd.
    Nature 405 (2000), S. 1047-1049 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Quelle: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Notizen: [Auszug] Food-chain length is an important characteristic of ecological communities: it influences community structure, ecosystem functions and contaminant concentrations in top predators. Since Elton first noted that food-chain length was variable among natural systems, ecologists have considered ...
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/35016565
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  • 4
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Lake ecosystems Rapid evolution revealed by dormant eggs (1999)
    [s.l.] : Macmillan Magazines Ltd.
    Nature 401 (1999), S. 446-446 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Quelle: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Notizen: [Auszug] Natural selection can lead to rapid changes in organisms, which can in turn influence ecosystem processes. A key factor in the functioning of lake ecosystems is the rate at which primary producers are eaten, and major consumers, such as the zooplankton Daphnia, can be subject to strong ...
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/46731
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  • 5
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Ecology Mechanisms for consumer diversity (2006)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 439.2006, 7072, E1-, (2 S.) 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Quelle: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Notizen: [Auszug] Arising from: W. A. Nelson, E. McCauley & F. J. Wrona Nature 433, 413–417 (2005); Nelson et al. reply. A variety of mechanisms can theoretically produce competitive coexistence in nature, making it hard to identify a ...
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature04526
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  • 6
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Rapid evolution drives ecological dynamics in a predator–prey system (2003)
    [s.l.] : Macmillian Magazines Ltd.
    Nature 424 (2003), S. 303-306 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Quelle: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Notizen: [Auszug] Ecological and evolutionary dynamics can occur on similar timescales. However, theoretical predictions of how rapid evolution can affect ecological dynamics are inconclusive and often depend on untested model assumptions. Here we report that rapid prey evolution in response to oscillating ...
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature01767
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  • 7
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Environmental variability and the persistence of multiple emergence strategies (1992)
    Springer
    Bulletin of mathematical biology 54 (1992), S. 313-334 
    Details
    ISSN: 1522-9602
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Mathematik
    Notizen: Abstract Studies of plant and animal populations have demonstrated the occurrence of multiple and mixed life history strategies such as polymodal timing of germination and emergence from dormancy. We present the results of a simulation model used to test whether between-year variance in mortality can lead to the persistence of multiple hatching strategies considered over an ecological time scale (50 years). The model is based on the general life history characteristics of a population of planktonic copepods (Diaptomus sanguineus) in Bullhead Pond, Rhode Island. Our model results demonstrate that, given a range of between-year variance in mortality, multiple strategies for timing of emergence can persist in a common environment for ecologically relevant periods of time. A qualitative test of the model comparing field estimates of mean and variance of mortality in Bullhead Pond with the region of persistence indicates that the model results are in approximate agreement with field estimates. The results suggest that variability in year-to-year selection pressures, such as predation or harsh winters, may play an important role in determining the evolution of life histories.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02464836
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  • 8
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    The evolution of competing species of terrestrial salamanders: niche partitioning or interference? (1987)
    Springer
    Evolutionary ecology 1 (1987), S. 247-262 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-8477
    Schlagwort(e): Aggression ; altitudinal distribution ; food interference ; North Carolina ; Plethodon ; salamander
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Summary One of the central assumptions of evolutionary ecology is that interspecific competition is a potent evolutionary force acting on coexisting species. There are few animal species that provide an opportunity for an experimental analysis of the evolutionary consequences of the phenomenon. We have taken advantage of the fact that two species of terrestrial salamander,Plethodon glutinosus andP. jordani, have different altitudinal distributions on two mountain ranges in North Carolina. Field removal experiments showed that interspecfic competition was much stronger in the Great Smoky Mountains than in the Balsam Mountains, and transplant experiments between the two mountain ranges showed that neither species from the Balsam Mountains had a measurable effect on its congener in the Smokies, although both species from the Smokies had strong negative effects on the Balsam congeners. Other experiments were conducted on the behavioral and ecological changes that have (or have not) evolved in the two areas. Our studies show that increased interspecific interference was the major evolutionary response of these largePlethodon species to interspecific competition, and that partitioning of food or microhabitat was not involved.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02067555
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  • 9
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Distribution of crustacean diapause: micro- and macroevolutionary pattern and process (1996)
    Springer
    Hydrobiologia 320 (1996), S. 27-44 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract Theoretical predictions for the relationships between duration of dormancy, reproductive life span, and dispersal ability developed for plants in temporally varying environments are applied here to crustaceans. Mathematical models suggest that diapause duration should negatively covary with adult life span, and that both diapause and life span should negatively covary with dispersal ability. A survey of 167 crustacean species from 20 orders and three classes confirms that species with prolonged diapause have short adult life spans and those with long adult lives either have diapause lasting less than a year, or do not diapause at all. Prolonged diapause is more common among small or inland water crustaceans than it is among large or marine species, whereas large or marine species have significantly longer adult life spans on average than do those that are small or from inland waters. A greater fraction of species in the Branchiopoda exhibit prolonged diapause than do members of the Maxillopoda which, in turn, are more likely to exhibit prolonged diapause than are the Malacostraca. A greater fraction of malacostracan species have adult life spans exceeding one year than do species in either the Branchiopoda or the Maxillopoda. Cladistic analysis shows that phylogenetic constraint is likely to be at least in part responsible for the expression of diapause among the Crustacea. We conclude that both natural selection and macroevolutionary pattern have influenced the distribution of diapause among modern crustaceans.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00016802
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  • 10
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Cyclomorphosis inEubosmina longispina in a small North American pond (1983)
    Springer
    Hydrobiologia 102 (1983), S. 61-67 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Schlagwort(e): Bosminidae ; cyclomorphosis ; Eubosmina ; invertebrate predators ; size-selective predation
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract The cyclomorphosis exhibited by a population ofEubosmina longispina in Bullhead Pond, Rhode Island is documented and compared to that reported for similar species of Bosminidae. Cyclomorphosis inEubosmina longispina involves the same morphological characters that exhibit seasonal changes in related species, but the temporal patterns of these changes are quite distinct. We suggest that the cyclomorphosis exhibited byEubosmina longispina is caused by simultaneous, but very different selective predation by planktivorous copepods and fish.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00006050
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