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  • 1
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    Water temperature and salinity data from southern elephant seals from Marion Island
    PANGAEA
    In:  Supplement to: Roquet, Fabien; Wunsch, Carl; Forget, Gael; Heimbach, Patrick; Guinet, Christophe; Reverdin, Gilles; Charrassin, Jean-Benoît; Bailleul, Frederic; Costa, Daniel P; Huckstadt, Luis A; Goetz, Kimberly T; Kovacs, Kit Maureen; Lydersen, Christian; Biuw, Martin; Nøst, Ole Anders; Bornemann, Horst; Plötz, Joachim; Bester, Marthán Nieuwoudt; McIntyre, Trevor; Muelbert, Monica C; Hindell, Mark A; McMahon, Clive R; Williams, Guy; Harcourt, Robert; Field, Iain C; Chafik, Leon; Nicholls, Keith W; Boehme, Lars; Fedak, Mike A (2013): Estimates of the Southern Ocean general circulation improved by animal-borne instruments. Geophysical Research Letters, 40(23), 6176-6180, https://doi.org/10.1002/2013GL058304
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-05-12
    Description: Over the last decade, several hundred seals have been equipped with conductivity-temperature-depth sensors in the Southern Ocean for both biological and physical oceanographic studies. A calibrated collection of seal-derived hydrographic data is now available, consisting of more than 165,000 profiles. The value of these hydrographic data within the existing Southern Ocean observing system is demonstrated herein by conducting two state estimation experiments, differing only in the use or not of seal data to constrain the system. Including seal-derived data substantially modifies the estimated surface mixedlayer properties and circulation patterns within and south of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current. Agreement with independent satellite observations of sea ice concentration is improved, especially along the East Antarctic shelf. Instrumented animals efficiently reduce a critical observational gap, and their contribution to monitoring polar climate variability will continue to grow as data accuracy and spatial coverage increase.
    Keywords: Marine Mammal Tracking; MMT
    Type: Dataset
    Format: application/zip, 29 datasets
    Location Call Number Limitation Availability
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    DATA PANGAEA
  • 2
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    Global compilation of chlorophyll fluorescence profiles from several data bases, and from published and unpublished individual sources (2015)
    PANGAEA
    In:  Supplement to: Sauzède, Raphaëlle; Lavigne, Héloïse; Claustre, Hervé; Uitz, Julia; Schmechtig, Catherine; D'Ortenzio, Fabrizio; Guinet, Christophe; Pesant, Stephane (2015): Vertical distribution of chlorophyll a concentration and phytoplankton community composition from in situ fluorescence profiles: a first database for the global ocean. Earth System Science Data, 7(2), 261-273, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-7-261-2015
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-02-24
    Description: The present data set includes 268,127 vertical in situ fluorescence profiles obtained from several available online databases and from published and unpublished individual sources. Metadata about each profiles are given in the file provided here in further details. The majority of profiles comes from the National Oceanographic Data Center (NODC) and the fluorescence profiles acquired by Bio-Argo floats available on the Oceanographic Autonomous Observations (OAO) platform (63.7% and 12.5% respectively). Different modes of acquisition were used to collect the data presented in this study: (1) CTD profiles are acquired using a fluorometer mounted on a CTD-rosette; (2) OSD (Ocean Station Data) profiles are derived from water samples and are defined as low resolution profiles; (3) the UOR (Undulating Oceanographic Recorder) profiles are acquired by a 〈fish〉 equipped with a fluorometer and towed by a research vessel; (4) PA profiles are acquired by autonomous platforms (here profiling floats or elephant seals equipped with a fluorometer). Data acquired from gliders are not included in the compilation.
    Keywords: Bio-Argo; French Bio-Argo project (funded by CNES-TOSCA); RemOcean; Remotely Sensed Biogeochemical Cycles in the Ocean
    Type: Dataset
    Format: application/zip, 639.3 MBytes
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    DATA PANGAEA
  • 3
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    Unknown
    Global data product of chlorophyll a concentration and phytoplankton community composition (microphytoplankton, nanophytoplankton and picophytoplankton) computed from in situ fluorescence profiles (2015)
    PANGAEA
    In:  Supplement to: Sauzède, Raphaëlle; Lavigne, Héloïse; Claustre, Hervé; Uitz, Julia; Schmechtig, Catherine; D'Ortenzio, Fabrizio; Guinet, Christophe; Pesant, Stephane (2015): Vertical distribution of chlorophyll a concentration and phytoplankton community composition from in situ fluorescence profiles: a first database for the global ocean. Earth System Science Data, 7(2), 261-273, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-7-261-2015
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-02-24
    Description: In vivo chlorophyll a fluorescence, a proxy of chlorophyll a concentration, is one of the most frequently measured biogeochemical property in the ocean. Thousands of profiles are available from historical databases and the integration of fluorescence sensors to autonomous platforms led to a significant increase of chlorophyll fluorescence profiles acquisition. To date, benefits of such numerous data available have not yet been included in global analysis. A total of 268,184 raw chlorophyll fluorescence profiles were collected and subjected to a 10-steps quality control procedure (see supplementary literature publication). The present data product was generated from the remaining 48,600 chlorophyll fluorescence profiles. These were inter-calibrated, converted to total chlorophyll a concentration and phytoplankton community composition (i.e. microphytoplankton, nanophytoplankton and picophytoplankton) using the FLAVOR method (see further details). The data span a time period of 1958-2015, with observations from all oceanic basins and all seasons, and with depths ranging from the surface to a median sampling maximum depth of around 700m. The present data product was obtained by modelling phytoplankton biomass and composition from in situ fluorescence profiles and therefore, individual profiles should NOT BE USED as discrete observations. The correct use of the present data product is to investigate regional or temporal trends, for example to improve the open ocean climatologies of chlorophyll a concentration. This data product is intended as a living data set, with the expectation to retrieve and model additional in situ chlorophyll fluorescence profiles, especially from autonomous acquisition platforms.
    Keywords: Bio-Argo; French Bio-Argo project (funded by CNES-TOSCA); RemOcean; Remotely Sensed Biogeochemical Cycles in the Ocean
    Type: Dataset
    Format: application/zip, 397 MBytes
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    DATA PANGAEA
  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    CO-ORDINATED ATTACK BEHAVIOR AND PREY SHARING BY KILLER WHALES AT CROZET ARCHIPELAGO: STRATEGIES FOR FEEDING ON NEGATIVELY-BUOYANT PREY (2000)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Marine mammal science 16 (2000), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1748-7692
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-7692.2000.tb00976.x
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A VIDEO SONAR AS A NEW TOOL TO STUDY MARINE MAMMALS IN THE WILD: MEASUREMENTS OF DOLPHIN SWIMMING SPEED (1997)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Marine mammal science 13 (1997), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1748-7692
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: The use of a multibeam sonar for fine-scale studies of the foraging activity of bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) was tested in a coastal environment where a group of 14 individuals is known to be resident. The sonar was set on a rubber boat and the signals were received continuously as the dolphins were foraging in a pass swept by strong tidal currents. These signals were recorded in HI 8 video standard. The system produced real-time undistorted images of the dolphins and of their movements within the limits of the sonar beam (15° vertical width, 90° horizontal width, range set at 50 m). The average swimming speed relative to the bottom was 1.8 m ·sec−1 but swimming speed relative to the water was 2.2 m-sec−1 when allowance was made for the average 1.2 m·sec−1 tidal current. Maximum swimming speed relative to the water was as high as 4.8 m·sec−1. It is estimated from studies of swimming energetics that continuously foraging in a current vein flowing at 1.2 m·sec1 would represent only small additional costs compared to foraging out of these currents. However, previous observations of the same pod have shown that these dolphins keep foraging in this site when current speed reaches 2.7 m·sec−1; under such circumstances, the cost of foraging in this site was calculated to increase by 96%. This suggests that foraging efficiency should be dramatically enhanced during rising tide since the dolphins consistently forage in these currents year round.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-7692.1997.tb00627.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Foraging routes of Antarctic fur seals (Arctocephalus gazella) investigated by the concurrent use of satellite tracking and time-depth recorders (2000)
    Springer
    Polar biology 23 (2000), S. 149-159 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2056
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Little is known about movement behaviour in terms of route choice in Antarctic fur seals (Arctocephalus gazella). We deployed satellite transmitters and time-depth recorders simultaneously on 11 animals, and time-depth recorders with a speed recorder on 10 animals, to investigate the foraging routes of Antarctic fur seals belonging to a colony located at Iles Kerguelen (Southern Indian Ocean). The study took place during the 1997/1998 austral summer, and results indicate a preferred foraging area, with two main strategies in route choice apparent during foraging trips. In one strategy seals tended to reach an apparently known foraging ground and stopped there to feed. In the other strategy, animals performed looped trips, foraging en route and probably searching for a food patch better than the one previously exploited.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003000050021
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A method to assess population changes in king penguins: the use of a Geographical Information System to estimate area-population relationships (2000)
    Springer
    Polar biology 23 (2000), S. 545-549 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2056
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract During the last decades, king penguin (Aptenodytes patagonicus) populations have been reported to increase throughout most of their breeding range. In this study, we compared the results obtained from direct counts of incubating king penguins with the results yielded by the estimation of the change in area occupied by breeding birds at the Ratmanoff king penguin colony at the Kerguelen Islands. The area of the colony was determined using a Geographical Information System with a georeferencing extension on aerial pictures taken in 1963, 1985 and 1998. Individual king penguin were counted on the same pictures or pictures taken on the same day. The overall population increase between 1963 and 1998 was 733% while the colony area increased by 677%. This study indicates that monitoring change in colony size is a good indicator for detecting and monitoring large population changes in king penguins, in particular for remote colonies. The discrepancy between the two results may be from two different kinds of bias. Firstly, there could be a possible error in the estimation of the area occupied by the colony resulting from the georeferencing of oblique pictures, and secondly, the density of king penguins may also change with population number. This method, which only requires high-altitude pictures, also reduces the possible disturbance to breeding made by low- to medium-altitude flights.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003000000119
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Satellite remote sensing in monitoring change of seabirds: use of Spot Image in king penguin population increase at Ile aux Cochons, Crozet Archipelago (1995)
    Springer
    Polar biology 15 (1995), S. 511-515 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2056
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The king penguin colony at Ile aux Cochons, Crozet Archipelago (southern Indian Ocean) is the largest in the world. The change in its surface area was investigated by means of satellite remote sensing using spot scene. The satellite picture enabled us to locate the colony and to determine that the surface area occupied by the colony has increased by 56% between 1962 and 1988. The increase in the surface area occupied by the colony was confirmed by a map realised in 1982 (by the Institut Géographique National). The high resolution system available on the spot system which allows at present at 10 m ground resolution, and 5 m in the near future, can thus be a useful tool for monitoring medium to long-term changes in marine bird populations breeding in colonies composed of birds spaced a constant distance from one another. Based on the surface area occupied by the colony and the published data on the population size on Possession Island, as well as information on the breeding frequency of the species, we estimated that the total breeding population is about 1,000,000 pairs for the whole archipelago and that about 70% of birds breed at Ile aux Cochons.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00237465
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of sea-ice extent on adult survival of an Antarctic top predator: the snow petrel Pagodroma nivea (2000)
    Springer
    Oecologia 125 (2000), S. 483-488 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1939
    Keywords: Seabirds Sea-ice Snow petrel Southern Ocean Survival
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract. The snow petrel Pagodroma nivea is an obligate associate of sea-ice and one of the most abundant seabird species of the Southern Ocean. Time- and sex-specific annual variation in adult survival was estimated using capture-mark-recapture of petrels nesting at Pétrels Island, Terre Adélie, 1981–1997. On the basis of a regression analysis, 44% of the variation was linked inversely to the latitudinal extent of sea-ice during winter (June) in the region offshore of the study colony, where this population is likely to spend the non-breeding season. Monthly sea-surface temperature anomalies tended to influence adult survival but the relationship was not statistically significant. Why sea-ice extent should have such a critical effect on this species is yet to be explained, but the relationship, in the context of environmental warming and the consequent potential loss of Antarctic sea-ice, is an important one for this species.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004420000481
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Seasonal diving behaviour in lactating subantarctic fur seals on Amsterdam Island (2000)
    Springer
    Polar biology 23 (2000), S. 59-69 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2056
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Diving behaviour was investigated in female subantarctic fur seals (Arctocephalus tropicalis) breeding on Amsterdam Island, Indian Ocean. Data were collected using electronic Time Depth Recorders on 19 seals during their first foraging trip after parturition in December, foraging trips later in summer, and during winter. Subantarctic fur seals at Amsterdam Island are nocturnal, shallow divers. Ninety-nine percent of recorded dives occurred at night. The diel dive pattern and changes in dive parameters throughout the night suggest that fur seals follow the nycthemeral migrations of their main prey. Seasonal changes in diving behaviour amounted to the fur seals performing progressively deeper and longer dives from their first foraging trip through winter. Dive depth and dive duration increased from the first trip after parturition (16.6 ± 0.5 m and 62.1 ± 1.6 s respectively, n=1000) to summer (19.0 ± 0.4 m and 65 ± 1 s, respectively, n=2000) through winter (29.0 ± 1.0 m and 91.2 ± 2.2 s, respectively, n=800). In summer, subantarctic fur seals increased the proportion of time spent at the bottom during dives of between 10 and 20 m, apparently searching for prey when descending to these depths, which corresponded to the oceanic mixed layer. In winter, fur seals behaved similarly when diving between 20 and 50 m, suggesting that the most profitable depths for feeding moved down during the study period. Most of the dives did not exceed the physiological limits of individuals. Although dive frequency did not vary (10 dives/h of night), the vertical travel distance and the time spent diving increased throughout the study period, while the post-dive interval decreased, indicating that subantarctic fur seals showed a greater diving effort in winter, compared to earlier seasons.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003000050008
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