Note: Intro -- Preface -- Scope -- Acknowledgments -- Contents -- About the Authors -- Part I: Particulate Charging Phenomena in Multiphase Flows -- Chapter 1: Electrification of Particulate in Multiphase Flows -- 1.1 Electrification of Particulate in Industrial Processes -- 1.1.1 Electrification in Petroleum Industry -- 1.1.2 Electrification in Shipping Industry -- 1.1.3 Electrification in Powder Industry -- 1.1.4 Electrostatic Precipitation Technology -- 1.1.5 Electrostatic Spraying Technology -- 1.1.6 Electrostatic Separation Technology -- 1.2 Electrification of Particulate in Natural Phenomenon -- 1.2.1 Electrification in Wind-Blown Sand -- 1.2.2 Electrification in Thunderstorm -- 1.3 Influence of Particulate Electrification to Multiphase Flows -- 1.3.1 Influence of Coulomb Force -- 1.3.2 Influence of Electrostatic Discharge -- 1.3.2.1 Causing Fires and Explosive Accidents -- 1.3.2.2 Causing Electric Shock on Human Body -- 1.3.2.3 Causing Interference to the Normal Operation of Electronic Equipment -- 1.3.3 Influence of Electrostatic Induction -- References -- Chapter 2: Properties of Particulate in Multiphase Flows -- 2.1 Particulate Forms -- 2.2 Particulate - Fluid Interaction -- 2.3 Particulate - Particulate Interaction -- 2.4 Basic Theory of Electrostatics Induced by Particulate Electrification -- 2.4.1 Charge and Coulomb´s Law -- 2.4.2 Electric Field and Gauss Theorem -- 2.4.3 Electric Potential and Basic Electrostatic Field Equations -- References -- Part II: Basic Theory of Droplet Charging in Multiphase Flows -- Chapter 3: Charging Ways and Basic Theories of Droplet Electrification -- 3.1 Charging Ways of Droplet Electrification -- 3.1.1 Streaming Electrification -- 3.1.2 Settlement Electrification -- 3.1.3 Injection Electrification -- 3.1.4 Liquid Impingement Electrification -- 3.1.5 Splash Electrification. , 3.1.6 Interface Electrification Between Gas-Liquid -- 3.1.7 Diffusion Electrification -- 3.2 Basic Theories of Droplet Electrification -- 3.2.1 Contact Charging -- 3.2.2 Induction Charging -- 3.2.3 Corona Charging -- 3.2.4 Interface Charging -- 3.2.4.1 Temperature Gradient -- 3.2.4.2 Chemical Potential Gradient -- References -- Chapter 4: Numerical Modeling Methods for Droplet Electrification -- 4.1 Governing Equations of Fluid Flow and Electric Field -- 4.1.1 Governing Equations of Fluid Flow -- 4.1.2 Gas-Liquid Two-Phase Interface Tracking -- 4.2 Coupling with Charging Model -- 4.2.1 Electrical Leakage Model -- 4.2.2 Constant Charge Model -- 4.3 Applications of Numerical Simulation on Droplet Electrification -- 4.3.1 Movement of Electrified Liquid Droplets in Electric Fields -- 4.3.2 Characteristic of Electrified Liquid in Electrostatic Spraying -- References -- Part III: Basic Theory of Particle Charging in Multiphase Flows -- Chapter 5: Charging Ways and Basic Theories of Particle Electrification -- 5.1 Charging Ways of Particle Electrification -- 5.1.1 Crack Electrification -- 5.1.2 Induced Electrification -- 5.1.3 Attached Electrification -- 5.1.4 Contact Electrification -- 5.1.4.1 Theory of contact electrification between metals -- 5.1.4.2 Contact electrification between metals and insulating materials -- 5.1.4.3 Contact electrification of insulating materials -- 5.1.4.4 Separation process -- 5.2 Basic Theory of Particle Electrification -- 5.2.1 Estimate the Charges of Powder Electrification -- 5.2.2 Charge Transfer Generated by the External Electric Field -- 5.2.3 Charge Transfer Generated by Asymmetry Contact -- 5.2.4 Charge Transfer from Aqueous Ion Shift on Particle Surfaces -- References -- Chapter 6: Numerical Modeling Methods for Particle Electrification -- 6.1 Governing Equations of Gas-Solid Two-Phase Flow. , 6.1.1 Governing Equations of Fluid -- 6.1.2 Governing Equation of Particle Motion -- 6.1.3 Force Between Particle and Fluid -- 6.1.4 The Contact Force Between Particles -- 6.2 Applications of Numerical Simulation on Particle Charging -- 6.2.1 Charged Particle Movement in Electrostatic Precipitator -- 6.2.2 Charging Behavior of Sand in Horizontal Wind Tunnel -- References -- Chapter 7: Experimental Methods for Particulate Charging Processes -- 7.1 Measurement of Electrostatic Potential (Pressure) -- 7.1.1 Method Using Contact Making Voltmeter -- 7.1.2 Method of Using Non-contact Voltmeter -- 7.2 Measurement of Electrostatic Charge Quantity -- 7.2.1 Direct Measurement Method of Charges -- 7.2.2 Measurement of Charge Quantity by Electrostatic Induction Method -- 7.3 Measurement of Electrostatic Properties of Powder -- 7.3.1 Measurement of Specific Resistance of Powder -- 7.3.1.1 Probe Method -- 7.3.1.2 Two-Counter Electrode Method -- 7.3.1.3 Three-Electrode Method -- 7.3.2 Measurement of Electrostatic Potential (Voltage) of Powder -- 7.3.2.1 Measurement of Specific Mass Charge Density of Powder -- 7.4 Measurement of Electrostatic Charge Density of Liquid -- Chapter 8: Electrostatic Utilization and Protection in Multiphase Flows -- 8.1 Main Contents of Electrostatic Protection -- 8.2 Electrostatic Protection of Powders -- 8.2.1 General Measures of Powder Electrostatic Protection -- 8.2.2 Electrostatic Protection Measures in each Process of Powder Processing -- 8.3 Electrostatic Protection of Liquids -- 8.3.1 General Measures of Liquid Electrostatic Protection -- 8.3.2 Technological Protection Measures for Various Devices -- Reference -- Chapter 9: Potential Applications of Particulate Electrification.