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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mechanism of the antigen formation of carvone and related α, β-unsaturated ketones (2001)
    Copenhagen : Munksgaard International Publishers
    Contact dermatitis 44 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-0536
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: In the present study, the mechanism for the antigen formation of α, β-unsaturated ketones was investigated. A series of analogues of carvone ((5R)-5-isopropenyl-2-methyl-2-cyclohexenone) with altered chemical reactivity and with retained overall structure or with retained reactivity and altered three-dimensional structure were synthesized. These analogues were tested for cross-reactivity in carvone-sensitized animals. Cross-reactivity was observed for analogue 3 ((5R)-5-isopropyl-2-methyl-2-cyclohexen-1-one). No cross-reactions were observed for analogues 1 ((2R,5R)-5-isopropenyl-2-methyl cyclohexanone) and 4 ((5R)-2,3-dimethyl-5-isopropenyl-2-cyclohexene-1-one). Both those compounds also failed to induce sensitization. These findings demonstrate that α, β-unsaturated ketones form antigens after a nucleophilic attack at the β-carbon with soft nucleophiles such as thiol in cysteine and not with the formation of a Schiff’s base after a nucleophilic attack at the carbonyl carbon with nitrogen nucleophiles. Furthermore, no cross-reactivity was observed between R- and S-carvone indicating the importance of the 3-dimensional structure of haptens (and antigens) in T-cell recognition. The analogues were also tested for cross-reactivity on patients allergic to carvone. The results from the animal study were confirmed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1034/j.1600-0536.2001.044006347.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Can glutathione-containing emollients inactivate methylchloroisothiazolinone/methylisothiazolinone? (1998)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Contact dermatitis 38 (1998), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-0536
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Many persons are exposed to preservatives/biocides based on methylchloroisothiazolinone/methylisothiazolinone (MCI/MI), since toiletries and cosmetics, as well as products/water-based systems used occupationally, may all contain MCI/MI. In toiletries and cosmetics, the MCI/MI concentration is often below 15 ppm (0.0015%). In some industries, workers handle high concentrations of MCI/MI, which can cause chemical burns and induce sensitization if skin is exposed. Contact allergy to MCI/MI is common and reports on chemical burns have been published. Thus, there is a need for prevention of skin diseases caused by MCI/MI. The inactivation of MCI/MI by glutathione (GSH) in emollients, containing different amounts of lipids, was studied by HPLC. Various amounts of GSH were added to Fenuril®, Essex®, and Locobase®, giving 3 preparations of each emollient containing 0.10%, 0.50% and 2.0% GSH, respectively. The inactivation of 15 ppm MCI/MI and the total inactivating capacity of GSH in these preparations, kept at room temperature and refrigerated, was studied over a period of 6 months. The inactivating capacity of GSH in the emollients was almost equivalent, regardless of the lipid contents of the emollients, type of storage and age. On the other hand, the GSH concentration in the emollients had a crucial importance on the inactivation of MCI/MI. Emollients containing 2% GSH were capable of inactivating up to 2400 ppm MCI/MI.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0536.1998.tb05740.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Occupational dermatoses in a plant producing binders for paints and glues (1998)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Contact dermatitis 38 (1998), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-0536
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: A survey of occupational dermatoses, based on a questionnaire, clinical examination and patch testing, was carried out among present and former employees in a plant producing binders for glues and paints. The binders are chemically based on vinyl acetate and/or acrylates. Preservatives are needed and those based on methylchloroisothiazolinone/methylisothiazolinone (MCI/MI) are the most commonly used. The questionnaire was answered by 83 out of 85 present employees (97.6%) and 12 out of 15 former employees (80.0%). 76 of the present (89.4%) and 11 of the former employees (73.3%), respectively, participated in the clinical examination and patch testing, which was conducted with a standard test series and chemicals from the work environment. Occupational dermatosis was diagnosed in 22 present workers (28.9%). Irritant and allergic contact dermatitis was demonstrated in 9 (11.8%) and 13 (17.1%) employees, respectively. Occupational contact allergy to acrylates and formaldehyde was detected in 3 workers and 1 worker, respectively. 12 individuals (9 present and 3 former production workers) had an occupational contact allergy to MCI/MI. 4 of the present workers had spilled Kathon LX on their skin resulting in chemical burns and allergic contact dermatitis. In total, the figure for occupational skin diseases among all present production workers was 40.4%.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0536.1998.tb05656.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Reduction of chromate in cement by iron sulfate (1979)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Contact dermatitis 5 (1979), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-0536
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Cement dermatitis is connected with chromate sensitivity. It can therefore be expected that “elimination” of chromate in cement would decrease the number of cases of cement dermatitis.Iron sulfate added to cement reduces the chromate completely and the 3-valcnl chromium is precipitated. An amount of 0.35 % (w/w) iron sulfate, FeSO4. 7H2O, is enough to reduce 20 μg Cr6+/g cement. There is no technical side effect to the concrete. The iron sulfate is preferably added to cement when there is an intimate contact with skin, e.g. at floor laying, repairs and hand-made casting.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0536.1979.tb05533.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Contact sensitivity to nickel in white gold (1984)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Contact dermatitis 10 (1984), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-0536
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Nickel release from white gold discs stored at room temperature for I week in synthetic sweat was analyzed. The nickel content of the discs was 2–15%. The nickel release from the discs was 0.09–0.82μg. Rhodium plating reduced the nickel release to 0.04–0.54 μg 18 nickel-sensitive women were patch tested with the while gold discs and all showed at least 1 positive patch test reaction. All the white gold discs gave a negative dimethylglyoxime test.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0536.1984.tb00056.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nickel release from ear piercing kits and earrings (1984)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Contact dermatitis 10 (1984), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-0536
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Ear piercing with nickel-alloyed studs/clasps involves considerable risk of nickel sensitisation. Stainless steel studs/clasps for ear piercing and different types of earring were stored in synthetic sweat for 1 week. The nickel release was determined. One “hypoallergenic” stud/clasp released 0.005 μg Ni; 21 unused studs/clasps and earrings released 0.05–3 μg Ni, and 11 unused studs/clasps and earrings released 6–25 μg Ni. 6 earrings which caused dermatitis released 14–442 μg Ni. Thus, all studs/clasps and earrings released nickel. Neither gold nor silver plating prevented the nickel release. Nickel-sensitive women were asked to wear studs/clasps releasing various amounts of nickel. The most sensitive of them showed eczematous reactions to studs/clasps releasing nickel down to 0.05 μg. The dimethylglyoxime test was positive only when more than 10 μg Ni was released.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0536.1984.tb00059.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Gold trichloride and gold sodium thiosulfate as markers of contact allergy to gold (2005)
    Oxford, UK; Malden, USA : Munksgaard International Publishers
    Contact dermatitis 53 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-0536
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The usefulness of a trivalent gold salt, gold trichloride (GTC), was evaluated as a marker of contact allergy to gold. Patients patch test-positive or patch test-negative to gold sodium thiosulfate (GSTS), 13 subjects of each, were patch tested with dilution series of GTC and equimolar concentrations of GSTS. In order to avoid false-positive and false-negative test reactions, the salts were buffered and placed on polypropene chambers. Allergic reactions were registered in 9/13 gold-allergic patients with GSTS and in 2/13 with GTC. The sum of positive reactions was 18 with GSTS and 5 with GTC. Irritant reactions were none with GSTS and 2 with GTC in the gold-allergic patients. It is concluded that GTC can elicit positive patch test reactions in patients with gold allergy but to a lesser degree when compared with GSTS. Thus, GTC cannot be recommended in patch testing, and GSTS is still the test agent of choice.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.0105-1873.2005.00648.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Recommendation to include methyldibromo glutaronitrile in the European standard patch test series (2005)
    Oxford, UK; Malden, USA : Munksgaard International Publishers
    Contact dermatitis 52 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-0536
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The preservative methyldibromo glutaronitrilc (MDBGN) is used non-occupationally and occupationally. High contact allergy rates have been reported when tested in consecutive dermatitis patients as well as clinical cases with allergic contact dermatitis. Up till now there has been no agreement on which patch test preparation to use to trace contact allergy to MDBGN. From the year 2005 on, MDBGN at 0.5% w/w in petrolatum is recommended for the European standard patch test series. The choice of 0.5% is based on consideration of rates of contact allergy, doubtful and irritant reactions, as well as on information on clinical relevance represented by results of a repeated open application test, and patch test concentrations to diagnose allergic contact dermatitis from MDBGN in individual cases.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.0105-1873.2005.00482.x
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Stability of patch test preparations of methyldibromo glutaronitrile in petrolatum (2004)
    Oxford, UK; Malden, USA : Munksgaard International Publishers
    Contact dermatitis 51 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-0536
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.0105-1873.2004.0459g.x
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Occupational dermatoses in a metalworking plant (2003)
    Oxford, UK : Munksgaard International Publishers
    Contact dermatitis 48 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-0536
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: In a plant producing advanced components for engines and drivelines we undertook a survey of occupational dermatoses, based on a questionnaire, clinical examination, and patch testing with a standard series and a series of samples from the working environment. The questionnaire was given to all 430 employees and it was answered and returned by 382 of these. 214 reported having had or having skin manifestations during the time of employment suspected of being work-related. 183 employees (164 metal workers, 19 office staff) participated in the clinical investigation, 182 (163 metal workers, 19 office staff) being patch tested. Occupational dermatoses were diagnosed in 23 of these 163 (14.1%) and in 1 of these 19 (5.3%). In all, irritant contact dermatitis was diagnosed in 12 metal workers, occupational allergic contact dermatitis in 11 (10 metal workers and 1 office clerk) and folliculitis in 1 metal worker. In the 11, neat oils were the cause in 4 workers, a water-based cutting fluid in 3 and various biocides in 4.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1034/j.1600-0536.2003.480205.x
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