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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Carbohydrate Research 49 (1976), S. 27-35 
    ISSN: 0008-6215
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Aquaculture 6 (1975), S. 77-82 
    ISSN: 0044-8486
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Helgoland marine research 45 (1991), S. 269-272 
    ISSN: 1438-3888
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Helgoland marine research 42 (1988), S. 645-654 
    ISSN: 1438-3888
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Helgoland marine research 30 (1977), S. 666-672 
    ISSN: 1438-3888
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Overall comparisons of marine pelagic productions in different systems are speculative to a high degree. Yet they often bring to our attention processes which have not been sufficiently investigated. One such process may be the decrease of fish production due to the change in the diatom/flagellate ratio. The following hypothesis is discussed in the light of recent investigations: An increasing development of flagellates caused by some types of pollution or climatic changes not only may increase the number of trophic levels and thereby, decrease fish production, but also may cause a change in the flow of biomass from fish to ctenophores and other planktonic predators, thereby again decreasing the harvest available for human consumption.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1438-3888
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Helgoland marine research 22 (1971), S. 303-325 
    ISSN: 1438-3888
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung 1. Die Populationsdynamik der tentaculaten CtenophorePleurobrachia pileus Fabr. 1780 wurde in den Jahren 1966 bis 1968 bei Helgoland untersucht. 2. Die in der hydrographisch komplizierten Deutschen Bucht ablaufende Populationsdynamik konnte durch die punktförmige Probennahme und die sie ergänzenden Messungen nur annäherungsweise erfaßt werden. 3. Der Jahresgang vonP. pileus zeichnet sich im Untersuchungsgebiet aus durch einen in allen Untersuchungsjahren übereinstimmenden Abundanzanstieg unter Zunahme junger Individuen von März bis Mai. Im Juni wurden die höchsten Abundanzwerte ermittelt; der Rückgang der Population erfolgt anschließend sehr schnell bis zum völligen Fehlen vonP. pileus in den Planktonfängen vor Helgoland. 4. In den Jahren 1966 und 1968, alsPleurobrachia pileus eine Abundanz von etwa 10 Individuen pro m3 erreichte, fehlte sie im Spätsommer völlig. 1967, als ihre maximale Abundanz 1–2 Individuen pro m3 betrug, war sie im Spätsommer und Herbst regelmäßig bis häufig im Plankton vertreten. 5. Der mittlere Körperdurchmesser der gefangenenP. pileus ist im Winter größer als im Sommer. Gegen Ende des Winters zeigen einzelne Individuen Reduktionserscheinungen an den Lokomotionsorganen. 6. Die Tiefenverteilung vonP. pileus zeigt ganzjährig eine Präferenz der bodennahen Wasserschichten, die durch Seegangseinwirkungen anscheinend gefördert wird. 7. Die Massenentwicklung vonP. pileus im Frühjahr folgt der Frühjahrsblüte des Phytoplanktons und dem daran gebundenen Auftreten von Copepoden und Evertebratenlarven. 8. Der Populationsrückgang wird maßgeblich durchBeroe gracilis verursacht. Deren Population ist somit für die Populationsdynamik vonP. pileus der einflußreichste biotische Faktor. 9. DaBeroe gracilis Nahrungsspezialist ist, bilden beide Arten ein Regelsystem, das bei hoher Abundanz vonP. pileus wirksam wird. 10.Bolinopsis infundibulum undBeroe cucumis, die synchron im gleichen Gebiet als ökologisches Regelsystem verwandter Struktur vertreten sind, haben nur einen geringen direkten Einfluß auf die Populationsdynamik vonPleurobrachia pileus undBeroe gracilis. 11. Die Konsequenzen der Abhängigkeit des Auftretens vonBeroe gracilis vonP. pileus werden diskutiert.
    Notes: Abstract The tentaculate ctenophorePleurobrachia pileus Fabr. belongs to the most abundant holoplanktonic zooplankters of the German Bight (North Sea). Its population dynamics have been studied from May 1966 to August 1968. Samples were taken mainly near the island Helgoland; hence the survey on population dynamics, which depend upon the complicated hydrographical conditions of the German Bight, is quite limited. Plankton samples were taken either as surface hauls in turbulent water, or as “Hensen” vertical hauls or horizontal hauls with the “Knüppelnetz”. In all three years the annual cycle ofP. pileus reveals a characteristic population increase from March to the end of May, followed by a steep population decrease. Maximum abundances varied from about 20 individuals per m3 to about 1 individual per m3. The population increase corresponds to the spring plankton bloom. The decrease is mainly due to the influence ofBeroe gracilis, whose population dynamics were also studied, as well as those ofBolinopsis infundibulum andBeroe cucumis. IfP. pileus andB. gracilis were abundant in spring,P. pileus could not be found during the subsequent summer, but reappeared in autumn and winter. In 1967, whenP. pileus andB. gracilis were less abundant, representatives could be caught throughout the following months. The population dynamics ofPleurobrachia pileus andBeroe gracilis, as well as ofBolinopsis infundibulum andBeroe cucumis, provide examples of ecological feedback systems.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    ISSN: 1438-3888
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Helgoland marine research 20 (1970), S. 304-317 
    ISSN: 1438-3888
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary 1. The development of new cultivation devices, the double kuvette and the phytoplanktonkreisel, made it possible to culture the 4 species of ctenophores occurring in the southern North Sea:Pleurobrachia pileus, Bolinopsis infundibulum, Beroe cucumis andBeroe gracilis. These ctenophores are holoplanktonic organisms of great ecological importance in local marine food chains. 2. The double kuvette, an improved version of the planktonkreisel permits the control of growth and feeding rate without disturbing the test organisms. 3. The phytoplanktonkreisel permits experiments close to habitat conditions with high seston densities and wave action. 4.Beroe gracilis andPleurobrachia pileus could be reared from egg to egg; the other 2 species could be maintained over several weeks. 5. Data are given on the nutrition of all 4 species as well as on their growth rates, development and behavior. 6.Beroe gracilis feed exclusively onPleurobrachia pileus; Beroe cucumis feed mainly onBolinopsis infundibulum. 7. The young stages only ofBolinopsis infundibulum have true larval organs (tentacles) and may be called larvae. 8. Some ecological implications of the findings are discussed.
    Notes: Kurzfassung Die Ctenophoren gehören zu den Holoplanktern, die im neritischen Bereich der Nordsee eine wichtige Rolle in der Nahrungskette spielen. Die Empfindlichkeit dieser Organismengruppe erschwert experimentelle Untersuchungen. Mit neuen Methoden und Geräten, der „Doppelküvette“ und dem „Phytoplanktonkreisel“, die aus dem „Planktonkreisel“ (Greve 1968) entwickelt wurden, gelang die langfristige Hälterung der 4 Ctenophorenarten, die in der Deutschen Bucht vorkommen:Pleurobrachia pileus Fabr.,Bolinopsis infundibulum Müller,Beroe cucumis Fabr. undBeroe gracilis Künne. Die Kulturversuche lassen Aussagen über Ernährung, einige Verhaltensbesonderheiten, Entwicklung und Wachstumsgeschwindigkeit dieser 4 Arten zu. Die teilweise an nur geringen Individuenzahlen gewonnenen Ergebnisse ergänzen die wenigen vorhandenen Daten über die Ökologie der hiesigen Ctenophoren, die sich durch besondere interspezifische Beziehungen auszeichnen; so frißtBeroe gracilis nurPleurobrachia pileus undBeroe cucumis fast nurBolinopsis infundibulum.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Helgoland marine research 30 (1977), S. 83-91 
    ISSN: 1438-3888
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Linear unidirectional dependence of one population upon another is rather atypical among zooplankton species, as carnivory is not only characteristic of high trophic levels but also part of omnivory in many species of copepods. The feeding on its predatorjuveniles may be important for the survival of a copepod population, more in regard to the impact on the predator than to the nutritional benefit obtained. Such complex interrelationships are important for predictive ecosystem models. Ctenophore-copepod interrelationships have been analysed in experiments, and the results produced have been used for constructing simulation models. Details of experimentation and of modelling are described and discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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