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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Increased Dietary Protein to Energy Ratio in Pre-Weaning Lambs Increases Average Daily Gain and Cortical Bone Thickness in the Tibia
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Ruminants Vol. 2, No. 4 ( 2022-12-01), p. 478-486
    Details
    In: Ruminants, MDPI AG, Vol. 2, No. 4 ( 2022-12-01), p. 478-486
    Abstract: The objective of this study was to examine if diets differing in crude protein (CP) to metabolizable energy (ME) ratio (CP:ME) pre-weaning altered peripheral quantitative computed tomography (pQCT) measures of bone mass and strength in lambs. The left hind leg of lambs were available at the completion of a trial designed to examine the effect that altering the CP:ME ratio in milk replacer had on growth and body composition of pre-weaned lambs reared artificially. Treatments consisted of either normal commercial milk replacer (CMR, n = 10) containing 240 g/kg CP and 21.89 MJ/kg ME, high protein milk replacer (HPM, n = 9) containing CMR with additional milk protein concentrate to reach 478.7 g/kg CP and 19.15 MJ/kg ME or a mix of normal milk replacer and milk protein concentrate adjusted twice-weekly to match optimal CP:ME requirements (MB, n = 8) based on maintenance plus 300 g/d liveweight gain. At 22 kg live weight, lambs were euthanized and the tibia including the surrounding muscle was collected and scanned using pQCT at the mid-diaphysis. Lambs on the HPM and MB diets had a greater average daily gain (p 〈 0.01). There were limited differences in bone morphology and muscle mass, though notably the higher protein diets (MB and HPM) were associated with greater cortical thickness (p 〈 0.05) and, therefore, potentially greater peak bone mass at maturity This finding demonstrates that pre-weaning diets, and the protein content in particular, may influence the developmental potential of long bones and attainment of peak bone mass at maturity.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2673-933X
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ruminants2040034
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 3136505-X
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The Effect of Artificial Rearing on Live Weight Gain and Bone Morphology of the Tibia in Lambs Prior to Weaning
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Ruminants Vol. 2, No. 1 ( 2022-01-17), p. 101-111
    Details
    In: Ruminants, MDPI AG, Vol. 2, No. 1 ( 2022-01-17), p. 101-111
    Abstract: Growth rates associated with different artificial rearing systems have been thoroughly examined in many species. However, the effect of different rearing systems on bone morphology has not been described. The objective of this study was to examine differences in the bone mass and the relationship of peripheral quantitative computed tomography (pQCT) measures of bone with muscle area of ewe-reared lambs and artificially reared lambs. Lambs were opportunistically collected from a concurrent trial examining changes in ewe mammary glands during lactation. Thirteen lambs were artificially reared while the remaining nine were left on their dam. Measures of stature were taken throughout the six-week trial period. At approximately six weeks of age, the lambs were euthanized and the tibia was collected and scanned using peripheral quantitative computed tomography. Artificially reared lambs had reduced live weight gain and an altered pattern of stature growth. There was no effect of treatment on bone morphology (p 〉 0.05), but ewe reared lambs had a greater cortical bone content to muscle area ratio than artificially reared lambs (0.06 vs. 0.15, respectively). Differences in growth between ewe reared lambs and artificially reared lambs emphasizes the importance of adequate preweaning nutrition for livestock production systems that routinely use artificial rearing systems.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2673-933X
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ruminants2010006
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    CSF from a puppy with a cerebral vascular hamartoma
    Wiley ; 2023
    In:  Veterinary Clinical Pathology Vol. 52, No. 1 ( 2023-03), p. 97-101
    Details
    In: Veterinary Clinical Pathology, Wiley, Vol. 52, No. 1 ( 2023-03), p. 97-101
    Abstract: A 9‐week‐old puppy with refractory seizures and a dome‐shaped head presented to the Mississippi State College of Veterinary Medicine Specialty Center for suspected hydrocephalus. Computerized tomography (CT) findings included transtentorial herniation and an intra‐axial mass with dystrophic mineralization. Cerebrospinal fluid analysis revealed an increased nucleated cell count of 1100/μl (RI  〈  5/μl), erythrocyte count of 2.2 × 10 6 /μl, and markedly increased microprotein of 1939 mg/dl (RI  〈  30 mg/dl). On cytologic examination of the CSF, numerous erythrophagocytic, and hemosiderin‐laden macrophages were observed, which indicated chronic active hemorrhage. Many neutrophils, macrophages, and lymphocytes that contained numerous intracytoplasmic, pleomorphic, bright yellow crystals were observed. Considering the ongoing hemorrhage, the crystals were presumed to be hematoidin. A biopsy with histopathology was performed on the intra‐axial mass, and the results were consistent with a vascular hamartoma. We speculate that the formation of these crystals was related to the ongoing hemorrhage associated with the vascular hamartoma. Identification of these crystals may be useful to aid in the identification of chronic hemorrhage associated with vascular malformations or lesions within the central nervous system.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0275-6382 , 1939-165X
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1111/vcp.v52.1
    DOI: 10.1111/vcp.13153
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2114702-4
    SSG: 22
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Live Weight and Bone Growth from Birth to 23 Months of Age in Holstein–Friesian, Jersey and Crossbred Heifers
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Dairy Vol. 3, No. 2 ( 2022-05-13), p. 333-344
    Details
    In: Dairy, MDPI AG, Vol. 3, No. 2 ( 2022-05-13), p. 333-344
    Abstract: Selection pressure for greater milk solid production, calving ease and early puberty attainment has resulted in the alteration of the growth trajectory of New Zealand dairy heifers. Although previous data have looked at stature growth in terms of height and girth, changes in the growth trajectory as a result of seasonal growth has not been examined. In addition, the relative contributions of the appendicular skeleton and thorax in relation to height have not been considered in previous studies. Therefore, the aim of this study was to examine how the proportional contributions of stature change with increases in live weight in Holstein–Friesian, Jersey and Holstein–Friesian–Jersey crossbred heifers from birth to 23 months of age (just prior to calving). Comparisons of height, length, girth and distal and proximal forelimb length (stature) revealed that at the same live weight, measures of girth, length and height did not differ between breeds (p 〈 0.05). As live weight increases, the relative contribution of the distal limb to increasing height decreases, which is consistent with the cessation of physeal growth occurring earlier in the bones of the distal limb than in the proximal limb. By understanding the timing of proximal and distal growth in dairy heifers, the effect of seasonal growth on longitudinal bone growth can be identified.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2624-862X
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/dairy3020026
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 3001014-7
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Measures of Bone Morphology in the Medial and Lateral Condyles of the Metacarpus in Beef Cross Dairy Cattle at 8–12 and 24 Months of Age
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Ruminants Vol. 2, No. 3 ( 2022-06-27), p. 297-307
    Details
    In: Ruminants, MDPI AG, Vol. 2, No. 3 ( 2022-06-27), p. 297-307
    Abstract: Bone morphology in the mid-diaphysis of the metacarpus in cattle and the effect of puberty and age has been well described. However, there is limited information on how age and not attaining puberty affects bone morphology in the epiphysis of the metacarpus. The metacarpus is comprised of the third and fourth metacarpal bones fused together to create a medial and lateral epiphysis. When a cow is in stance phase there is greater pressure on the medial claw; however, the effect of this difference in loading on bone has not been described. Therefore, the aim of this experiment was to describe bone morphology in the medial and lateral epiphysis of the metacarpus at the age of puberty in steers. The metacarpus was collected from beef cross dairy steers at approximately one and two years of age. The distal epiphysis of the metacarpus was scanned using peripheral quantitative computed tomography (pQCT). Measures were corrected for body weight and demonstrated a lack of bone growth cessation at one year of age. The lack of difference in bone morphology in the medial and lateral condyles of the distal metacarpus reflects the even loading distribution observed in the forelimb of cattle.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2673-933X
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ruminants2030020
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Race-Level Reporting of Incidents Using the New Online System During Two Seasons (2019/2020–2020/2021) of Harness Racing in New Zealand
    Elsevier BV ; 2022
    In:  Journal of Equine Veterinary Science Vol. 119 ( 2022-12), p. 104142-
    Details
    In: Journal of Equine Veterinary Science, Elsevier BV, Vol. 119 ( 2022-12), p. 104142-
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0737-0806
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2022.104142
    Language: English
    Publisher: Elsevier BV
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2102631-2
    SSG: 22
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The Reporting of Racehorse Fatalities in New Zealand Thoroughbred Flat Racing in the 2011/12–2021/22 Seasons
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Animals Vol. 13, No. 4 ( 2023-02-09), p. 612-
    Details
    In: Animals, MDPI AG, Vol. 13, No. 4 ( 2023-02-09), p. 612-
    Abstract: Race day fatalities as a consequence of catastrophic musculoskeletal injury and cardiac failure are both a welfare concern and provide a challenge for the social perceptions of equine welfare within the racing industry. To reduce race day fatalities, the risk factors under New Zealand racing conditions need to be identified. The aim of this study was to examine race and horse-level risk factors for fatalities in New Zealand Thoroughbred flat racing using retrospective race day data from the 2011/12–2021/22 racing seasons. Horse and race-level factors associated with a suspected cardiac failure and fatal fracture were identified by merging fatality data with the master race dataset for the corresponding seasons. Most fatalities were associated with fatal fracture (0.4 per 1000 starts, 95% CI 0.4–0.5). Horses which raced over distances 〉 1600 m were 1.7 times (95% CI 1.2–2.5) more likely to sustain a fatal fracture than horses racing ≤ 1600 m. Male horses and firmer track conditions were also associated with an increase in the risk of fatal fracture. Horses aged 5 years and older were 2.1 (95% CI 1.1–4.6) times more likely to suffer a suspected cardiac failure than younger horses. Changes in the industry reporting system improved the level of detail provided for fatalities, enabling the identification of specific risk factors.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2076-2615
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ani13040612
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2606558-7
    SSG: 23
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  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Unilateral invasive intraocular melanoma with choroidal and optic nerve involvement resulting in bilateral vision loss in a Labrador Retriever
    Wiley ; 2023
    In:  Veterinary Ophthalmology Vol. 26, No. 3 ( 2023-05), p. 231-237
    Details
    In: Veterinary Ophthalmology, Wiley, Vol. 26, No. 3 ( 2023-05), p. 231-237
    Abstract: A 10‐year‐old male castrated Labrador Retriever cross was referred for evaluation of acute vision loss. Ophthalmic examination revealed mild left sided exophthalmos, bilateral resting mydriasis, an absent direct and reduced consensual PLR in the left eye and reduced direct and absent consensual PLR in the right eye. Examination of the cornea and anterior segment with slit lamp biomicroscopy was unremarkable. Indirect fundoscopy revealed a left optic nerve head obscured by a darkly pigmented lesion. Fundic examination in the right eye was unremarkable. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed a smoothly marginated, lobulated cone to irregularly shaped, strongly T1 hyperintense, T2 and T2 fluid‐attenuated inversion recovery hypointense, strongly contrast enhancing mass closely associated with the entire left optic nerve, extending across the optic chiasm and into the right optic nerve ventrally. Full clinical staging revealed no evidence of metastasis. Exenteration of the left eye was performed. Histopathology revealed an unencapsulated, poorly demarcated, multilobulated and infiltrative pigmented mass that was effacing the posterior choroid and optic nerve. The mass was composed of a moderately pleomorphic population of heavily pigmented polygonal cells arranged in sheets and clusters, displaying moderate anisocytosis and anisokaryosis. The population of cells contained moderate amounts of abundant brown‐black granular pigment consistent with melanin within the cytoplasm. Mitotic figures averaged approximately three per ten 400× fields (2.37 mm 2 ). This is the first report of a melanocytic tumor invading along the optic nerve and tract to result in contralateral vision loss.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1463-5216 , 1463-5224
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1111/vop.v26.3
    DOI: 10.1111/vop.13101
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2011043-1
    SSG: 22
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  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Risk Factors for Horse Falls in Thoroughbred Jumps Racing
    Elsevier BV ; 2022
    In:  SSRN Electronic Journal
    Details
    In: SSRN Electronic Journal, Elsevier BV
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1556-5068
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.4066513
    Language: English
    Publisher: Elsevier BV
    Publication Date: 2022
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  • 10
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Race-Level Reporting of Incidents Using an Online System during Three Seasons (2019/2020–2021/2022) of Thoroughbred Flat Racing in New Zealand
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Animals Vol. 12, No. 21 ( 2022-11-03), p. 3028-
    Details
    In: Animals, MDPI AG, Vol. 12, No. 21 ( 2022-11-03), p. 3028-
    Abstract: In the 2019/20 Thoroughbred racing season, the paper-based reporting process of stipendiary steward reports was upgraded to an online system (‘Infohorse database’) to allow for the rapid entry of precise event and injury data. The objectives of this study were to describe the incident and non-incident examinations during the 2019/20, 2020/21, and 2021/22 Thoroughbred flat racing seasons in New Zealand and describe the primary injury and reporting outcomes. The introduction of the online system was associated with fewer miscoding events with horse identification (0.1%). An improvement in the definition and prompts in reporting within the online system compared with the previous paper-based system resulted in a greater frequency of non-incident examinations being undertaken. The increased frequency of reporting the clinical outcome, ‘no observable abnormalities detected’ (NOAD), demonstrates the role of stipendiary stewards to carry out routine screening. The frequency of most clinical findings, such as musculoskeletal fractures (0.5 per 1000 starts, 95% CI = 0.3–0.6), remained similar compared to previously reported data using the paper-based system. The online system provided a more structured dataset compared with the paper-based system, making it a useful tool for the monitoring of incidents, injuries, and potential risk factors within Thoroughbred racing in New Zealand. Therefore, evidence-based changes to the management and structure of racing can be undertaken to ensure the industry meets its duty of care for racehorse and jockey welfare.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2076-2615
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ani12213028
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2606558-7
    SSG: 23
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