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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Regulation der Methanemission aus Feuchtgebieten : Abschlußbericht 2001 im Forschungsverbund: Anthropogener und klimatischer Einfluss auf die N2O und CH4-Flüsse zwischen Boden und Atmosphäre (2001)
    Marburg : Max-Planck-Inst. für Terrestrische Mikrobiologie
    Details Availability
    Keywords: Forschungsbericht
    Description / Table of Contents: Methane emission, methane production, pore water, model, carbon isotopes, peat, wetland, raised bog
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: Online-Ressource (29 p. = 1,64 MB) , ill., graphs
    Edition: [Elektronische Ressource]
    URL: https://edocs.tib.eu/files/e01fb02/356925641.pdf
    URL: https://edocs.tib.eu/files/e01fb02/356925641l.pdf
    Language: German
    Note: Contract BMBF 01 LA 9817 7. - Differences between the printed and electronic version of the document are possible. - nIndex p. 21 - 24. - Engl. title: Regulation of methane emissions from wetlands , Also available as printed version , Contains: Anhang: Poster & Vorträge , Systemvoraussetzungen: Acrobat Reader.
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Schlussbericht zum Verbundvorhaben RAiN (2016)
    [Bremen] : [Universität Bremen, MARUM - Zentrum für Marine Umweltwissenschaften]
    Details Availability
    Keywords: Forschungsbericht
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (26 Seiten, 275,47 KB) , Illustrationen, Diagramme
    URL: https://edocs.tib.eu/files/e01fb17/887853501.pdf
    URL: https://doi.org/10.2314/GBV:887853501
    DOI: 10.2314/GBV:887853501
    Language: German
    Note: Autoren und durchführende Institutionen der Teilprojekte den Berichtsblättern entnommen , Förderkennzeichen BMBF 03G0840A/B. - Verbund-Nummer 01144766 , Unterschiede zwischen dem gedruckten Dokument und der elektronischen Ressource können nicht ausgeschlossen werden , Mit deutscher und englischer Zusammenfassung
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  • 3
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    Pleistocene freshwater ostracods from the Homo erectus site at Bilzingsleben, Germany—Review of historic collection and unpublished manuscript material for palaeoenvironmental reconstruction (2023)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-07-25
    Description: 〈title xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"〉Abstract〈/title〉〈p xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xml:lang="en"〉We provide a review of micropalaeontological research on Ostracoda from the Middle Pleistocene (MIS 11, Holstein interglacial) hominin site Bilzingsleben in Thuringia in Central Germany from 1963 to the 1990s. Samples from four sections inside and six search pits outside the excavation area were investigated and, in total, 49 ostracod species were identified. The ostracod assemblages of the sections mirror the complex and small‐scale palaeoenvironmental evolution of the site from a seeping‐spring to fluviatile, lacustrine and finally seeping‐spring habitat in which a massive tufa layer formed and prevented erosion of the sediments beneath. Pleistocene index fossils are represented by 〈italic〉Ilyocypris quinculminata〈/italic〉 from search pit 3/sample 9933 and 〈italic〉Scottia browniana〈/italic〉 from section 70. Both species indicate the age dating of MIS 11 for the tufa deposit. The results of this study facilitate new insights into site formation processes, enable refinement of the interpretation of the archaeological record and shed light on the question: Does the find‐bearing layer at the Bilzingsleben site contain in situ remains of a camp site of 〈italic〉Homo erectus〈/italic〉 or not? Our results suggest that the site is not unaffected at least.〈/p〉
    Description: Free State of Thuringia
    Keywords: ddc:565 ; actualistic approach ; Holstein interglacial ; Ostracoda ; palaeo air temperature ; palaeosalinity ; tufa
    Language: English
    Type: doc-type:article
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  • 4
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    Nonmarine Ostracoda as proxies in (geo‐)archaeology — A review (2022)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-10-06
    Description: Ostracods as bioindicators are extremely useful for reconstructing palaeoenvironment and palaeoclimate and can also indicate the provenance of sediments and materials, for example, in studies on ancient commercial networks. Ostracods are small crustaceans that live in almost all aquatic habitats, both natural and man‐made. Due to their calcitic carapace, they have high fossilization potential, and their use in geoarchaeology has been steadily increasing during the last decades. Their small size needs mean that only small volumes of sediment samples are needed, and species‐specific ecological tolerances and preferences allow detailed palaeoenvironmental reconstructions. Typical methods of their application are palaeoecological analyses of associations based on ecological information and taphonomy, morphometric variability and stable isotope and chemistry analyses of their shells. The present paper aims to present an overview of applications of non‐marine ostracods in (geo‐)archaeological research, recommending sampling and analytical techniques for addressing archaeological research questions on palaeoclimate, habitat and landscape changes, water availability and quality, land use and other anthropogenic impacts, the provenance of materials and commercial networks to promote the application of Ostracoda in geoarchaeology/environmental archaeology.
    Description: International Max Planck Research School for the Science of Human History
    Keywords: ddc:565.3
    Language: English
    Type: doc-type:article
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Microbial processes influencing methane emission from rice fields (2001)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Global change biology 7 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2486
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geography
    Notes: Irrigated rice fields are an important source of atmospheric methane. In order to improve our understanding of the controlling processes, we measured in situ CH4 emission and CH4 oxidation in an Italian rice field in 1998 and 1999, and studied CH4 production in soil and root samples. The CH4 emission rates were correlated with diurnal temperature variations and showed pronounced seasonal and interannual variations. The contribution of CH4 oxidation to total CH4 flux, determined by specific inhibition with difluoromethane, decreased from 40% at the beginning to zero at the end of the season. The stable carbon isotopic composition of the emitted CH4 also decreased. The CH4-oxidizing bacteria probably became limited by nitrogen as indicated by the seasonal decrease of NH4+. Thus, CH4 oxidation had little effect on CH4 emission. Methane production on rice roots was relatively constant over the season. Methane production in soil slowly increased after flooding and was highest in the middle of the season. Pore water concentrations of CH4 showed a similar seasonal pattern. In 1999, CH4 production increased later in the season and reached lower rates than in 1998. An additional drainage in 1999 resulted in higher ferric iron concentrations, higher soil redox potentials and lower acetate concentrations. As a result, acetate-utilizing methanogens were probably out-competed by iron-reducers so that a larger percentage of [2–14C]acetate was converted to 14CO2 instead of 14CH4. The residual CH4 production was relatively low and was mainly due to H2/CO2-dependent methanogenesis. Experiments with radioactive bicarbonate and with methyl fluoride as specific inhibitor showed that the theoretical ratio of 7:3 of methanogenesis from acetate vs. H2/CO2 was only reached later in the season when total CH4 production was at the maximum. In conclusion, our results give a mechanistic explanation for the intraseasonal and interannual differences in CH4 emission.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2486.2001.00395.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of N-fertilisation on CH4 oxidation and production, and consequences for CH4 emissions from microcosms and rice fields (2003)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Global change biology 9 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2486
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geography
    Notes: The world's growing human population causes an increasing demand for food, of which rice is one of the most important sources. In rice production nitrogen is often a limiting factor. As a consequence increasing amounts of fertiliser will have to be applied to maximise yields. There is an ongoing discussion on the possible effects of fertilisation on CH4 emissions. We therefore investigated the effects of N-fertiliser (urea) on CH4 emission, production and oxidation in rice microcosms and field experiments. In the microcosms, a substantial but short-lived reduction of CH4 emission was observed after N-addition to 43-d-old rice plants. Methane oxidation increased by 45%, demonstrated with inhibitor measurements and model calculations based on stable carbon isotope data (δ13CH4). A second fertilisation applied to 92-d-old plants had no effect on CH4 emission rates.The positive effect of additional N on methanotrophic bacteria was also found in vitro for potential CH4 oxidation rates in soil and root samples from the microcosm and field experiments, indicated by elevated initial oxidation rates and reduced lag-phases. Fertilisation did not affect methane production in the microcosms. In the field, the effects were diverse: methane production was inhibited in the topsoil, but stimulated instead in the bulk soil. Stimulation occurred probably in the anaerobic food chain at the level of hydrolytic or fermenting bacteria, because acetate, a methanogenic precursor, increased simultaneously.Combining field, microcosm and laboratory experiments we conclude that any agricultural treatment improving the N-supply to the rice plants will also be favourable for the CH4 oxidising bacteria. However, N-fertilisation had only a transient influence and was counter-balanced in the field by an elevated CH4 production. A negative effect of the fertilisation was a transient increase of N2O emissions from the microcosms. However, integrating over the season the global warming potential (GWP) of N2O emitted after fertilisation was still negligible compared to the GWP of emitted CH4.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2486.2003.00576.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Seasonal variation in pathways of CH4 production and in CH4 oxidation in rice fields determined by stable carbon isotopes and specific inhibitors (2002)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Global change biology 8 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2486
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geography
    Notes: Flooded rice fields, which are an important source of the atmospheric methane, have become a model system for the study of interactions between various microbial processes. We used a combination of stable carbon isotope measurements and application of specific inhibitors in order to investigate the importance of various methanogenic pathways and of CH4 oxidation for controlling CH4 emission. The fraction of CH4 produced from acetate and H2/CO2 was calculated from the isotopic signatures of acetate, carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4) measured in porewater, gas bubbles, in the aerenchyma of the plants and/or in incubation experiments. The calculated ratio between both pathways reflected well the ratio determined by application of methyl fluoride (CH3F) as specific inhibitor of acetate-dependent methanogenesis. Only at the end of the season, the theoretical ratio of acetate: H2 = 2 : 1 was reached, whereas at the beginning H2/CO2-dependent methanogenesis dominated. The isotope discrimination was different between rooted surface soil and unrooted deep soil. Root-associated CH4 production was mainly driven by H2/CO2. Porewater CH4 was found to be a poor proxy for produced CH4.The fraction of CH4 oxidised was calculated from the isotopic signature of CH4 produced in vitro compared to CH4 emitted in situ, corrected for the fractionation during the passage from the aerenchyma to the atmosphere. Isotope mass balances and in situ inhibition experiments with difluoromethane (CH2F2) as specific inhibitor of methanotrophic bacteria agreed that CH4 oxidation was quantitatively important at the beginning of the season, but decreased later. The seasonal pattern was consistent with the change of potential CH4 oxidation rates measured in vitro. At the end of the season, isotope techniques detected an increase of oxidation activity that was too small to be measured with the flux-based inhibitor technique. If porewater CH4 was used as a proxy of produced CH4, neither magnitude nor seasonal pattern of in situ CH4 oxidation could be reproduced. An oxidation signal was also found in the isotopic signature of CH4 from gas bubbles that were released by natural ebullition. In contrast, bubbles stirred up from the bulk soil had preserved the isotopic signature of the originally produced CH4.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2486.2002.00476.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Plant-mediated methane emission from an Indian mangrove (2004)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Global change biology 10 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2486
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geography
    Notes: Mangroves have been considered for a long time to be a minor methane source, but recent reports have shown that polluted mangroves may emit substantial amounts of methane. In an unpolluted Indian mangrove, we measured annual methane emission rates of 10 g CH4 yr−1 from the stands of Avicennia marina. This rate is of the same order of magnitude as rates from Northern wetlands. Methane emission from a freshwater-influenced area was higher, but was lower from a stunted mangrove growing on a hypersaline soil. Methane emission was mediated by the pneumatophores of Avicennia. This was consistent with the methane concentration in the aerenchyma, which decreased on average from 350 ppmv in the cable roots to 10 ppmv in the emergent part of the pneumatophores. However, the number of pneumatophores varied seasonally. The minimum number occurred during the monsoon season, which reduced methane emissions largely. Ebullition from unvegetated areas may also be important, at least during monsoon season when measured bubble fluxes were occasionally about five times as high as pneumatophore-mediated emissions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2004.00834.x
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Acetylene inhibition technique underestimates in situ denitrification rates in intact cores of freshwater sediment (1991)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS microbiology letters 85 (1991), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1574-6968
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Denitrification in intact sediment cores was measured by the acetylene inhibition technique and compared with the nitrate flux between water and sediment. Less than half of the nitrate-N consumed by the sediment could be recovered as nitrous oxide-N. The low recovery rate of nitrous oxide from intact sediment cores indicated losses of nitrous oxide by diffusion down to nitrate-free sediment layers, where reduction of nitrous oxide may take place. In sediment slurries 100% of nitrate-N could be recovered as nitrous oxide-N as long as the nitrate concentration in the liquid phase was above 10 μM. Nitrous oxide added to nitrate-free sediment slurries was reduced regardless of whether acetylene was present or not. Therefore denitrification may be significantly underestimated by this method.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6968.1991.tb04448.x-i1
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Life at the oxic–anoxic interface: microbial activities and adaptations (2000)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS microbiology reviews 24 (2000), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1574-6976
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Molecular oxygen is one of the most important reactants in biogeochemical cycles. Due to its low solubility in water, the consumption of oxygen leads to the development of oxic–anoxic interfaces, which separate aerobic from anaerobic processes in virtually all environments, ranging in scale from oceanic sediments to the fecal pellets of a small soil invertebrate. Three case studies were selected to illustrate the basic situation and the specific characteristics of oxic–anoxic interfaces: sediments, the rhizosphere of aquatic plants, and the intestinal tract of insects. Each system is governed by the same general principles, but striking differences arise from, e.g., the nature of the major microbial activities and the mechanisms controlling metabolite fluxes. Also scale and dimensional differences as well as the consequences of temporal fluctuations are of fundamental importance. Recent developments in microbial ecology, which often combine traditional and modern approaches, have significantly furthered our understanding of the specific microniches and the metabolic and behavioral adaptations of microorganisms to life at the oxic–anoxic interface. New concepts help to define the targets of future studies: the spatial organization of microbial populations, their microenvironments and in situ activities, and the functional interactions within structured microbial communities.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6976.2000.tb00567.x
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