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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Are distribution patterns linked to dispersal mechanism? An investigation using pond invertebrate assemblages (2002)
    Oxford UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Freshwater biology 47 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2427
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: 1. Dispersal ability influences the distribution and abundance of organisms, but empirical investigations of the relationship between dispersal ability and the composition of ecological assemblages are scarce. Here, we compare between-site variation in the species richness and community composition of actively and passively dispersing pond invertebrates.2. Coleoptera (active dispersers) and microcrustacea (passive dispersers) were sampled over a season from 16 ponds within a 4-km radius in south-west England. Species richness and community composition were related to environmental variables using regression and Canonical Correspondence Analysis (CCA), respectively.3. Coleopteran species richness was significantly and positively correlated with pond permanence and maximum area, whereas microcrustacean species richness was relatively equal across sites and did not correlate with environmental variables. The frequency of species' occurrence between sites was the same for both groups, which suggests that active and passive dispersers exhibited the same degree of dispersal.4. Between-site variation in community composition was non-random for both groups, with pond permanence and area, together, explaining similar proportions of between-site variation for Coleoptera. Permanence was correlated most strongly with microcrustacean community composition and a high proportion (25%) of microcrustacean species were more numerous in smaller, more ephemeral ponds.5. These data suggest that, at small spatial scales, Coleoptera which can undertake multiple dispersal events, are more likely to colonise large, more permanent ponds than passively dispersing microcrustacea. For microcrustacea, other traits (in this case those permitting existence in ephemeral habitats) may over-ride the influences of dispersal in driving between-site variation in species composition.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2427.2002.00886.x
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 2
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    Distribution patterns and sexual segregation in chimaeras: implications for conservation and management (2013)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-08-22
    Description: Holt, R. E., Foggo, A., Neat, F. C., and Howell, K. L. 2013. Distribution patterns and sexual segregation in chimaeras: implications for conservation and management. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 70: 1198–1205. Chimaeras such as Chimaera monstrosa and Hydrolagus mirabilis are commonly found in commercial bycatch of deep-sea fisheries in the Northeast Atlantic. Very little information exists on their life history, ecology or behaviour. Segregation of populations by sex and/or age classes has been demonstrated in several elasmobranchs, but whether segregation occurs in chimaeras, and if so what mechanisms are involved, remains unknown. This study investigates the distribution and sexual segregation of four species of chimaera ( C. monstrosa , H. mirabilis , C. opalescens n. sp . and Harriotta raleighana ) in relation to sex, size (maturity) class, bottom depth, and latitude. Data were obtained from annual trawl surveys undertaken by Marine Scotland, Aberdeen, from 1998–2009, at 400–2000 m in the Northeast Atlantic (55–59°N 5–11°W). A factorial General Linear Model (GLM) with planned contrasts indicated complex patterns of age- and sex-related segregation. All adult males and females were sexually segregated by depth: in all four species investigated females occurred at greater depths than males. Potential birthing grounds were identified for H. mirabilis . Latitudinal spatial segregation was not evident in relation to sex or maturity stage. The patterns of segregation reported here suggest a potential for differential exploitation of the sexes by spatially focused fisheries.
    Print ISSN: 1054-3139
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9289
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Oxford University Press
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    PAPER CURRENT
  • 3
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    Physiological advantages of dwarfing in surviving extinctions in high-CO2 oceans (2015)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: Excessive CO2 in the present-day ocean–atmosphere system is causing ocean acidification, and is likely to cause a severe biodiversity decline in the future1, mirroring e ects in many past mass extinctions2–4. Fossil records demonstrate that organisms surviving such eventswere often smaller than those before5,6, a phenomenon called the Lilliput e ect7. Here, we showthat two gastropod species adapted to acidified seawater at shallow-water CO2 seeps were smaller than those found in normal pH conditions and had higher mass-specific energy consumption but significantly lower whole-animal metabolic energy demand. These physiological changes allowed the animals to maintain calcification and to partially repair shell dissolution. These observations of the long-term chronic e ects of increased CO2 levels forewarn of changes we can expect in marine ecosystems as CO2 emissions continue to rise unchecked, and support the hypothesis that ocean acidification contributed to past extinction events. The ability to adapt through dwarfing can confer physiological advantages as the rate of CO2 emissions continues to increase.
    Description: Published
    Description: 678–682
    Description: 4A. Clima e Oceani
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: restricted
    Keywords: Dwarfing ; Acidiefied seawater ; 03. Hydrosphere::03.01. General::03.01.07. Physical and biogeochemical interactions
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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    PAPER (OA)
  • 4
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    Coral and mollusc resistance to ocean acidification adversely affected by warming, 2011 (2011)
    PANGAEA
    In:  Supplement to: Rodolfo-Metalpa, Riccardo; Houlbrèque, Fanny; Tambutté, Eric; Boisson, Florence; Baggini, Cecilia; Patti, F P; Jeffree, Ross; Fine, M; Foggo, A; Gattuso, Jean-Pierre; Hall-Spencer, Jason M (2011): Coral and mollusc resistance to ocean acidification adversely affected by warming. Nature Climate Change, 1, 308-312, https://doi.org/10.1038/nclimate1200
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-01-13
    Description: Increasing atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) concentrations are expectedto decrease surface ocean pH by 0.3-0.5 units by 2100, lowering the carbonate ion concentration of surfacewaters. This rapid acidification is predicted to dramatically decrease calcification in many marine organisms. Reduced skeletal growth under increased CO2 levels has already been shown for corals, molluscs and many other marine organisms. The impact of acidification on the ability of individual species to calcify has remained elusive, however, as measuring net calcification fails to disentangle the relative contributions of gross calcification and dissolution rates on growth. Here, we show that corals and molluscs transplanted along gradients of carbonate saturation state at Mediterranean CO2 vents are able to calcify and grow at even faster than normal rates when exposed to the high CO2 levels projected for the next 300 years. Calcifiers remain at risk, however, owing to the dissolution of exposed shells and skeletons that occurs as pH levels fall. Our results show that tissues and external organic layers play a major role in protecting shells and skeletons from corrosive sea water, limiting dissolution and allowing organisms to calcify. Our combined field and laboratory results demonstrate that the adverse effects of global warming are exacerbated when high temperatures coincide with acidification.
    Keywords: Animalia; Balanophyllia europaea; Benthic animals; Benthos; Calcification/Dissolution; Cladocora caespitosa; Cnidaria; CO2 vent; Coast and continental shelf; EPOCA; EUR-OCEANS; European network of excellence for Ocean Ecosystems Analysis; European Project on Ocean Acidification; Field experiment; Growth/Morphology; Mediterranean Sea; Mediterranean Sea Acidification in a Changing Climate; MedSeA; Mollusca; Mytilus galloprovincialis; OA-ICC; Ocean Acidification International Coordination Centre; Patella caerulea; Single species; Temperate; Temperature
    Type: Dataset
    Format: application/zip, 7 datasets
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    DATA PANGAEA
  • 5
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    Seawater carbonate chemistry near the island of Ischia (Italy), March 2008 to October 2009 (2011)
    PANGAEA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-01-13
    Keywords: Alkalinity, Gran titration (Gran, 1950); Alkalinity, total; Aragonite saturation state; Balanophyllia europaea; Bicarbonate ion; Calcite saturation state; Calculated using CO2SYS; Carbon, inorganic, dissolved; Carbonate ion; Carbon dioxide; Cladocora caespitosa; CO2 vent; Coast and continental shelf; DATE/TIME; EPOCA; EUR-OCEANS; European network of excellence for Ocean Ecosystems Analysis; European Project on Ocean Acidification; Field experiment; Identification; LATITUDE; LONGITUDE; Measured; Mediterranean Sea Acidification in a Changing Climate; MedSeA; Mytilus galloprovincialis; Partial pressure of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air); Patella caerulea; pH; Salinity; Site; Temperate; Temperature; Temperature, water
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 2206 data points
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    DATA PANGAEA
  • 6
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    Physiological advantages of dwarfing in surviving extinctions in high-CO2 oceans (2015)
    PANGAEA
    In:  Supplement to: Garilli, Vittorio; Rodolfo-Metalpa, Riccardo; Scuderi, Danilo; Brusca, Lorenzo; Parrinello, Daniela; Rastrick, S P S; Foggo, A; Twitchett, Richard J; Hall-Spencer, Jason M; Milazzo, Marco (2015): Physiological advantages of dwarfing in surviving extinctions in high-CO2 oceans. Nature Climate Change, https://doi.org/10.1038/NCLIMATE2616
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-03-15
    Description: Excessive CO2 in the present-day ocean-atmosphere system is causing ocean acidification, and is likely to cause a severe biodiversity decline in the future, mirroring effects in many past mass extinctions. Fossil records demonstrate that organisms surviving such events were often smaller than those before, a phenomenon called the Lilliput effect. Here, we show that two gastropod species adapted to acidified seawater at shallow-water CO2 seeps were smaller than those found in normal pH conditions and had higher mass-specific energy consumption but significantly lower whole-animal metabolic energy demand. These physiological changes allowed the animals to maintain calcification and to partially repair shell dissolution. These observations of the long-term chronic effects of increased CO2 levels forewarn of changes we can expect in marine ecosystems as CO2 emissions continue to rise unchecked, and support the hypothesis that ocean acidification contributed to past extinction events. The ability to adapt through dwarfing can confer physiological advantages as the rate of CO2 emissions continues to increase.
    Keywords: Alkalinity, total; Alkalinity, total, standard deviation; Animalia; Aragonite saturation state; Aragonite saturation state, standard deviation; Benthic animals; Benthos; Bicarbonate ion; Bicarbonate ion, standard deviation; Bottles or small containers/Aquaria (〈20 L); Calcification/Dissolution; Calcification rate of calcium carbonate; Calcite saturation state; Calcite saturation state, standard deviation; Calculated using CO2SYS; Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010); Carbon, inorganic, dissolved; Carbonate ion; Carbonate ion, standard deviation; Carbonate system computation flag; Carbon dioxide; CO2 vent; Coast and continental shelf; Cyclope neritea; EXP; Experiment; Field observation; Figure; Fugacity of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air); Growth/Morphology; Height; Height/width ratio; Identification; Laboratory experiment; LATITUDE; LONGITUDE; Mediterranean Sea; Mollusca; Month; Nassarius corniculus; OA-ICC; Ocean Acidification International Coordination Centre; Partial pressure of carbon dioxide, standard deviation; Partial pressure of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air); pH; pH, standard deviation; Potentiometric; Potentiometric titration; Respiration; Respiration rate, oxygen; Salinity; Sicily_Exp; Single species; Site; Species; Table; Temperate; Temperature, water; Temperature, water, standard deviation; Thickness; Treatment; Width
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 13576 data points
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    DATA PANGAEA
  • 7
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    Seawater carbonate chemistry and Mytilus galloprovincialis linear growth and shell periostracum coverage during experiments, 2011 (2011)
    PANGAEA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-03-15
    Keywords: Alkalinity, Gran titration (Gran, 1950); Alkalinity, total; Animalia; Aragonite saturation state; Benthic animals; Benthos; Bicarbonate ion; Calcite saturation state; Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010); Carbon, inorganic, dissolved; Carbonate ion; Carbonate system computation flag; Carbon dioxide; CO2 vent; Coast and continental shelf; EPOCA; EUR-OCEANS; European network of excellence for Ocean Ecosystems Analysis; European Project on Ocean Acidification; Field experiment; Fugacity of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air); Growth/Morphology; LATITUDE; LONGITUDE; Measured; Mediterranean Sea Acidification in a Changing Climate; MedSeA; Mollusca; Mytilus galloprovincialis; Mytilus galloprovincialis, periostracum cover; Mytilus galloprovincialis, shell diameter; Partial pressure of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air); pH; Salinity; Shell linear extension; Single species; Site; Species; Temperate; Temperature; Temperature, water
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 941 data points
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    DATA PANGAEA
  • 8
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    Seawater carbonate chemistry and Patella caerulea gross calcification during experiments, 2011 (2011)
    PANGAEA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-03-15
    Keywords: **45Ca incorporation; Alkalinity, Gran titration (Gran, 1950); Alkalinity, total; Animalia; Aragonite saturation state; Aragonite saturation state, standard deviation; Benthic animals; Benthos; Bicarbonate ion; Bicarbonate ion, standard deviation; Calcification/Dissolution; Calcite saturation state; Calcite saturation state, standard deviation; Calculated using CO2SYS; Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010); Carbon, inorganic, dissolved; Carbon, inorganic, dissolved, standard deviation; Carbonate ion; Carbonate ion, standard deviation; Carbonate system computation flag; Carbon dioxide; Carbon dioxide, partial pressure, standard deviation; Carbon dioxide, standard deviation; CO2 vent; Coast and continental shelf; Comment; EPOCA; EUR-OCEANS; European network of excellence for Ocean Ecosystems Analysis; European Project on Ocean Acidification; Experimental treatment; Field experiment; Fugacity of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air); Gross calcification rate of calcium carbonate; Identification; Measured; Mediterranean Sea Acidification in a Changing Climate; MedSeA; Mollusca; Partial pressure of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air); Patella caerulea; pH; pH, standard deviation; Salinity; Single species; Species; Temperate; Temperature; Temperature, standard deviation; Temperature, water
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 1972 data points
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    DATA PANGAEA
  • 9
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    Seawater carbonate chemistry and Balanophyllia europaea gross calcification during experiments, 2011 (2011)
    PANGAEA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-03-15
    Keywords: **45Ca incorporation; Alkalinity, Gran titration (Gran, 1950); Alkalinity, total; Animalia; Aragonite saturation state; Aragonite saturation state, standard deviation; Balanophyllia europaea; Benthic animals; Benthos; Bicarbonate ion; Bicarbonate ion, standard deviation; Calcification/Dissolution; Calcite saturation state; Calcite saturation state, standard deviation; Calculated using CO2SYS; Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010); Carbon, inorganic, dissolved; Carbon, inorganic, dissolved, standard deviation; Carbonate ion; Carbonate ion, standard deviation; Carbonate system computation flag; Carbon dioxide; Carbon dioxide, partial pressure, standard deviation; Carbon dioxide, standard deviation; Cnidaria; CO2 vent; Coast and continental shelf; Comment; EPOCA; EUR-OCEANS; European network of excellence for Ocean Ecosystems Analysis; European Project on Ocean Acidification; Experimental treatment; Field experiment; Fugacity of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air); Gross calcification rate of calcium carbonate; Identification; Measured; Mediterranean Sea Acidification in a Changing Climate; MedSeA; Partial pressure of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air); pH; pH, standard deviation; Salinity; Single species; Species; Temperate; Temperature; Temperature, standard deviation; Temperature, water
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 2516 data points
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    DATA PANGAEA
  • 10
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    Seawater carbonate chemistry and Mytilus galloprovincialis gross calcification during experiments, 2011 (2011)
    PANGAEA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-03-15
    Keywords: **45Ca incorporation; Alkalinity, Gran titration (Gran, 1950); Alkalinity, total; Animalia; Aragonite saturation state; Aragonite saturation state, standard deviation; Benthic animals; Benthos; Bicarbonate ion; Bicarbonate ion, standard deviation; Calcification/Dissolution; Calcite saturation state; Calcite saturation state, standard deviation; Calculated using CO2SYS; Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010); Carbon, inorganic, dissolved; Carbon, inorganic, dissolved, standard deviation; Carbonate ion; Carbonate ion, standard deviation; Carbonate system computation flag; Carbon dioxide; Carbon dioxide, partial pressure, standard deviation; Carbon dioxide, standard deviation; CO2 vent; Comment; EPOCA; EUR-OCEANS; European network of excellence for Ocean Ecosystems Analysis; European Project on Ocean Acidification; Experimental treatment; Field experiment; Fugacity of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air); Gross calcification rate of calcium carbonate; Identification; Measured; Mediterranean Sea Acidification in a Changing Climate; MedSeA; Mollusca; Mytilus galloprovincialis; Partial pressure of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air); pH; pH, standard deviation; Salinity; Single species; Species; Temperate; Temperature; Temperature, standard deviation; Temperature, water; Time, incubation
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 6720 data points
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    DATA PANGAEA
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