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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Transgenic Microalgae As Green Cell Factories. (2007)
    New York, NY :Springer,
    Details
    Keywords: Genetic transformation. ; Electronic books.
    Description / Table of Contents: In this book a group of outstanding researchers working on different areas of microalgae biotechnology offer a global vision of the genetic manipulation of microalgae and their applications.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: 1 online resource (145 pages)
    Edition: 1st ed.
    ISBN: 9780387755328
    URL: https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/geomar/detail.action?docID=417284
    DDC: 579.8
    Language: English
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    GEOMAR EBL
  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Induction of Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase by Lipopolysaccharide Contributes to Preventing Nitric Oxide-Mediated Glutathione Depletion in Cultured Rat Astrocytes (1999)
    Oxford UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Journal of neurochemistry 72 (1999), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract: Treatment of cultured rat astrocytes with lipopolysaccharide (LPS; 1 μg/ml) increased mRNA expression of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD), the rate-limiting step in the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP), in a time-dependent fashion (0-24 h). This effect was accompanied by an increase in G6PD activity (1.74-fold) and in the rate of glucose oxidation through the PPP (6.32-fold). Inhibition of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) activity by 2-amino-5,6-dihydro-6-methyl-4H-1,3-thiazine (AMT; 50 μM) did not alter the LPS-mediated enhancement of G6PD mRNA expression or PPP activity. Blockade of nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) activation by N-benzyloxycarbonyl-Ile-Glu-(O-tert-butyl)-Ala-leucinal (1 μM) prevented the expression of both iNOS mRNA and G6PD mRNA, suggesting that iNOS and G6PD are co-induced by LPS through a common transcriptional pathway involving NF-κB activation. Incubation of cells with LPS for 24 h increased intracellular NADPH concentrations (1.63-fold) as compared with untreated cells, but GSH concentrations were not modified by LPS treatment up to 60 h of incubation. However, inhibition of G6PD activity by dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA; 100 μM), which prevented LPS-mediated enhancements in PPP activity and NADPH concentrations, caused a 50% decrease in the GSH/GSSG ratio after 24-36 h and in GSH concentrations after 60 h of incubation. Furthermore, the changes in glutathione concentrations caused by DHEA were abolished by AMT, suggesting that nitric oxide and/or its reactive derivatives would be involved in this process. From these results, we conclude that LPS-mediated G6PD expression prevents GSH depletion due to nitric oxide and suggest that this phenomenon may be a contributing factor in the defense mechanisms that protect astrocytes against nitric oxide-mediated cell injury.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1471-4159.1999.721750.x
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Blue-light requirement for the biosynthesis of an NO2− transport system in the Chlamydomonas reinhardtii nitrate transport mutant S10* (1999)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Plant, cell & environment 22 (1999), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3040
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: The blue-light requirement for the biosynthesis of nitrite reductase and an NO2– transport system was studied in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii mutant S10. The only oxidized nitrogen species that could be taken up by this mutant was NO2–, due to the presence of NO2– transport systems and the absence of high-affinity NO3– transporters. NH4+-grown cells required illumination with blue light to recover the ability to take up NO2– when resuspended in an NO2–-containing NH4+-deprived medium. This blue-light- dependent recovery, which took 1 h, could be suppressed by cycloheximide, indicating that protein biosynthesis was involved. The biosynthesis of nitrite reductase took place in cell suspensions irradiated with red light, even in the absence of NO2–, thus suggesting that the process requiring blue light was the biosynthesis of an NO2– transport system. Nitrite reductase-containing cells (pre-irradiated with red light) took 1 h to start consuming NO2– when they were additionally irradiated with blue light in the presence of this anion, and this process was also cycloheximide-sensitive. The NO2– transport system operated either under red plus blue light or red light only. Thus, in C. reinhardtii mutant S10 cells, blue light was only required for the biosynthesis of an NO2– transport system and not for its activity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-3040.1999.00480.x
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    CYCLOSPORINE A HEPATOTOXICITY: EFFECT OF PROLONGED TREATMENT WITH CYCLOSPORINE ON BILIARY LIPID SECRETION IN THE RAT (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Clinical and experimental pharmacology and physiology 22 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1440-1681
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: 1. The effects of cyclosporine A (CyA) treatment on liver morphology, bile flow and biliary secretion of bile acid, cholesterol and phospholipid and some plasma biochemical indicators of liver function were examined.2. Wistar rats were treated i.p. with 10 or 20 mg of CyA/kg per day for 1, 2, 3 or 4 weeks.3. Treatment increased bile acid and bilirubin plasma concentration. Bile flow and biliary secretion of bile acid, cholesterol and phospholipid were reduced in CyA-treated animals.4. All these effecs of the drug appeared at 1 week after the start of treatment and were enhanced during prolonged treatment. Cyclosporine A-induced cholestasis was due to a decrease in both the bile acid-dependent and -independent fractions of bile flow.5. The reduction in cholesterol and phospholipid biliary output may be secondary to the inhibition of the hepatobiliary flux of bile acid; however, perturbations in the removal of lipids from the canalicular membrane as well as intracanalicular interaction between CyA and lipid vesicles/micelles could also be involved.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-1681.1995.tb01991.x
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Urate oxidase of Chlamydomonas reinhardii (1984)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Physiologia plantarum 62 (1984), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1399-3054
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Urate oxidase (EC 1.7.3.3) of Chlamydomonas reinhardii cells grown on purines and purine derivatives has been partially characterized. Crude enzyme preparations have a pH optimum of 9.0, require O2 for activity, have an apparent Km of 12 μM for urate, and are inhibited by high concentrations of this substrate. Enzyme activity was particularly sensitive to metal ion chelating agents like cyanide, cupferron, diethyldithiocarbamate and o-phenanthroline, and to structural analogues of urate like hypoxanthine and xanthine. Chlamydomonas cells grow phototrophically on adenine, guanine, hypoxanthine, xanthine, urate, allantoin or allantoate as sole nitrogen source, indicating that in this alga the standard pathway of aerobic degradation of purines of higher plants, animals and many microorganisms operates. As deduced from experiments in vivo, urate oxidase from Chlamydomonas is repressed in the presence of ammonia or nitrate.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-3054.1984.tb04602.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Different forms of molybdenum cofactor inVicia faba seeds: The presence of molybdenum cofactor carrier protein and its purification (1997)
    Springer
    Planta 201 (1997), S. 64-70 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Keywords: Molybdate ; Molybdenum cofactor ; Nitrate reductase ; Vicia
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract There were significant differences in the contents of molybdenum cofactor (Mo-co), both in a low-molecular-mass form (free Mo-co) and in a protein-bound form, in seeds of sevenVicia faba genotypes. Low-molecular-mass Mo-co species present in the extracts were detected by their ability to reactivate, through a dialysis membrane, aponitrate reductase from theNeurospora crassa nit-1 mutant. In extracts of all genotypes tested, the amount of Mo-co capable of directly reactivating nitrate reductase of theN. crassa nit-1 mutant was always much higher than that of low-molecular-mass Moco. These data cannot be explained by considering, as traditionally, that Mo-co detected directly, i.e. without any previous treatment for its release from Mo-coproteins, corresponds to free low-molecular mass Mo-co. A protein which bound Mo-co was purified to electrophoretic homogeneity. This protein consisted of a single 70-kDa polypeptide chain and carried a Mo-co that could be efficiently released when in contact with aponitrate reductase.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01258681
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The negative effect of nitrate on gametogenesis is independent of nitrate assimilation in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii (2000)
    Springer
    Planta 211 (2000), S. 287-292 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Keywords: Key words: Chlamydomonas ; Gametogenesis ; Nitrate reductase mutants ; Nitrate signal
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract.  The effect of nitrate on gamete differentiation as well as on the expression of genes involved in gametogenesis, nitrogen scavenging, and nitrate assimilation has been analyzed in wild-type and mutant strains of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. Nitrate prevented gamete formation from wild-type strains and caused a strong reduction in the number of zygotes recovered in genetic crosses between nitrate-assimilation-deficient mutants, thus suggesting that nitrate by itself is providing a negative regulatory signal for the sexual differentiation of the alga. Addition of nitrate at low concentrations to wild-type cells, after an initial period of nitrogen starvation, resulted in a drastic decrease in transcript levels of both nitrate-assimilation genes (NIA1 and NRT2;1) and genes induced after N-starvation (NCG2 and NCG4). This strong effect of nitrate was due to its assimilation products since it was not evident in nitrate-assimilation mutants. A slight negative effect of nitrate on NCG4 expression was only observed in the mutant. Nitrate by itself was also found to provide a negative signal for the expression of gamete-specific genes (GAS3 and GAS18) in mutants incapable of assimilating nitrate.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004250000291
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Clustering of the nitrite reductase gene and a light-regulated gene with nitrate assimilation loci in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii (1998)
    Springer
    Planta 206 (1998), S. 259-265 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract. Two new loci have been found to be clustered with five other genes for the nitrate assimilation pathway in the Chlamydomonas reinhardtii genome. One gene, located close to the 3′-end of the high-affinity nitrate transporter (HANT) gene Nrt2;2, corresponds to the nitrite reductase (NiR) structural gene Nii1. This is supported by a number of experimental findings: (i) NiR-deficient mutants have lost Nii1 gene expression; (ii) Nii1 mRNA accumulation is co-regulated with the expression of other structural genes of the nitrate assimilation pathway; (iii) nitrite (nitrate) utilization ability is recovered in the NiR mutants by functional complementation with a wild-type Nii1 gene; (iv) the elucidated NII1 amino acid sequence is highly similar to that of the cyanobacterial and higher-plant enzyme, and contains the predicted domains for plastidic ferredoxin-NiRs. Thus, the mutant phenotype and the mRNA sequence and expression of the Nii1 gene have been unequivocally related. Accumulation of mRNA for the second locus identified, Lde1 (light-dependent expression), was not regulated by nitrogen, but like nitrate-assimilation clustered genes, its expression was down-regulated in the dark.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004250050398
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Vascular tumors of the mammary gland (1981)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 394 (1981), S. 31-47 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Blood vessel neoplasms ; Electron microscopy ; Histochemistry ; Angiosarcoma ; Breast neoplasms
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary A total of five haemangiosarcomata and two benign haemangiomas arising in the mammary gland have been studied electron microscopically and by histochemical techniques. Malignant tumors were mainly composed of endothelial cells reactive to alkaline phosphatase and adenosine triphosphatase, and of pericytes and undifferentiated mesenchymal elements. A juvenile haemangioma showed a more structured wall with an increase of endoplasmic reticulum and filaments, and a diminution of membrane modulations and rod-like tubular bodies. A cavernous haemangioma showed an ultrastructure very similar to normal vessels. The ultrastructural and histochemical data suggest a blood vessel origin of mammary angiosarcomas and show that vascular neoplasms of the breast, benign or malignant, are composed of a combined proliferation of the different cell types present in the vessel wall, as described in other organs.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00431663
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Intrapulmonary mesotheliomas: Their identification by tissue culture (1982)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 395 (1982), S. 331-343 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Mesothelioma ; Tissue culture ; Pulmonary neoplasms
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Two cases of primary intrapulmonary spindle-celled sarcomas unrelated to the pleura have been studied by electron microscopy, tissue culture and histochemistry. Ultrastructurally both tumors showed some desmosomial unions. The first case showed cytoplasmic filaments, nuclear inclusions, prominent rough endoplasmic reticulum and abundant collagen in the interstitium. The second tumor showed scanty organelles and a paucity of interstitial connective tissue fibers. In spite of their spindle morphology both tumors showed a similar pattern in vitro, growing as an epithelial plaque in the same way as previously described mesotheliomas and related tumors, such as synovial sarcomas. Histochemistry of the tumor mass allowed the identification of most of the cavities which were engulfed alveoli and bronchioli. Both neoplasm were classified as intrapulmonary mesotheliomas. Their relationship to other pulmonary lesions is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00429358
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